Zainal Abidin Shah زين العابدين شاه | |||||||||
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Sultan of Pahang | |||||||||
Reign | 1540–1555 | ||||||||
Predecessor | Muzaffar Shah | ||||||||
Successor | Mansur Shah II | ||||||||
Died | 1555 | ||||||||
Spouse | Raja Putri Dewi Tun Kamala | ||||||||
Issue | Raja Mansur Raja Jamal Raja Kadir Raja Putri Khalija Raja Putri Bongsu | ||||||||
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House | Malacca | ||||||||
Father | Mahmud Shah | ||||||||
Mother | Raja Putri Olah binti al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad | ||||||||
Religion | Sunni Islam |
Sultan Zainal Abidin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Shah (died 1555) was the seventh Sultan of Pahang and reigned from 1540 to 1555. [1] He succeeded his elder brother Sultan Muzaffar Shah on his death in 1540. [2]
Known as Raja Zainal before his accession, [3] Zainal Abidin Shah was the younger son of the fifth Sultan of Pahang, Mahmud Shah by his first wife, Raja Putri Olah binti al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad. [4] He was married first to his second cousin, Raja Putri Dewi, daughter of Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca by a Kelantanese princess, Putri Onang Kening. He had four children from this marriage, two sons, Raja Mansur, and Raja Jamal, and two daughters, Puteri Khalijah and Puteri Bongsu. Zainal Abidin's second wife was a non-royal, Tun Gemala, daughter of his Bendahara, Seri Buana. By her, he had a son Raja Abdul Kadir. [5] In addition he had eighteen children by his junior wives and concubines. Puteri Khalijah married her first cousin Raja Mahmud, son of Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor. Raja Mahmud settled in Pahang and died there. [6]
The reign of Sultan Zainal Abidin saw the renewed attempts by the rump state of the Malacca Sultanate based in Johor to retake the city of Malacca, under the leadership of Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor. In 1547, the combined forces from Johor, Pahang and Perak, consisting of three hundred sailed ships and eight thousand men were assembled in the Muar River. The objective of these forces was unknown but Portuguese Malacca was informed that the fleet was there in preparation to attack the Aceh Sultanate. The Portuguese grew to suspect that the forces' real intention was to attack Malacca. Later, a Portuguese plan to assemble a large fleet to intercept the Malay forces was leaked, prompting the dispersal of the Malay forces in the Muar River. A few years later in 1550, another attempt to take Malacca was made by the combined forces of Johor, Pahang and Perak. Rumours spread that the Portuguese warships were harassing the harbours of Pahang leading to the Pahangese fleet retreating to defend their capital. In the face of superior Portuguese arms and vessels, the combined Malay forces were forced to retreat. [7]
Sultan Zainal Abidin died around 1555 and was posthumously styled Marhum di Bukit ('the late ruler who was buried on the hill'). It may be that he was buried in Makam Nibong, on top of a hill in Pekan Lama, the ancient name for which was Makam Tembuni ('the graveyard of the cauls'). He was succeeded by his eldest son, Raja Mansur. [8]
The Johor Sultanate was founded by Sultan of Malacca Mahmud Shah's son, Alauddin Riayat Shah II in 1528.
Sultan Mahmud Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah ruled the Sultanate of Malacca from 1488 to 1511, and again as pretender to the throne from 1513 to 1528. He was son to Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah. As a monarch, he was known to be ruthless ruler. After the capture of Malacca and the downfall of the century long sultanate; Mahmud left for Bintan and became a leader of a small confederacy which led attacks against Portuguese-occupied Malacca in the late 1510s. After retaliation from the Portuguese in 1526, he fled to Riau and died there in 1528.
The Abidin Mosque is Terengganu's old state royal mosque built by Sultan Zainal Abidin II between 1793 and 1808. The mosque, which is also known as the White Mosque or the Big Mosque, is located in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. The old Royal Mausoleum is situated near the mosque.
Laksamana Tun Abdul JamilPaduka Raja was a Malay warrior of the Johor Sultanate. He played a major role in trying to wrest Malacca from Portuguese control.
Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Shah was the first Sultan of Johor and ruled from 1528 to 1564. He founded the Johor Sultanate following the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511. He was the second son of Mahmud Shah of Malacca. Thus, Johor was a successor state of Malacca and Johor's sultans follow the numbering system of Malacca. Throughout his reign, he faced constant threats from the Portuguese as well as the emerging Aceh Sultanate.
Sultan of Pahang is the title of the hereditary constitutional head of Pahang, Malaysia. The current sultan is Al-Sultan Abdullah ibni Sultan Ahmad Shah. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state. Historically, the title was also used by rulers of the Old Pahang Sultanate.
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Sultan Mahmud Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Shah was the fifth Sultan of Pahang from 1519 to 1530. He succeeded his cousin, Mansur Shah I upon his death in 1519. His eleven years reign was marked with close relations with his namesake Mahmud Shah, the last Sultan of Malacca, in supporting the latter's struggle against the Portuguese in Malacca, bringing Pahang into a number of armed conflicts with Portugal.
Sultan Muzaffar Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Shah was the sixth Sultan of Pahang from 1530 to 1540. Known as Raja Muzaffar before his ascension, he was the eldest son of the fifth Sultan of Pahang, Mahmud Shah by his first wife, Raja Putri Olah binti al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad. He succeeded his father on his death in 1530.
Sultan Mansur Shah II ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin Shah was the eighth Sultan of Pahang reigning from 1555 to 1560. He succeeded his father Sultan Zainal Abidin Shah on his death in 1555.
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Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah was the 13th Sultan of Pahang reigning from 1614 to 1615. He seized the throne after killing his father, Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah and elder brother, the heir apparent Raja Abdullah. His name esd identified based on the discovery of a treaty with his seal attached, in the Portuguese National Archives in Lisbon.
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The Pahang Sultanate also referred as the Old Pahang Sultanate, as opposed to the modern Pahang Sultanate, was a Malay Muslim state established in the eastern Malay Peninsula in the 15th century. At the height of its influence, the sultanate was an important power in Southeast Asia and controlled the entire Pahang basin, bordering the Pattani Sultanate to the north and the Johor Sultanate to the south. To the west, its jurisdiction extended over parts of modern-day Selangor and Negeri Sembilan.
The Pahang Kingdom was a Malay state that existed from 1770 to 1881, and is the immediate predecessor of the modern Malaysian state of Pahang. The kingdom came into existence with the consolidation of power by the Bendahara family in Pahang, following the gradual dismemberment of Johor Empire. A self rule was established in Pahang in the late 18th century, with Tun Abdul Majid declared as the first Raja Bendahara. The area around Pahang formed a part of the hereditary domains attached to this title and administered directly by the Raja Bendahara. The weakening of the Johor sultanate and the disputed succession to the throne was matched by an increasing independence of the great territorial magnates; the Bendahara in Pahang, the Temenggong in Johor and Singapore, and the Yamtuan Muda in Riau.
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