William Dietrich von Wakenitz

Last updated
William Dietrich von Wakenitz
Born(1728-08-02)2 August 1728
Neu Boltenhagen
Died 9 January 1805(1805-01-09) (aged 76)
Kassel
AllegianceFlag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1750-1801).svg  Kingdom of Prussia
Flag of Hesse.svg Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
Service/branch Prussian Army
Years of service 1744–1762 (Prussia)
17631793 (Hesse-Kassel)
Rank General of Infantry
Battles/wars War of the Austrian Succession
Seven Years' War
Awards Pour le Mérite
Order of the Golden Lion
Name inscribed on Frederick the Great's Equestrian Statue

William Dietrich von Wakenitz, also Wackenitz or Wacknitz, 2 August 1728 on the family estate at Neu Boltenhagen 9 January 1805 in Kassel). He served in the Prussian army during the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War as a cavalry officer; subsequently, he served the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel as general and finance minister.

Boltenhagen Place in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany

Boltenhagen is a German seaside resort in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern situated on the Baltic Sea coast 30 km east of Lübeck. It offers a wide view of the Bay of Lübeck; a 5 km stretch of a wide and sandy beach, a boardwalk, restaurants and health spas. Boltenhagen is considered to be part of the German Riviera.

Kassel Place in Hesse, Germany

Kassel is a city located on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel and the district of the same name and had 200,507 inhabitants in December 2015. The former capital of the state of Hesse-Kassel has many palaces and parks, including the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kassel is also known for the documenta exhibitions of contemporary art. Kassel has a public university with 25,000 students (2018) and a multicultural population.

Prussia state in Central Europe between 1525–1947

Prussia was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centred on the region of Prussia on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It was de facto dissolved by an emergency decree transferring powers of the Prussian government to German Chancellor Franz von Papen in 1932 and de jure by an Allied decree in 1947. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organised and effective army. Prussia, with its capital in Königsberg and from 1701 in Berlin, decisively shaped the history of Germany.

Contents

Family

Wakenitz was born on his father's estate in Boltenhagen. His father, Karl Philipp Wakenitz (1697–1739) was a lieutenant colonel in the Swedish Army. His mother was Charlotte Louise von Örtzen (* 1699) from Blümenow. [1]

Prussian service

Wakenitz entered military service on 9 July 1744, as a cornet in the Gardes du Corps. During the second Silesian War, he was instrumental in the Battle of Hohenfriedberg, and received with several other officers the Order Pour le Mérite. [1]

Battle of Hohenfriedberg battle

The Battle of Hohenfriedberg or Hohenfriedeberg, now Dobromierz, also known as the Battle of Striegau, now Strzegom, was one of Frederick the Great's most admired victories. Frederick's Prussian army decisively defeated an Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine on 4 June 1745 during the Second Silesian War.

<i>Pour le Mérite</i> Kingdom of Prussias highest order of merit

The Pour le Mérite is an order of merit established in 1740 by King Frederick II of Prussia. The Pour le Mérite was awarded as both a military and civil honour and ranked, along with the Order of the Black Eagle, the Order of the Red Eagle and the House Order of Hohenzollern, among the highest orders of merit in the Kingdom of Prussia. After 1871, when the various German kingdoms, grand duchies, duchies, principalities and Hanseatic city states had come together under Prussian leadership to form the federally structured German Empire, the Prussian honours gradually assumed, at least in public perception, the status of honours of Imperial Germany, even though many honours of the various German states continued to be awarded.

At the outbreak of the Seven Years' War he was a lieutenant. When the Corps was supplemented with two squadrons of Saxon soldiers, he received a command over them. According to Friedrich Adolf Graf von Kalckreuth, Wakenitz personally took Georg Christian, Fürst von Lobkowitz as prisoner in the initial skirmishing of the war. On 1 October 1756, he fought at the Battle of Lobositz; he became Rittmeister (captain of cavalry) on 24 February 1757. The Corps subsequently fought at the battles of Prague, Roßbach and Leuthen. The Corps commander, Lieutenant Colonel von Blumenthal, who had been severely wounded in Lobositz, died, and his planned successor had left the army because of disagreements. Thus Rittmeister Wakenitz became commander of the Garde du Corps from 17581760. At the engagement in the Battle of Zorndorf, he was able to turn the Russian flank and was immediately promoted to lieutenant colonel. Among the leaders of the Garde du Corps, he was unquestionably the most meritorious, and according to the judgment of Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, he was a man worthy to be placed at the head of the Prussian cavalry, but he must have made enemies; he was told that in Zorndorf he had taken a Russian officer, contrary to orders, into his protection, and the Russian had shot a member of the Garde du Corps. On 6 May 1760, he was promoted to Colonel and Commander of the Cuirassier Regiment No.5 (Markgraf Friedrich). He went to Berlin, but on the occasion of the Russian-Austrian occupation of the city, he became a prisoner of war on 7 October 1760. He was freed when the new Czar Peter III, withdrew from the war with Prussia. Wakenitz returned to Prussia in 1762, and he requested his leave, which he received on the 11 December 1762. [1]

Seven Years War Global conflict between 1756 and 1763

The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved every European great power of the time and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. The conflict split Europe into two coalitions: one was led by the Kingdom of Great Britain and included the Kingdom of Prussia, the Kingdom of Portugal, the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and other small German states; while the other was led by the Kingdom of France and included the Austrian-led Holy Roman Empire, the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Spain, and the Swedish Empire. Meanwhile, in India, some regional polities within the increasingly fragmented Mughal Empire, with the support of the French, tried to crush a British attempt to conquer Bengal.

Johann Georg Christian, Prince von Lobkowitz, was an Austrian Generalfeldmarschall.

Battle of Lobositz battle

The Battle of Lobositz or Lovosice also Lowositz on 1 October 1756 was the opening land battle of the Third Silesian War and the wider Seven Years' War. Frederick the Great's 28,000 Prussians were prevented by 33,000 Austrians under Maximilian Ulysses Count von Browne from continuing their invasion into the rich Bohemian plain, forcing Frederick to ultimately fall back north into Saxony for the winter.

Hessian service

Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel sought Prussian officers in order to improve his army, and, on 14 June 1763, Wakenitz entered the Duke's service as major general. In May 1764 he received the command of the Cavalry Regiment Gens d'Armes. On 17 January 1765, he was appointed proprietor. He rose to the rank of lieutenant general on 27 October 1772, and on 19 August 1774, became secret minister of state (finance minister). Together with Martin Ernst von Schlieffen and Friedrich Christian von Jungkenn (called Müntzer of the Mohren tribe); together they were known as the Prussian junta. [1]

Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) from 1760 to 1785

Frederick II was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1760 to 1785. He ruled as an enlightened despot, and raised money by renting soldiers to Great Britain to help fight the American Revolutionary War. He combined Enlightenment ideas with Christian values, cameralist plans for central control of the economy, and a militaristic approach toward international diplomacy.

Martin Ernst von Schlieffen was a German general, politician, writer and garden architect.

He was awarded House Order of the Golden Lion (Hesse-Kassel) 25 August 1773 and on 5 March 1769, the Pour la Vertu Militaire. He died on 9 January 1805 in Kassel. In 1851, his name was included on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great. [1] [2]

House Order of the Golden Lion (Hesse-Kassel)

The House-order of the Golden Lion of the German Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel was instituted on August 14, 1770 by Landgraf (count) Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel. The Order was dedicated to Saint Elisabeth of Hungary, an ancestor of the founder and was meant to reward auspicious merit.

The Pour la vertu militaire was a military order of merit established on 25 February 1769 by Frederick II, Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel. The order, modelled on the Prussian Pour le Mérite, could be awarded in a single class to officers of Hessian army or allied armies for wartime or peacetime military merit. When awarded for peacetime merit, only officers from major upwards were eligible. In 1820 the French name was changed to German: Militär-Verdienstorden. It was discontinued in 1866, after the annexation of Hessen-Kassel by the Kingdom of Prussia.

Names inscribed on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great Wikimedia list article

The Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great is an outdoor sculpture in cast bronze at the east end of Unter den Linden in Berlin, Germany honoring King Frederick II of Prussia. It was designed in 1839 by Christian Daniel Rauch and unveiled in 1851. It was commissioned by Frederick's great nephew, Frederick William III and dedicated by Frederick's great-great nephew, Frederick William IV.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Bernhard von Poten Wakenitz, Wilhelm Dietrich von,Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, herausgegeben von der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 40 (1896), S. 635–638, Digitale Volltext-Ausgabe in Wikisource (Version vom 24. Februar 2017, 19:51 Uhr UTC)
  2. Denkmal König Friedrichs des Grossen: enthüllt am 31. Mai 1851, Verlag der Deckerschen Geheimen Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, 1851, p. 8.