Yasmin Hurd

Last updated
Yasmin Hurd
Yasmin Hurd.jpg
Alma mater Binghamton University, Karolinska Institutet
Scientific career
Fields Neuroscience, Neurobiology of Addiction
Institutions Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Yasmin Hurd is the Ward-Coleman Chair of Translational Neuroscience and the Director of the Addiction Institute at Mount Sinai. [1] Hurd holds appointments as faculty of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City [2] [3] [4] and is globally recognized for her translational research on the underlying neurobiology of substance use disorders and comorbid psychiatric disorders. [2] [5] [6] [7] Hurd's research on the transgenerational effects of early cannabis exposure on the developing brain and behavior and on the therapeutic properties of cannabidiol has garnered substantial media attention. [2] [6] [7] [8] [9] In 2017, Dr. Hurd was elected to the National Academy of Medicine and, in 2022, Dr. Hurd was elected to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS).

Contents

Early life and education

As a child growing up in Jamaica, Hurd was particularly interested in how the brain works. To aid in covering her expenses for college, she decided to work in a research lab, which required her to take care of animals. [10] This experience was one that sparked her childhood curiosity and set her on a path to a career in neuroscience research. She completed her PhD at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, where her work with micro-dialysis led to advances in neuropharmacology. [11] [12] She spent time as a Pharmacology Research Associate Fellow with the National Institutes of Health and Staff Fellow at the National Institute of Mental Health. [12]

Career

Hurd's career began when she returned to her alma mater, Karolinska Institute as a faculty member and professor for 13 years before beginning her career at Mount Sinai. At Mount Sinai, Hurd is currently the Ward-Coleman Chair of Translational Neuroscience and the Director of the Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai within the Behavioral Health System. [13] [14]

She is also the former director of the medical school's combined MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program. [15] Hurd served on advisory boards including the Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) Board of Scientific Counselors and the Center for Scientific Review (CSR) advisory Council. [13] [16]

Hurd is a professor at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, where she studies addiction in people and animal models. Her animal research has revealed that drugs like marijuana can have profound effects on the developing and fetal adolescent brain, including effects that can even extend to the future generations of drug-users. [10]

She is also a member of the National Academy of Medicine, American Society for Neuroscience, New York Academy of Sciences, and the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. Hurd's work has been cited more than 13,000 times, and she has an H-Index of 69. [17]

Her work on the neurobiology of addiction, especially with regard to the effects of heroin and the developmental changes caused by cannabis, have been profiled in a variety of popular news and documentary sources. [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26]

Research

Hurd’s research focuses on the effects of cannabis and heroin on the brain. Her pre-clinical research is complemented with clinical laboratory investigations evaluating the therapeutic potential of medications such as the use of phytocannabinoids in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. [14] One area of concentration has set out to address the gateway drug theory. Her research showed that CBD could be considered as a potentially significant option for treating patients recovering from opioid abuse, a finding that has received public attention. [27] [3] [28] [29]

Grants

Ongoing research grants as of 2020:

Title, Role and Description
Title and No.RoleDescription
Cannabidiol in the treatment of opioid use disorder UG3 DA050323, NIH/NIDA [30] Principal InvestigatorConduct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies investigating the effects of cannabidiol in healthy controls and in individuals with opioid use disorder.
Translating CBD Treatment for Heroin Addiction; R01 DA048613, NIH/NIDA [31] Co-Principal InvestigatorA study of the neurobiological effects of CBD to reduce craving in human opioid users. [32]
Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms in human heroin abuse; 2P01DA008227, NIH/NIDA [33] Project Principal InvestigatorCharacterizing epigenetic networks in mesocorticolimbic structures underlying drug abuse in humans with complementary mechanistic studies in rodents.  
Cell Specificity of the Human Heroin Epigenome; R01 DA043247, NIH/NIDA [34] Co-Principal InvestigatorDetermining the epigenetic landscape of discrete cell populations in the prefrontal cortex of human heroin abusers.
Neurodevelopmental effects of cannabis and its epigenetic regulation; R01 DA030359, NIH/NIDA [35] Principal InvestigatorStudying the effects of prenatal and adolescent cannabis exposure on the developing brain and adult brain and behavior.
Prevention of the cardiovascular medical consequences of drug overdose; R01DA037317, NIH/NIDACo-InvestigatorEvaluation of (1) high-risk genetic polymorphisms that are predictive of drug overdose fatality; (2) serum biomarkers that predict tissue/organ injury from drug toxicity; and (3) prospective validation of a previously derived clinical risk tool in the Toxicology Investigators’ Consortium (TOXIC). [36]

Publications

Partial list ranked by third-party citations:

Professional affiliations

A partial list of professional affiliations and committees includes:

Elected Member, National Academy of Medicine; American Society for Neuroscience; New York Academy of Sciences; The College on Problems of Drug Dependence; Vice-Chair, ACNP Minority Task Force; Editorial Board Member, Biological Psychiatry; Brain & Behavior Research Foundation, Scientific Council member; Editorial Board Member, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research ; Editorial Board, National Academies’ Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, and member, the SfN Public Education and Communication Committee. [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51]

Professional societies include:

American College Neuropsychopharmacology, Society for Neuroscience, New York Academy of Sciences, College on Problems of Drug Dependence, and the Society for Biological Psychiatry. [52] [53] [54]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Recreational drug use</span> Use of drugs with the primary intention to alter the state of consciousness

Recreational drug use is the use of one or more psychoactive drugs to induce an altered state of consciousness, either for pleasure or for some other casual purpose or pastime. When a psychoactive drug enters the user's body, it induces an intoxicating effect. Recreational drugs are commonly divided into three categories: depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens.

The gateway drug effect is a comprehensive catchphrase for the often observed effect that the use of a psychoactive substance is coupled to an increased probability of the use of further substances. Possible reasons for the connection include environmental influence, impulsive people seeking both soft and hard drugs, alterations in the brain due to earlier substance exposure, as well as similar attitudes of people who use different substances, and therefore experience a "common liability to addiction". In 2020, the National Institute on Drug Abuse released a research report which supported allegations that marijuana is a "gateway" to more dangerous substance use; one of the peer-reviewed papers cited in the report claims that while "some studies have found that use of legal drugs or cannabis are not a requirement for the progression to other illicit drugs [...] most studies have supported the "gateway sequence"." However, a 2018 literature review conducted by the National Institute of Justice, which analyzed 23 peer-reviewed research studies, concluded "that existing statistical research and analysis relevant to the "gateway" hypothesis has produced mixed results", and that "no causal link between cannabis use and the use of other illicit drugs can be claimed at this time."

Cocaine dependence is a neurological disorder that is characterized by withdrawal symptoms upon cessation from cocaine use. It also often coincides with cocaine addiction which is a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by persistent use of cocaine and/or crack despite substantial harm and adverse consequences. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, classifies problematic cocaine use as a stimulant use disorder. The International Classification of Diseases, includes "Cocaine dependence" as a classification (diagnosis) under "Disorders due to use of cocaine".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kenneth L. Davis</span>

Kenneth L. Davis is the executive vice chairperson of the board of trustees at the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City, and an American author and medical researcher who developed the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, the most widely used tool to test the efficacy of treatments for Alzheimer's disease designed specifically to evaluate the severity of cognitive and noncognitive behavioral dysfunctions characteristic to persons with Alzheimer's disease. His research led to four of the first five FDA-approved drugs for Alzheimer's.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dennis S. Charney</span> American medical researcher

Dennis S. Charney is an American biological psychiatrist and researcher, with expertise in the neurobiology and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders. He is the author of Neurobiology of Mental Illness, The Physician's Guide to Depression and Bipolar Disorders and Molecular Biology for the Clinician, as well as the author of over 600 original papers and chapters. In 2022, he was listed #49 on Research.com's "Top Medicine Scientists in the United States," with an h-index of 218 with 173,960 citations across 887 publications. Charney is known for demonstrating that ketamine is effective for treating depression. Ketamine's use as a rapidly-acting anti-depressant is recognized as a breakthrough treatment in mental illness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Nutt</span> English neuropsychopharmacologist

David John Nutt is an English neuropsychopharmacologist specialising in the research of drugs that affect the brain and conditions such as addiction, anxiety, and sleep. He is the chairman of Drug Science, a non-profit which he founded in 2010 to provide independent, evidence-based information on drugs. Until 2009, he was a professor at the University of Bristol heading their Psychopharmacology Unit. Since then he has been the Edmond J Safra chair in Neuropsychopharmacology at Imperial College London and director of the Neuropsychopharmacology Unit in the Division of Brain Sciences there. Nutt was a member of the Committee on Safety of Medicines, and was President of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eric J. Nestler</span> Neuroscientist of addiction and depression

Eric J. Nestler is the Nash Family Professor of Neuroscience, Director of the Friedman Brain Institute, and Dean for Academic Affairs at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Chief Scientific Officer of the Mount Sinai Health System. His research is focused on a molecular approach to drug addiction and depression.

DrugScience

DrugScience or Drug Science (originally called the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs (ISCD)) is a UK-based drugs advisory committee proposed and initially funded by hedge fund manager Toby Jackson. It is chaired by Professor David Nutt and was officially launched on 15 January 2010 with the help of the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies. The primary aim of the committee is to review and investigate the scientific evidence of drug harms without the political interference that could result from government affiliation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Long-term effects of cannabis</span>

The long-term effects of cannabis have been the subject of ongoing debate. Given that the use of cannabis is illegal in most countries, clinical research presents a challenge and there is limited evidence from which to draw conclusions. In 2017, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine issued a report summarizing much of the published literature on health effects of cannabis, into categories regarded as conclusive, substantial, moderate, limited and of no or insufficient evidence to support an association with a particular outcome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Substance use disorder</span> Continual use of drugs (including alcohol) despite detrimental consequences

Substance use disorder (SUD) is the persistent use of drugs despite the substantial harm and adverse consequences to one's own self and others, as a result of their use. In perspective, the effects of the wrong use of substances that are capable of causing harm to the user or others, have been extensively described in different studies using a variety of terms such as substance use problems, problematic drugs or alcohol use, and substance use disorder.The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) states that "Substance use disorder (SUD) is a treatable mental disorder that affects a person's brain and behavior, leading to their inability to control their use of substances like legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, or medications. Symptoms can be moderate to severe, with addiction being the most severe form of SUD".Substance use disorders (SUD) are considered to be a serious mental illness that fluctuates with the age that symptoms first start appearing in an individual, the time during which it exists and the type of substance that is used. It is not uncommon for those who have SUD to also have other mental health disorders. Substance use disorders are characterized by an array of mental/emotional, physical, and behavioral problems such as chronic guilt; an inability to reduce or stop consuming the substance(s) despite repeated attempts; operating vehicles while intoxicated; and physiological withdrawal symptoms. Drug classes that are commonly involved in SUD include: alcohol (alcoholism); cannabis; opioids; stimulants such as nicotine (including tobacco), cocaine and amphetamines; benzodiazepines; barbiturates; and other substances.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Addiction</span> Disorder resulting in compulsive behaviours

Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces natural reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences. Repetitive drug use often alters brain function in ways that perpetuate craving, and weakens self-control. This phenomenon – drugs reshaping brain function – has led to an understanding of addiction as a brain disorder with a complex variety of psychosocial as well as neurobiological factors that are implicated in addiction's development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis use disorder</span> Continued use of cannabis despite clinically significant impairment

Cannabis use disorder (CUD), also known as cannabis addiction or marijuana addiction, is a psychiatric disorder defined in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and ICD-10 as the continued use of cannabis despite clinically significant impairment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Psychoactive drug</span> Chemical substance that alters nervous system function

A psychoactive drug, mind-altering drug, or consciousness-altering drug is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior. The term psychotropic drug is often used interchangeably, while some sources present narrower definitions. These substances may be used medically; recreationally; to purposefully improve performance or alter one's consciousness; as entheogens for ritual, spiritual, or shamanic purposes; or for research, including psychedelic therapy. Some categories of psychoactive drugs, which have therapeutic value, are prescribed by physicians and other healthcare practitioners. Examples include anesthetics, analgesics, anticonvulsant and antiparkinsonian drugs as well as medications used to treat neuropsychiatric disorders, such as antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, and stimulant medications. Some psychoactive substances may be used in the detoxification and rehabilitation programs for persons dependent on or addicted to other psychoactive drugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mark S. Gold</span>

Mark S. Gold is an American physician, professor, author, and researcher on the effects of opioids, cocaine, tobacco, and other drugs as well as food on the brain and behavior. He is married to Janice Finn Gold.

Addiction vulnerability is an individual's risk of developing an addiction during their lifetime. There are a range of genetic and environmental risk factors for developing an addiction that vary across the population. Genetic and environmental risk factors each account for roughly half of an individual's risk for developing an addiction; the contribution from epigenetic risk factors to the total risk is unknown. Even in individuals with a relatively low genetic risk, exposure to sufficiently high doses of an addictive drug for a long period of time can result in an addiction. In other words, anyone can become an individual with a substance use disorder under particular circumstances. Research is working toward establishing a comprehensive picture of the neurobiology of addiction vulnerability, including all factors at work in propensity for addiction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Giulio Maria Pasinetti</span>

Giulio Maria Pasinetti is the Program Director of the Center on Molecular Integrative Neuroresilience and is the Saunders Family Chair in Neurology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS) in New York City. Pasinetti is a Professor of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine at ISMMS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erin Calipari</span> American pharmacologist and researcher

Erin S. Calipari is an Associate Professor of Pharmacology at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences. Calipari looks to understand the brain circuitry that is used for adaptive and maladaptive processes in reward, associative learning and motivation.

Anne Schaefer is a neuroscientist, professor of Neuroscience, vice-chair of Neuroscience, and director of the Center for Glial Biology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City. Schaefer investigates the epigenetic mechanisms of cellular plasticity and their role in the regulation of microglia-neuron interactions. Her research is aimed at understanding the mechanisms underlying various neuropsychiatric disorders and finding novel ways to target the epigenome therapeutically.

Uraina Simone Clark is an American neuroscientist and Director of the Neuropsychology and Neuroimaging Laboratory at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Her research makes use of functional magnetic resonance imaging to understand how stressors impact brain and behaviour. She has studied the impact of discrimination on brain function, and shown that social discrimination results in an increase in amygdala function.

Mary Kay Lobo is an American psychiatric neuroscientist who is a Professor of Neurobiology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Her research considers the molecular mechanisms that underpin drug addiction and depression. She was named a finalist in the 2011 Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists.

References

  1. ↑ neuroscienceoutreach (2020-09-21). "Dr. Yasmin Hurd". Scientist on the Subway. Retrieved 2021-03-17.
  2. 1 2 3 "Yasmin Hurd - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai". Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  3. 1 2 Burns, Janet. "CBD May Reduce Cravings, Anxiety In Recovering Heroin Abusers". Forbes. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
  4. ↑ "Meet Our Team | Mount Sinai - New York". Mount Sinai Health System. Retrieved 2020-07-08.
  5. ↑ "Yasmin L. Hurd, Ph.D." Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. 2019-08-27. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  6. 1 2 Hurd, Yasmin. "Yasmin Hurd | Speaker | TED". www.ted.com. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  7. 1 2 "Yasmin Hurd". TEDMED. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  8. ↑ Full CNN Documentary Weed Part 4 with Dr. Sanjay Gupta!, 30 April 2018, retrieved 2021-03-16
  9. ↑ "Marijuana Could Ease Burden of Opioid Addiction". GEN - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News. 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  10. 1 2 "Yasmin Hurd: Marijuana and the Young Brain". www.brainfacts.org. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
  11. ↑ "Faces of Drug Abuse Research: Yasmin L Hurd, Ph.D." DrugMonkey. 6 February 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  12. 1 2 "242: Dr. Yasmin Hurd: Paving Pathways to Success Studying Substance Abuse and the Brain". People Behind the Science Podcast. 2015-04-08. Retrieved 2019-09-22.
  13. 1 2 "Yasmin Hurd | Mount Sinai - New York". Mount Sinai Health System. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
  14. 1 2 "DR. YASMIN HURD". Canna Tech Global. Retrieved 2019-09-22.
  15. ↑ "Yasmin L. Hurd, PhD, Named Director Of MD-PhD Program At Mount Sinai School Of Medicine".
  16. ↑ "CSR Advisory Council | NIH Center for Scientific Review". public.csr.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  17. ↑ "Scopus". Scopus.com. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  18. ↑ "Pot is not 'more dangerous than alcohol'? Science lacking on Obama's claim". Boston.com. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  19. ↑ Dr. Yasmin Hurd. "Dangerous Substance" (PDF). Icahn.mssm.edu. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  20. ↑ "Cannabis Effects Visit Sons Unto the 3rd Generation". Medpagetoday.com. 14 November 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  21. ↑ "Yasmin Hurd". Newyork.cbslocal.com. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  22. ↑ "Reefer madness: neurologist Professor Yasmin Hurd". sixtyminutes. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  23. ↑ BCRP - Chantal Pesant. "Perception of marijuana as a "safe drug" is scientifically inaccurate". Nouvelles.umontreal.ca. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  24. ↑ "The Business of Drugs Season 1 premiere recap: Cocaine". Show Snob. 2020-07-20. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  25. ↑ "Yasmin Hurd". TEDMED. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  26. ↑ "Yasmin Hurd Archives". Freakonomics. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  27. ↑ "Neuropsychopharmacology Podcast: The Gateway Hypothesis of Addiction on Apple Podcasts". Apple Podcasts. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
  28. ↑ Hurd, Yasmin L.; Spriggs, Sharron; Alishayev, Julia; Winkel, Gary; Gurgov, Kristina; Kudrich, Chris; Oprescu, Anna M.; Salsitz, Edwin (2019-05-21). "Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 176 (11): 911–922. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101191. ISSN   1535-7228. PMID   31109198. S2CID   160012527.
  29. ↑ Hurd, Yasmin L. (March 2017). "Cannabidiol: Swinging the Marijuana Pendulum From 'Weed' to Medication to Treat the Opioid Epidemic". Trends in Neurosciences. 40 (3): 124–127. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2016.12.006. ISSN   0166-2236. PMID   28162799. S2CID   3848888.
  30. ↑ Hurd, Yasmin. "Cannabidiol in the treatment of opioid use disorder".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  31. ↑ Wang, An-Li; Hurd, Yasmin. "Translating CBD Treatment for Heroin Addiction".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  32. ↑ "CBD oil may help limit cravings and anxiety in heroin users, study finds". NBC News. 21 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
  33. ↑ Hurd, Yasmin. "Transcriptional and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Human Heroin Abuse".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  34. ↑ Hurd, Yasmin; Dracheva, Stella. "Cell Specificity of the Human Heroin Epigenome".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  35. ↑ Hurd, Yasmin. "Neurodevelopmental Effects of Cannabis and its Epigenetic Regulation".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  36. ↑ "Project Information - NIH RePORTER - NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results". projectreporter.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
  37. ↑ Maze, Ian; Covington, Herbert E.; Dietz, David M.; LaPlant, Quincey; Renthal, William; Russo, Scott J.; Mechanic, Max; Mouzon, Ezekiell; Neve, Rachael L.; Haggarty, Stephen J.; Ren, Yanhua (2010-01-08). "Essential role of the histone methyltransferase G9a in cocaine-induced plasticity". Science. 327 (5962): 213–216. Bibcode:2010Sci...327..213M. doi:10.1126/science.1179438. ISSN   1095-9203. PMC   2820240 . PMID   20056891.
  38. ↑ Maze, Ian; Covington, Herbert E.; Dietz, David M.; LaPlant, Quincey; Renthal, William; Russo, Scott J.; Mechanic, Max; Mouzon, Ezekiell; Neve, Rachael L.; Haggarty, Stephen J.; Ren, Yanhua (2010-01-08). "Essential Role of the Histone Methyltransferase G9a in Cocaine-Induced Plasticity". Science. 327 (5962): 213–216. Bibcode:2010Sci...327..213M. doi:10.1126/science.1179438. ISSN   0036-8075. PMC   2820240 . PMID   20056891.
  39. ↑ LaPlant, Quincey; Vialou, Vincent; Covington, Herbert E.; Dumitriu, Dani; Feng, Jian; Warren, Brandon L.; Maze, Ian; Dietz, David M.; Watts, Emily L.; Iñiguez, Sergio D.; Koo, Ja Wook (September 2010). "Dnmt3a regulates emotional behavior and spine plasticity in the nucleus accumbens". Nature Neuroscience. 13 (9): 1137–1143. doi:10.1038/nn.2619. ISSN   1546-1726. PMC   2928863 . PMID   20729844.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Google Scholar" . Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  41. ↑ Caberlotto, Laura; Hurd, Yasmin L.; Murdock, Paul; Wahlin, Jean Philippe; Melotto, Sergio; Corsi, Mauro; Carletti, Renzo (2003). "Neurokinin 1 receptor and relative abundance of the short and long isoforms in the human brain". European Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (9): 1736–1746. doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02600.x. ISSN   1460-9568. PMID   12752772. S2CID   22031596.
  42. ↑ Östlund, Hanna; Keller, Eva; Hurd, Yasmin L. (2003). "Estrogen Receptor Gene Expression in Relation to Neuropsychiatric Disorders". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1007 (1): 54–63. Bibcode:2003NYASA1007...54O. doi:10.1196/annals.1286.006. ISSN   1749-6632. PMID   14993040. S2CID   19627839.
  43. ↑ Österlund, Marie; G.J.M. Kuiper, George; Gustafsson, Jan-Åke; Hurd, Yasmin L (1998-02-01). "Differential distribution and regulation of estrogen receptor-α and -β mRNA within the female rat brain1First published on the World Wide Web on 10 December 1997.1". Molecular Brain Research. 54 (1): 175–180. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(97)00351-3. ISSN   0169-328X. PMID   9526077.
  44. ↑ Caberlotto, Laura; Jimenez, Patricia; Overstreet, David H.; Hurd, Yasmin L.; Mathé, Aleksander A.; Fuxe, Kjell (April 1999). "Alterations in neuropeptide Y levels and Y1 binding sites in the Flinders Sensitive Line rats, a genetic animal model of depression". Neuroscience Letters. 265 (3): 191–194. doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00234-7. PMID   10327163. S2CID   38353528.
  45. ↑ Hurd, Yasmin L.; Herkenham, Miles (1993). "Molecular alterations in the neostriatum of human cocaine addicts". Synapse. 13 (4): 357–369. doi:10.1002/syn.890130408. ISSN   1098-2396. PMID   7683144. S2CID   21878092.
  46. ↑ "Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research | Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers". home.liebertpub.com. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
  47. ↑ "Society of Addiction Biology". Wiley Online Library. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  48. ↑ "Public Education and Communication Committee". www.sfn.org. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
  49. ↑ "242: Dr. Yasmin Hurd: Paving Pathways to Success Studying Substance Abuse and the Brain". People Behind the Science Podcast. 2015-04-08. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
  50. ↑ National Academy of Medicine (2017). "Annual Report" (PDF).
  51. ↑ "ACNP Council Meeting Minutes" (PDF). December 11, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  52. ↑ "SfN18: Celebrating Women in Science Luncheon". Dana Foundation. 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
  53. ↑ "Yasmin L. Hurd, Ph.D." Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. 2019-08-27. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
  54. ↑ Szutorisz, Henrietta; Hurd, Yasmin L. (2016-04-01). "Epigenetic Effects of Cannabis Exposure". Biological Psychiatry. 79 (7): 586–594. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.09.014. ISSN   0006-3223. PMC   4789113 . PMID   26546076.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.