Yiwen Leiju | |||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 藝 文 類 聚 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 艺 文 类 聚 | ||||||
Literal meaning | Collection of Literature Arranged by Categories | ||||||
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The Yiwen Leiju,or Encyclopedia of Literary Collections, [1] is a Chinese leishu encyclopedia completed by Ouyang Xun in 624 under the Tang. Other contributors include Linghu Defen and Chen Shuda.
Yiwen Leiju is divided into 47 sections and many subsections,covering a vast number of subjects and including many quotations from older works,which are well cited. [2]
The Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China is a vast encyclopedic work written in China during the reigns of the Qing dynasty emperors Kangxi and Yongzheng. It was begun in 1700 and completed in 1725. The work was headed and compiled mainly by scholar Chen Menglei (陳夢雷). Later on the Chinese painter Jiang Tingxi helped work on it as well.
The Book of the Later Han,also known as the History of the Later Han and by its Chinese name Hou Hanshu,is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the history of the Han dynasty from 6 to 189 CE,a period known as the Later or Eastern Han. The book was compiled by Fan Ye and others in the 5th century during the Liu Song dynasty,using a number of earlier histories and documents as sources.
Cefu Yuangui (冊府元龜) is the largest leishu (encyclopedia) compiled during the Chinese Song Dynasty (AD 960–1279). It was the last of the Four Great Books of Song,the previous three having been published in the 10th century.
Ouyang Xun,courtesy name Xinben,was a Chinese calligrapher,politician,and writer of the early Tang dynasty. He was born in Hunan,Changsha,to a family of government officials;and died in modern Anhui province.
The Fangyan is a Chinese dictionary compiled in the early 1st century CE by the poet and philosopher Yang Xiong. It was the first Chinese dictionary to include significant regional vocabulary,and is considered the "most significant lexicographic work" of its era. His dictionary's preface explains how he spent 27 years amassing and collating the dictionary. Yang collected regionalisms from many sources,particularly the 'light carriage' surveys made during the Zhou and Qin dynasties,where imperial emissaries were sent into the countryside annually to record folk songs and idioms from across China,reaching as far north as Korea.
The leishu is a genre of reference books historically compiled in China and other East Asian countries. The term is generally translated as "encyclopedia",although the leishu are quite different from the modern notion of encyclopedia.
Wang Fanzhi or Brahmacarin Wang was a Chinese Buddhist poet born in Hebi,Henan during the Tang dynasty. He is the putative author of two collections of early Tang vernacular poetry. The language can be dated to the 8th century. Very few of the poems were known until the Dunhuang manuscripts were discovered in the early 20th century.
Empress Dowager Xia (夏太后),possibly Xia Wangfeng (夏王豐),was an empress dowager of the Chinese Liang dynasty. She was the mother of Emperor Jing.
Zu Jia (祖甲) or Di Jia (帝甲),personal name ZǐZǎi (子載),was a Shang dynasty King of China. He was the third recorded son of Wu Ding,the first Chinese monarch verified by contemporary records. Having inherited a large area of lands conquered by his father and brother,he led the Shang kingdom through the last brief period of stability. After his reign,Shang went into irreversible decline.
Sino-Platonic Papers is a scholarly monographic series published by the University of Pennsylvania. The chief focus of the series is on the intercultural relations of China and Central Asia with other peoples. The journal was established in 1986 by Victor H. Mair,to publish and encourage "unconventional or controversial" research by "younger,not yet well established,scholars and independent authors".
Linghu Defen (583–666),formally Duke Xian of Pengyang (彭陽憲公),was a Chinese historian and politician. He was an official of the Chinese Sui and Tang dynasties. During the Tang era,he was a major proponent for the compilation of the histories of the Sui and its predecessor the Northern Zhou. He was eventually put in charge of compiling Northern Zhou's official history,Book of Zhou,which was completed in 636.
Chinese encyclopedias comprise both Chinese language encyclopedias and foreign language ones about China or Chinese topics. There is a type of native Chinese reference work called leishu that is sometimes translated as "encyclopedia",but although these collections of quotations from classic texts are expansively "encyclopedic",a leishu is more accurately described as a "compendium" or "anthology". The long history of Chinese encyclopedias began with the Huanglanleishu and continues with online encyclopedias such as the Baike Encyclopedia.
The Heavenly Sovereign was the first legendary Chinese king after Pangu's era. According to Yiwen Leiju,he was the first of the Three Sovereigns.
The Earthly Sovereign was the second legendary Chinese king after Pangu's era. According to Yiwen Leiju,he was the second of the Three Sovereigns.
Chen Shutong was a Chinese politician,scholar and administrator who served in the governments of the Qing Dynasty,the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China. He belonged to a very small group of imperial Mandarins that survived and prospered under the Communist government of Mao Zedong.
The Huanglan or Imperial Mirror was one of the oldest Chinese encyclopedias or leishu "classified dictionary". Cao Pi,the first emperor of the Wei,ordered its compilation upon his accession to the throne in 220 and it was completed in 222. The purpose of the Huanglan was to provide the emperor and ministers of state with conveniently arranged summaries of all that was known at the time. Complete versions of the Huanglan existed until the Song dynasty (960-1279),when it became a mostly lost work,although some fragments did survive in other encyclopedias and anthologies. The Huanglan was the prototype of the classified encyclopedia and served as a model for later ones such as the (624) Tang Yiwen Leiju and the (1408) Ming Yongle dadian.
The Chinese term zhī (芝) commonly means "fungi;mushroom",best exemplified by the medicinal Lingzhi mushroom,but in Daoism it referred to a class of supernatural plant,animal,and mineral substances that were said to confer instantaneous xian immortality when ingested. In the absence of a semantically better English word,scholars have translated the wide-ranging meaning of zhi as "excrescences","exudations",and "cryptogams".
The RuijūKarin (類聚歌林) was a Japanese waka anthology compiled by Yamanoue no Okura.
Fan Shengzhi shu was a Chinese agricultural text from the Han dynasty,written by Fan Shengzhi in the first century BC. The book was lost in the 11th- or 12th-century Song dynasty,possibly during the Jurchen invasion. Several fragments of the text have survived as quotations in other books including Qimin Yaoshu,Beitang Shuchao,Yiwen Leiju,and Taiping Yulan.
Shilin Guangji is an encyclopedia written by Chen Yuanjing during the Yuan dynasty. The book contains text written in Chinese characters,Mongolian script,and the ʼPhags-pa script. Chen Yuanjing was a native of Chong'an (崇安) in Fujian and was born during the later years of the Southern Song dynasty. The encyclopedia contains a wealth of info on the daily life during the Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty,including illustrations,maps and cartography. Among historical texts,it was easy to understand and popular even after the Yuan dynasty. Chen's book was used by scholars during the Ming and Qing dynasties to compile their own encyclopedias.