William I (Willame) de Percy (d. 1096/9), 1st feudal baron of Topcliffe in North Yorkshire, [1] known as Willame als gernons (Old French, meaning 'with whiskers'), was a Norman nobleman who arrived in England immediately after the Norman Conquest of 1066. He was the founder via an early 13th-century female line of the powerful English House of Percy, Earls of Northumberland, and via an 18th-century female line of the Dukes of Northumberland.
The Cartulary of Whitby Abbey states that Hugh d'Avranches (later 1st Earl of Chester) and William de Percy arrived in England in 1067, one year after the Norman Conquest. [2]
It is possible that Percy had been one of the Normans to whom King Edward the Confessor had given lands, but who were later expelled by King Harold Godwinson (d. 1066). [3] The term Als gernons ('bewhiskered'), may explain Percy's unusual Norman epithet, [4] as the Normans were generally clean-shaven, unlike the English, and possibly Percy had assimilated the local custom. Later generations of Percys would use the sobriquet in the form of the first name "Algernon".
The name was taken from Percy, a fief near Villedieu in the Cotentin Peninsula in Normandy. [5]
He appears in Domesday as a great landowner, holding 30 knight's fees, including some lands which had belonged to a Saxon lady, whom, "as very heire to them, in discharging of his conscience," he afterwards married. Hugh Lupus, on becoming Earl of Chester, transferred to him his great estate of Whitby in the North Riding of Yorkshire, where he re-founded the Abbey of St. Hilda's, and appointed his brother Serlo de Percy the first prior.
Following the rebellion of Gospatric Earl of Northumbria, and the subsequent Harrying of the North, much territory in northern England and the Earldom of Chester were granted to Hugh d'Avranches, who had been instrumental in the devastation. Percy in turn was granted territory by d'Avranches, in addition to those already held by him in-chief from the king. [6] At the time of the Domesday Book of 1086, Percy held as a tenant-in-chief 118 manors in Lincolnshire and the North Riding of Yorkshire, with further lands in Essex and Hampshire.
Percy set about fortifying his landholdings, constructing motte and bailey castles at Spofforth [a] and at Topcliffe, [b] where was situated the caput of his feudal barony. He granted land to the Benedictine order and financed the construction of the new Whitby Abbey from amongst the ruins of the Anglo-Saxon Abbey of Streoneshalh.
Percy married an English noblewoman called Emma de Port, her epithet presumably came from her landholdings at Seamer, a once thriving manor in North Yorkshire. Possibly, the lands granted to Percy by the king were jure uxoris . By Emma de Porte, Percy had four sons:
Percy accompanied Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, on the First Crusade, where he died within sight of Jerusalem. His body was buried at Antioch, and his heart was returned to England and was buried in Whitby Abbey. [12]
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