The politics of Mexico function within the framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic whose government is based on a multi-party congressional system, where the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government. The federal government represents the United Mexican States. It is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial, established by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, published in 1917. The constituent states of the federation must also have a republican government based on a congressional system established by their respective constitutions.
The Institutional Revolutionary Party is a political party in Mexico that was founded in 1929 as the National Revolutionary Party, then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution and finally as the PRI beginning in 1946. The party held uninterrupted power in the country and controlled the presidency twice: the first one was for 71 years, from 1929 to 2000, the second was for six years, from 2012 to 2018.
The National Action Party is a conservative political party in Mexico founded in 1939. It is one of the main political parties in the country, and since the 1980s has had success winning local, state, and national elections.
The Party of the Democratic Revolution is a state-level social democratic political party in Mexico. The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.
The Labor Party is a political party in Mexico. It was founded on 8 December 1990. The party is currently led by Alberto Anaya.
The Mexican Democratic Party was a Catholic social conservative political party in Mexico that existed between 1979 and 1997. At its height in 1982, the party had over 500,000 active voters and 12 seats in the Mexican Chamber of Deputies.
The Popular Socialist Party is an unregistered political party in Mexico. It was founded in 1948 as the Popular Party by Vicente Lombardo Toledano.
The Mexican Communist Party was a communist party in Mexico. It was founded in 1917 as the Socialist Workers' Party by Manabendra Nath Roy, a left-wing Indian revolutionary. The PSO changed its name to the Mexican Communist Party in November 1919. It was outlawed in 1925 by the government of Plutarco Elías Calles and remained illegal until 1935, during the presidency of the leftist Lázaro Cárdenas. The PCM saw the left wing of the nationalist regime that emerged from the Mexican Revolution—i.e. Cárdenas and his allies—as a progressive force to be supported. The PCM disappeared after helping form the Party of the Democratic Revolution, a split from the PRI led by the son of Lázaro Cárdenas, Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas.
The Mexican Socialist Party was a left-wing Mexican political party, and one of the immediate antecedents of the present Party of the Democratic Revolution. It was the last effort to unify the different Mexican left-wing parties, as well as the last political party in the country to officially use the word "socialist" in its name. It existed between 1987 and 1989.
The New Alliance Party is a state-level political party in Mexico founded in 2005.
In the context of Mexican politics, a national political association is a citizens' association intended to assist in the development of democratic life and the country's political culture, as well as being intended to create a better informed public opinion. They are similar to political parties; they used to receive public funding through the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) for the promotion of their activities and ideas, but this was no longer the case after the 2008 political reform; after the 2014 political reform and the transformation of the IFE into INE, only political parties and independent candidates can receive public funding. APNs are not allowed to register candidates for election, though they can publicly support those of other political parties through association agreements and may only do so during federal elections. The creation of an APN is regarded as the first step towards the creation of a full-fledged political party.
General elections were held in Mexico on 6 July 1988. They were the first competitive presidential elections in Mexico since the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) took power in 1929. The elections were widely considered to have been fraudulent, with the PRI resorting to electoral tampering to remain in power.
Social Encounter Party was a Mexican conservative political party established on the national level in 2014 and dissolved in 2018. It was part of the coalition Juntos Haremos Historia with the National Regeneration Movement and Mexico's Labor Party for the 2018 Mexican election.
The Workers' Revolutionary Party–Revolutionary Left was a Spanish Trotskyist political organization, formed in the summer of 2002 as a result of the merger of the Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT) and the Revolutionary Left (IR). Organizing the struggle for socialism was the main goal of the formation. It was the official section in Spain of the International Workers' League - Fourth International (IWL).
Workers' Revolutionary Party was a Spanish trotskyist political party founded in 1994 by the merger of the Workers' Socialist Party and the Group for Building a Revolutionary Workers' Party (GPOR). Both parties initially contested the 1994 European Parliament election as the GPOR–PST (LVS) coalition. The PRT eventually joined United Left (IU) in 1998, and in 2002 it merged with Revolutionary Left (IR) to form the Workers' Revolutionary Party–Revolutionary Left (PRT–IR).
Legislative elections were held in Mexico on 6 June 2021. Voters elected 500 deputies to sit in the Chamber of Deputies for the 65th Congress. These elections took place concurrently with the country's state elections.
Delfina Gómez Álvarez is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) who has served as the Governor of the State of Mexico since 2023. She previously served as the head of the Secretariat of Public Education appointed by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. She served as a senator from the State of Mexico in the LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress. She also has served as a federal deputy and mayor.
Isidro Leyva Leyva is a Mexican trade unionist and politician. He served in the LI Legislature of the Congress of Sonora from 1985 to 1988 as a member of the now-defunct Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT). He was later the director of the National Cattle Producers' Union from 2005 to 2021.
The Workers' Socialist Party was a socialist political party in Mexico. The PST was founded in 1975 by Rafael Aguilar Talamantes, Graco Ramírez and Juan Ignacio del Valle, though the party did not obtain its official registration until 1979. The party nominated Cándido Díaz Cerecedo in the 1982 presidential election.
