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A cigar is a rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco leaves made to be smoked. Cigars are produced in a variety of sizes and shapes. Since the 20th century, almost all cigars are made of three distinct components: the filler, the binder leaf which holds the filler together, and a wrapper leaf, which is often the highest quality leaf used. Often there will be a cigar band printed with the cigar manufacturer's logo. Modern cigars often come with two bands, especially Cuban cigar bands, showing Limited Edition bands displaying the year of production.
A cigarette is a narrow cylinder containing burnable material, typically tobacco, that is rolled into thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end, causing it to smolder; the resulting smoke is orally inhaled via the opposite end. Cigarette smoking is the most common method of tobacco consumption. Manufacturers have described the cigarette as "a drug administration system for the delivery of nicotine in acceptable and attractive form." The term cigarette, as commonly used, refers to a tobacco cigarette, but the word is sometimes used to refer to other substances, such as a cannabis (Jazz) cigarette or an herbal cigarette. A cigarette is distinguished from a cigar by its usually smaller size, use of processed leaf, and paper wrapping, which is typically white. A cigarette may be called a fag in British slang. Many other terms are used for cigarettes, including cigs, ciggies, smokes, darts, stogs, boges, and tabs.
Tobacco smoking is the practice of burning tobacco and ingesting the smoke that is produced. The smoke may be inhaled, as is done with cigarettes, or simply released from the mouth, as is generally done with pipes and cigars. The practice is believed to have begun as early as 5000–3000 BC in Mesoamerica and South America. Tobacco was introduced to Eurasia in the late 17th century by European colonists, where it followed common trade routes. The practice encountered criticism from its first import into the Western world onwards but embedded itself in certain strata of a number of societies before becoming widespread upon the introduction of automated cigarette-rolling apparatus.
Japan Tobacco Inc., abbreviated JT, is a cigarette manufacturing company. It is part of the Nikkei 225 index. In 2009 the company was listed at number 312 on the Fortune 500 list. The company is headquartered in Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo and Japan Tobacco International's headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. As of 2012 the chairman is Hiroshi Kimura and the CEO is Mitsuomi Koizumi. It was founded as an enterprise of the Japanese government in 1945, and became a public company on 1 April 1985.
Rolling paper is a specialty paper used for making cigarettes. Rolling papers are packs of several cigarette-size sheets, often folded inside a cardboard wrapper. They are also known as 'blanks', which are used to encase cannabis. It typically folded into different dimensions, while the rolling paper may be flavoured in varieties including fruity flavourings.
A cigarillo is a short, narrow cigar. Unlike cigarettes, cigarillos are wrapped in tobacco leaves or brown, tobacco-based paper. Cigarillos are smaller than regular cigars but usually larger than cigarettes. Cigarillos are usually made without filters, and are meant to be smoked like a cigar and not inhaled.
Tobacco package warning messages are warning messages that appear on the packaging of cigarettes and other tobacco products concerning their health effects. They have been implemented in an effort to enhance the public's awareness of the harmful effects of smoking. In general, warnings used in different countries try to emphasize the same messages. Warnings for some countries are listed below. Such warnings have been required in tobacco advertising for many years, with the earliest mandatory warning labels implemented in Iceland in 1969. Implementing tobacco warning labels has been strongly opposed by the tobacco industry, most notably in Australia following the implementation of plain packaging laws.
Kretek are unfiltered cigarettes of Indonesian origin, made with a blend of tobacco, cloves, and other flavors. The word "kretek" itself is an onomatopoetic term for the crackling sound of burning cloves.
PT Perusahaan Rokok Tjap Gudang Garam Tbk, trading as PT Gudang Garam Tbk, is an Indonesian cigarette company, best known for its kretek products. It is Indonesia's second-largest tobacco manufacturer, with a market share of about 20%. The company was founded on 26 June 1958 by Tjoa Ing Hwie, who changed his name to Surya Wonowidjojo. In 1984, control of the company was passed to Wonowidjojo's son, Cai Daoheng, who subsequently became the richest man in Indonesia. Halim headed the company until his death at the age of 60 in 2008.
Gallaher Group was a United Kingdom-based multinational tobacco company which traded on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, prior to its acquisition by Japan Tobacco in April 2007. Japan Tobacco trades in the United Kingdom as Gallaher Ltd.
PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk, commonly known as Sampoerna, is an Indonesian tobacco company owned by Philip Morris International. Sampoerna is the largest Indonesian tobacco company, ahead of Gudang Garam, Djarum, and Bentoel Group. It produces kretek-type clove cigarettes. A typical brand is Sampoerna 'A' Mild, a filter cigarette in white paper.
PT Djarum is an Indonesian kretek brand/manufacturer founded on 21 April 1951 by Oei Wie Gwan in Kudus, Central Java. It produces dozens of domestic and international brands. Djarum Black, Super, and L.A. Lights are among the popular ones. The company owns the PB Djarum, a professional badminton club and sponsored the Liga 1, nation's top football league from 2005 to 2011. It has non-cigarette business lines in technology, banking and beverages.
The Tobacco and Vaping Products Act is a Canadian law to regulate the production, marketing and sale of tobacco and vaping products. The law replaced the Tobacco Act, Bill C-71 during the 35th Canadian Parliament in 1997, which itself replaced the former Tobacco Sales To Young Persons Act of 1994 as well as the Tobacco Products Control Act of 1989. The Tobacco Act was amended on July 5, 2010 and renamed to Tobacco and Vaping Products Act in 2018 when similar laws concerning vaping products were added.
The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, is a federal statute in the United States that was signed into law by President Barack Obama on June 22, 2009. The Act gives the Food and Drug Administration the power to regulate the tobacco industry. A signature element of the law imposes new warnings and labels on tobacco packaging and their advertisements, with the goal of discouraging minors and young adults from smoking. The Act also bans flavored cigarettes, places limits on the advertising of tobacco products to minors and requires tobacco companies to seek FDA approval for new tobacco products.
Plain tobacco packaging, also known as generic, neutral, standardised or homogeneous packaging, is packaging of tobacco products, typically cigarettes, without any branding, including only the brand name in a mandated size, font and place on the pack, in addition to the health warnings and any other legally mandated information such as toxic constituents and tax-paid stamps. The appearance of all tobacco packs is standardised, including the colour of the pack.
Smoking in Indonesia is common, as there are approximately 57 million smokers in Indonesia. Of Indonesian people, 63% of men and 5% of women reported being smokers, a total of 34% of the population. 88% of Indonesia smokers use clove-flavoured kreteks. Kretek manufacturers directly employ over 180,000 people in Indonesia and an additional 10 million indirectly. Indonesia is the fifth largest tobacco market in the world, and in 2008 over 165 billion cigarettes were sold in the country.
Cigarette packets in Australia have undergone significant changes. Since 1 December 2012, all forms of branding logos, colours, and promotional texts are banned from cigarette pack designs. In turn they were replaced with drab dark brown packets and graphic images of smoking-related images to try to reduce the smoking population of Australia to 10% by 2018 from 15% in 2012.
Tobacco Industry is a road map of the regulations relating to all tobacco products in Indonesia. Tobacco Industry (TI) contains guidelines and industry classification and the products produced by the tobacco industry in Indonesia, including regulations, policies ribbon and excise, tobacco industry strategies, so on and so forth. Tobacco Industry was first coined by the Directorate General of Agro and Chemical Industry Department in 2009. Tobacco Industry has a significant role for state revenue through taxes and excise, employments, and protection against multiple impacts of tobacco farmers and others. The development of the TI also consider public health in addition to concern on, so that the industry can grow well. TP is a labor-intensive industry, so to the present of TI and its association with upstream form the procurement of raw materials, particularly tobacco, cloves, and other industries are potential labor-absorbing industrial.
As nicotine is highly addictive, marketing nicotine-containing products is regulated in most jurisdictions. Regulations include bans and regulation of certain types of advertising, and requirements for counter-advertising of facts generally not included in ads. Regulation is circumvented using less-regulated media, such as Facebook, less-regulated nicotine delivery products, such as e-cigarettes, and less-regulated ad types, such as industry ads which claim to discourage nicotine addiction but seem, according to independent studies, to promote teen nicotine use.
References
- ↑ WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008: the MPOWER package (PDF). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2008. ISBN 978-92-4-159628-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 8, 2008.
- ↑ Amin, Khoirul (4 May 2015). "Another year, another burden for cigarette makers". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ↑ "Setengah abad bertahan di bisnis rokok". Kontan.co.id. 24 November 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ↑ "Indonesia Stock Exchange". Indonesia Stock Exchange. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
- ↑ Nangoy, Fransiska (24 June 2014). "Indonesia rolls out graphic health warnings on cigarette packs". Reuters. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ↑ Cook, Erin (12 September 2017). "Sin Tax Says 'Put Down the Smokes'". Indonesia Expat. Retrieved 11 April 2018.