p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53, or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins are crucial in vertebrates, where they prevent cancer formation. As such, p53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome" because of its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation. Hence TP53 is classified as a tumor suppressor gene.
Z-DNA is one of the many possible double helical structures of DNA. It is a left-handed double helical structure in which the helix winds to the left in a zigzag pattern, instead of to the right, like the more common B-DNA form. Z-DNA is thought to be one of three biologically active double-helical structures along with A-DNA and B-DNA.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication. PCNA is a homotrimer and achieves its processivity by encircling the DNA, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and epigenetics.
Histone H4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIST4H4 gene.
Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD17 gene.
The double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase enzyme family are encoded by the ADAR family genes. ADAR stands for adenosine deaminase acting on RNA. This article focuses on the ADAR proteins; This article details the evolutionary history, structure, function, mechanisms and importance of all proteins within this family.
Nucleoporin 214 (Nup2014) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUP214 gene.
Replication factor C subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC4 gene.
Replication factor C subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC2 gene.
Replication factor C subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC3 gene.
Replication factor C subunit 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC5 gene.
Aly/REF export factor, also known as THO complex subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ALYREF gene.
Kinesin-like protein KIF22 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIF22 gene.
Suppressor of SWI4 1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPAN gene.
DNA/RNA-binding protein KIN17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIN gene.
THO complex subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THOC1 gene.
Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CPSF4 gene.
Zinc finger CCCH-type antiviral protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZC3HAV1 gene.
THO complex subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THOC2 gene.
HBx is a hepatitis B viral protein. It is 154 amino acids long and interferes with transcription, signal transduction, cell cycle progress, protein degradation, apoptosis and chromosomal stability in the host. It forms a heterodimeric complex with its cellular target protein, and this interaction dysregulates centrosome dynamics and mitotic spindle formation. It interacts with DDB1 redirecting the ubiquitin ligase activity of the CUL4-DDB1 E3 complexes, which are intimately involved in the intracellular regulation of DNA replication and repair, transcription and signal transduction.
