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The Second Anglo-Dutch War or the Second Dutch War was a conflict between England and the Dutch Republic partly for control over the seas and trade routes,where England tried to end the Dutch domination of world trade during a period of intense European commercial rivalry,but also as a result of political tensions. After initial English successes,the war ended in a Dutch victory. It was the second of a series of naval wars fought between the English and the Dutch in the 17th and 18th centuries.
George Monck,1st Duke of Albemarle JP KG PC was an English soldier,who fought on both sides during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. A prominent military figure under the Commonwealth,his support was crucial to the Restoration of Charles II in 1660,who rewarded him with the title Duke of Albemarle and other senior positions.
The Battle of Scheveningen was the final naval battle of the First Anglo-Dutch War. It took place on 31 July 1653,between the fleets of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces. The Dutch fleet suffered massive losses but achieved its immediate strategic goal of raising the Royal Navy blockade of the Dutch coast.
Sir Arthur Haselrig,2nd Baronet was a leader of the Parliamentary opposition to Charles I and one of the Five Members whose attempted arrest sparked the 1642–1646 First English Civil War. He held various military and political posts during the 1639–1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms but became an opponent of Oliver Cromwell during the Protectorate. In 1660,his actions inadvertently helped restore Charles II to the throne;unlike many senior Parliamentary leaders,his life was spared but he was confined to the Tower of London,where he died on 7 January 1661.
General at Sea Robert Blake was an important naval commander of the Commonwealth of England and one of the most famous English admirals of the 17th century. His successes have been considered to have "never been excelled,not even by Nelson" according to one biographer. Blake is recognised as the chief founder of England's naval supremacy,a dominance subsequently inherited by the British Royal Navy into the early 20th century. Despite this,due to deliberate attempts to expunge the Parliamentarians from history following the Restoration,Blake's achievements tend to remain unrecognized.
Edward Montagu,1st Earl of Sandwich,KG PC FRS JP was an English military officer,politician and diplomat,who fought for the Parliamentarian army during the First English Civil War and was an MP at various times between 1645 and 1660. A loyal supporter of Oliver Cromwell,he was a member of the English Council of State from 1653 to 1659 and General at sea from 1656 to 1660. Following Cromwell's death in 1658,he switched allegiance and played an important role in the Restoration of Charles II in May 1660.
Sir Richard Fanshawe,1st Baronet PC was an English poet and translator. He was a diplomat and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1661 to 1666. During the English Civil War he supported the Royalist cause and served King Charles II in battle and in exile.
Francis Willoughby,5th Baron Willoughby of Parham was an English peer of the House of Lords.
The ships that participated in the Battle of Lowestoft,a naval engagement between the English and Dutch off the English port of Lowestoft on 13 June 1665 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. 95 English ships,commanded by James Stuart,Duke of York,faced 107 Dutch ships led by Jacob van Wassenaer,Baron Obdam. The battle ended in a victory for the English,capturing 9 Dutch ships and sinking 8 others,for the loss of only one ship.
1666 in England was the first year to be designated as an Annus mirabilis,in John Dryden's 1667 poem,which celebrated England's failure to be beaten either by fire or by the Dutch. However,this year also saw the Great Fire of London.
The English Army existed while England was an independent state and was at war with other states,but it was not until the Interregnum and the New Model Army that England acquired a peacetime professional standing army. At the Restoration of the monarchy,Charles II kept a small standing army,formed from elements of the Royalist army in exile and elements of the New Model Army,from which the most senior regular regiments of today's British Army can trace their antecedence. Likewise,Royal Marines can trace their origins back to the formation of the English Army's "Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of Foot" at the grounds of the Honourable Artillery Company on 28 October 1664.
George Fleetwood (1623–1672) was an English major-general and one of the regicides of King Charles I of England.
The Hon. Sir William Berkeley was an officer of the Royal Navy who saw service during the Second Anglo-Dutch War,rising to the rank of vice-admiral.
The English overseas possessions,also known as the English colonial empire,comprised a variety of overseas territories that were colonised,conquered,or otherwise acquired by the former Kingdom of England during the centuries before the Acts of Union of 1707 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland created the Kingdom of Great Britain. The many English possessions then became the foundation of the British Empire and its fast-growing naval and mercantile power,which until then had yet to overtake those of the Dutch Republic,the Kingdom of Portugal,and the Crown of Castile.
Sir Jeremiah Smith was an officer of the Royal Navy who saw service during the First and Second Anglo-Dutch Wars,rising to the rank of admiral.
Sir Theophilus Jones,was an Irish soldier and government official of Welsh descent. One of five sons born to Lewis Jones,Bishop of Killaloe in the Church of Ireland,he formed part of a close-knit and powerful Protestant family.
Sir John Harman was an English naval officer who was captain and then admiral during the three Anglo-Dutch wars between 1652 and 1673. He fought in several major battles. He was captain of the flagship of the Duke of York,the future King James II of England,in the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665. The Dutch were defeated but escaped when Harman reduced sail due to a mistaken order. There was a great scandal over this incident,but Harman was completely absolved and was promoted to rear admiral. He played an epic role in the St. James's Day Battle in 1666. In 1667 he destroyed a French fleet off Martinique,then captured the French and Dutch colonies in South America. He died while still active as an admiral during the Third Anglo-Dutch War.
This is a timeline of the 17th century.
Events from the 1660s in the Kingdom of Scotland.
References
- ↑ Frith, Charles Harding (1890). The Clarke Papers. Vol. I. Westminster: Camden Society.
- ↑ Clinch, George (1891). Marylebone and St. Pancras. London: Truslove & Shirley. pp. 5–6.
- 1 2 Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1887). . Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 448–449.
- ↑ Henderson, Frances (2006). The Clarke Papers V. Cambridge U. Press. ISBN 0-521-86267-1.
