AMD PowerTune

Last updated

AMD PowerTune
AMD PowerTune Technology logo 2014.svg
Design firm Advanced Micro Devices
IntroducedDecember 2011
Type Dynamic frequency scaling

AMD PowerTune is a series of dynamic frequency scaling technologies built into some AMD GPUs and APUs that allow the clock speed of the processor to be dynamically changed (to different P-states) by software. This allows the processor to meet the instantaneous performance needs of the operation being performed, while minimizing power draw, heat generation and noise avoidance. AMD PowerTune aims to solve thermal design power and performance constraints. [1]

Contents

Besides the reduced energy consumption, AMD PowerTune helps to lower the noise levels created by the cooling in desktop computers, and extends battery life in mobile devices. AMD PowerTune is the successor to AMD PowerPlay. [2]

Support for "PowerPlay" was added to the Linux kernel driver "amdgpu" on November 11, 2015. [3]

As a lecture from CCC in 2014 shows, AMD's x86-64 SMU firmware is executed on some LatticeMico32 and PowerTune was modeled using Matlab. [4] This is similar to Nvidia's PDAEMON, the RTOS responsible for power on their GPUs. [5]

Overview

Architecture of the PowerTune version, that was introduced with GCN1.1-chips, such as the Bonaire AMD PowerTune Bonaire.svg
Architecture of the PowerTune version, that was introduced with GCN1.1-chips, such as the Bonaire

AMD PowerTune was introduced in the TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) with Radeon HD 6900 on 15 December 2010 and has been available in different development stages on Radeon- and AMD FirePro-branded products ever since.

Over the years, reviews which document the development of AMD PowerTune have been published by AnandTech. [6] [7] [8] [9]

An additional technology named AMD ZeroCore Power has been available since the Radeon HD 7000 series, implementing the Graphics Core Next microarchitecture.

The pointlessness of a fixed clock frequency was accredited in January 2014 by SemiAccurate. [10]

Operating system support

Support for PowerTune is contained in the Linux kernel device driver amdgpu. Linux AMD graphics stack.svg
Support for PowerTune is contained in the Linux kernel device driver amdgpu.

AMD Catalyst is available for Microsoft Windows and Linux and supports AMD PowerTune since version.[ which? ]

The free and open-source "Radeon" graphics device driver has some support for AMD PowerTune, see "Enduro". [11]

Feature overview for AMD APUs

The following table shows features of AMD's processors with 3D graphics, including APUs (see also: List of AMD processors with 3D graphics).

PlatformHigh, standard and low powerLow and ultra-low power
CodenameServerBasic Toronto
Micro Kyoto
DesktopPerformance Raphael Phoenix
Mainstream Llano Trinity Richland Kaveri Kaveri Refresh (Godavari) Carrizo Bristol Ridge Raven Ridge Picasso Renoir Cezanne
Entry
Basic Kabini Dalí
MobilePerformance Renoir Cezanne Rembrandt Dragon Range
Mainstream Llano Trinity Richland Kaveri Carrizo Bristol Ridge Raven Ridge Picasso Renoir
Lucienne
Cezanne
Barceló
Phoenix
Entry Dalí Mendocino
Basic Desna, Ontario, Zacate Kabini, Temash Beema, Mullins Carrizo-L Stoney Ridge Pollock
Embedded Trinity Bald Eagle Merlin Falcon,
Brown Falcon
Great Horned Owl Grey Hawk Ontario, Zacate Kabini Steppe Eagle, Crowned Eagle,
LX-Family
Prairie Falcon Banded Kestrel River Hawk
ReleasedAug 2011Oct 2012Jun 2013Jan 20142015Jun 2015Jun 2016Oct 2017Jan 2019Mar 2020Jan 2021Jan 2022Sep 2022Jan 2023Jan 2011May 2013Apr 2014May 2015Feb 2016Apr 2019Jul 2020Jun 2022Nov 2022
CPU microarchitecture K10 Piledriver Steamroller Excavator "Excavator+" [12] Zen Zen+ Zen 2 Zen 3 Zen 3+ Zen 4 Bobcat Jaguar Puma Puma+ [13] "Excavator+" Zen Zen+ "Zen 2+"
ISA x86-64 v1 x86-64 v2 x86-64 v3 x86-64 v4 x86-64 v1 x86-64 v2 x86-64 v3
Socket DesktopPerformance AM5
Mainstream AM4
Entry FM1 FM2 FM2+ FM2+ [lower-alpha 1] , AM4 AM4
Basic AM1 FP5
Other FS1 FS1+, FP2 FP3 FP4 FP5 FP6 FP7 FL1FP7
FP7r2
FP8
 ? FT1 FT3 FT3b FP4 FP5 FT5 FP5 FT6
PCI Express version2.03.04.05.04.02.03.0
CXL
Fab. (nm) GF 32SHP
(HKMG SOI)
GF 28SHP
(HKMG bulk)
GF 14LPP
(FinFET bulk)
GF 12LP
(FinFET bulk)
TSMC N7
(FinFET bulk)
TSMC N6
(FinFET bulk)
CCD: TSMC N5
(FinFET bulk)

cIOD: TSMC N6
(FinFET bulk)
TSMC 4nm
(FinFET bulk)
TSMC N40
(bulk)
TSMC N28
(HKMG bulk)
GF 28SHP
(HKMG bulk)
GF 14LPP
(FinFET bulk)
GF 12LP
(FinFET bulk)
TSMC N6
(FinFET bulk)
Die area (mm2)228246245245250210 [14] 156180210CCD: (2x) 70
cIOD: 122
17875 (+ 28 FCH)107 ?125149~100
Min TDP (W)3517121015105354.543.95106128
Max APU TDP (W)10095654517054182565415
Max stock APU base clock (GHz)33.84.14.13.73.83.63.73.84.03.34.74.31.752.222.23.22.61.23.352.8
Max APUs per node [lower-alpha 2] 11
Max core dies per CPU1211
Max CCX per core die1211
Max cores per CCX482424
Max CPU [lower-alpha 3] cores per APU481682424
Max threads per CPU core1212
Integer pipeline structure3+32+24+24+2+11+3+3+1+21+1+1+12+24+24+2+1
i386, i486, i586, CMOV, NOPL, i686, PAE, NX bit, CMPXCHG16B, AMD-V, RVI, ABM, and 64-bit LAHF/SAHFYes check.svgYes check.svg
IOMMU [lower-alpha 4] v2v1v2
BMI1, AES-NI, CLMUL, and F16C Yes check.svgYes check.svg
MOVBEYes check.svg
AVIC, BMI2, RDRAND, and MWAITX/MONITORXYes check.svg
SME [lower-alpha 5] , TSME [lower-alpha 5] , ADX, SHA, RDSEED, SMAP, SMEP, XSAVEC, XSAVES, XRSTORS, CLFLUSHOPT, CLZERO, and PTE CoalescingYes check.svgYes check.svg
GMET, WBNOINVD, CLWB, QOS, PQE-BW, RDPID, RDPRU, and MCOMMITYes check.svgYes check.svg
MPK, VAES Yes check.svg
SGX
FPUs per core 10.5110.51
Pipes per FPU22
FPU pipe width128-bit256-bit80-bit128-bit256-bit
CPU instruction set SIMD level SSE4a [lower-alpha 6] AVX AVX2 AVX-512 SSSE3 AVX AVX2
3DNow! 3DNow!+
PREFETCH/PREFETCHW Yes check.svgYes check.svg
GFNI Yes check.svg
AMX
FMA4, LWP, TBM, and XOP Yes check.svgYes check.svg
FMA3 Yes check.svgYes check.svg
AMD XDNA Yes check.svg
L1 data cache per core (KiB)64163232
L1 data cache associativity (ways)2488
L1 instruction caches per core 10.5110.51
Max APU total L1 instruction cache (KiB)2561281922565122566412896128
L1 instruction cache associativity (ways)23482348
L2 caches per core 10.5110.51
Max APU total L2 cache (MiB)424161212
L2 cache associativity (ways)168168
Max on--die L3 cache per CCX (MiB)416324
Max 3D V-Cache per CCD (MiB)64
Max total in-CCD L3 cache per APU (MiB)4816644
Max. total 3D V-Cache per APU (MiB)64
Max. board L3 cache per APU (MiB)
Max total L3 cache per APU (MiB)48161284
APU L3 cache associativity (ways)1616
L3 cache scheme Victim Victim
Max. L4 cache
Max stock DRAM support DDR3-1866DDR3-2133DDR3-2133, DDR4-2400DDR4-2400DDR4-2933DDR4-3200, LPDDR4-4266 DDR5-4800, LPDDR5-6400 DDR5-5200 DDR5-5600, LPDDR5x-7500 DDR3L-1333DDR3L-1600DDR3L-1866DDR3-1866, DDR4-2400DDR4-2400DDR4-1600DDR4-3200LPDDR5-5500
Max DRAM channels per APU21212
Max stock DRAM bandwidth (GB/s) per APU29.86634.13238.40046.93268.256102.40083.200120.00010.66612.80014.93319.20038.40012.80051.20088.000
GPU microarchitecture TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) GCN 2nd gen GCN 3rd gen GCN 5th gen [15] RDNA 2 RDNA 3 TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) GCN 2nd gen GCN 3rd gen [15] GCN 5th gen RDNA 2
GPU instruction set TeraScale instruction set GCN instruction set RDNA instruction set TeraScale instruction set GCN instruction set RDNA instruction set
Max stock GPU base clock (MHz)60080084486611081250140021002400400538600 ?847900120060013001900
Max stock GPU base GFLOPS [lower-alpha 7] 480614.4648.1886.71134.517601971.22150.43686.4102.486 ? ? ?345.6460.8230.41331.2486.4
3D engine [lower-alpha 8] Up to 400:20:8Up to 384:24:6Up to 512:32:8Up to 704:44:16 [16] Up to 512:32:8768:48:8128:8:480:8:4128:8:4Up to 192:12:8Up to 192:12:4192:12:4Up to 512:?:?128:?:?
IOMMUv1 IOMMUv2 IOMMUv1 ?IOMMUv2
Video decoder UVD 3.0 UVD 4.2 UVD 6.0 VCN 1.0 [17] VCN 2.1 [18] VCN 2.2 [18] VCN 3.1 ? UVD 3.0 UVD 4.0 UVD 4.2 UVD 6.0 UVD 6.3 VCN 1.0 VCN 3.1
Video encoder VCE 1.0 VCE 2.0 VCE 3.1 VCE 2.0 VCE 3.1
AMD Fluid MotionDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
GPU power saving PowerPlay PowerTune PowerPlay PowerTune [19]
TrueAudio Yes check.svg [20]  ?Yes check.svg
FreeSync 1
2
1
2
HDCP [lower-alpha 9]  ?1.42.22.3 ?1.42.22.3
PlayReady [lower-alpha 9] 3.0 not yet3.0 not yet
Supported displays [lower-alpha 10] 2–32–433 (desktop)
4 (mobile, embedded)
42344
/drm/radeon [lower-alpha 11] [22] [11] Yes check.svgYes check.svg
/drm/amdgpu [lower-alpha 11] [23] Yes check.svg [24] Yes check.svg [24]
  1. For FM2+ Excavator models: A8-7680, A6-7480 & Athlon X4 845.
  2. A PC would be one node.
  3. An APU combines a CPU and a GPU. Both have cores.
  4. Requires firmware support.
  5. 1 2 Requires firmware support.
  6. No SSE4. No SSSE3.
  7. Single-precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
  8. Unified shaders  : texture mapping units  : render output units
  9. 1 2 To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
  10. To feed more than two displays, the additional panels must have native DisplayPort support. [21] Alternatively active DisplayPort-to-DVI/HDMI/VGA adapters can be employed.
  11. 1 2 DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

Feature overview for AMD graphics cards

The following table shows features of AMD/ATI's GPUs (see also: List of AMD graphics processing units).

Name of GPU series Wonder Mach 3D Rage Rage Pro Rage 128 R100 R200 R300 R400 R500 R600 RV670 R700 Evergreen Northern
Islands
Southern
Islands
Sea
Islands
Volcanic
Islands
Arctic
Islands
/Polaris
Vega Navi 1x Navi 2x Navi 3x
Released19861991Apr
1996
Mar
1997
Aug
1998
Apr
2000
Aug
2001
Sep
2002
May
2004
Oct
2005
May
2007
Nov
2007
Jun
2008
Sep
2009
Oct
2010
Jan
2012
Sep
2013
Jun
2015
Jun 2016, Apr 2017, Aug 2019Jun 2017, Feb 2019Jul
2019
Nov
2020
Dec
2022
Marketing Name WonderMach3D
Rage
Rage
Pro
Rage
128
Radeon
7000
Radeon
8000
Radeon
9000
Radeon
X700/X800
Radeon
X1000
Radeon
HD 2000
Radeon
HD 3000
Radeon
HD 4000
Radeon
HD 5000
Radeon
HD 6000
Radeon
HD 7000
Radeon
200
Radeon
300
Radeon
400/500/600
Radeon
RX Vega, Radeon VII
Radeon
RX 5000
Radeon
RX 6000
Radeon
RX 7000
AMD supportDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
Kind2D3D
Instruction set architecture Not publicly known TeraScale instruction set GCN instruction set RDNA instruction set
Microarchitecture TeraScale 1
(VLIW)
TeraScale 2
(VLIW5)
TeraScale 2
(VLIW5)

up to 68xx
TeraScale 3
(VLIW4)

in 69xx [25] [26]
GCN 1st
gen
GCN 2nd
gen
GCN 3rd
gen
GCN 4th
gen
GCN 5th
gen
RDNA RDNA 2 RDNA 3
TypeFixed pipeline [lower-alpha 1] Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines Unified shader model
Direct3D 5.06.07.08.19.0
11 (9_2)
9.0b
11 (9_2)
9.0c
11 (9_3)
10.0
11 (10_0)
10.1
11 (10_1)
11 (11_0)11 (11_1)
12 (11_1)
11 (12_0)
12 (12_0)
11 (12_1)
12 (12_1)
11 (12_1)
12 (12_2)
Shader model 1.42.0+2.0b3.04.04.15.05.15.1
6.5
6.7
OpenGL 1.11.21.32.1 [lower-alpha 2] [27] 3.3 4.5 (on Linux: 4.5 (Mesa 3D 21.0)) [28] [29] [30] [lower-alpha 3] 4.6 (on Linux: 4.6 (Mesa 3D 20.0))
Vulkan 1.0
(Win 7+ or Mesa 17+)
1.2 (Adrenalin 20.1.2, Linux Mesa 3D 20.0)
1.3 (GCN 4 and above (with Adrenalin 22.1.2, Mesa 22.0))
1.3
OpenCL Close to Metal 1.1 (no Mesa 3D support)1.2+ (on Linux: 1.1+ (no Image support on clover, with by rustiCL) with Mesa 3D, 1.2+ on GCN 1.Gen)2.0+ (Adrenalin driver on Win7+)
(on Linux ROCM, Linux Mesa 3D 1.2+ (no Image support in clover, but in rustiCL with Mesa 3D, 2.0+ and 3.0 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm), 5th gen: 2.2 win 10+ and Linux RocM 5.0+
2.2+ and 3.0 windows 8.1+ and Linux ROCM 5.0+ (Mesa 3D rustiCL 1.2+ and 3.0 (2.1+ and 2.2+ wip)) [31] [32] [33]
HSA / ROCm Yes check.svg ?
Video decoding ASIC Avivo/UVD UVD+ UVD 2 UVD 2.2 UVD 3 UVD 4 UVD 4.2 UVD 5.0 or 6.0 UVD 6.3 UVD 7 [34] [lower-alpha 4] VCN 2.0 [34] [lower-alpha 4] VCN 3.0 [35] VCN 4.0
Video encoding ASIC VCE 1.0 VCE 2.0 VCE 3.0 or 3.1 VCE 3.4 VCE 4.0 [34] [lower-alpha 4]
Fluid Motion [lower-alpha 5] Dark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg ?
Power saving ? PowerPlay PowerTune PowerTune & ZeroCore Power  ?
TrueAudio Via dedicated DSP Via shaders
FreeSync 1
2
HDCP [lower-alpha 6]  ?1.42.22.3 [36]
PlayReady [lower-alpha 6] 3.0Dark Red x.svg3.0
Supported displays [lower-alpha 7] 1–222–6 ?
Max. resolution  ?2–6 ×
2560×1600
2–6 ×
4096×2160 @ 30 Hz
2–6 ×
5120×2880 @ 60 Hz
3 ×
7680×4320 @ 60 Hz [37]

7680×4320 @ 60 Hz PowerColor
7680x4320

@165 HZ

/drm/radeon [lower-alpha 8] Yes check.svg
/drm/amdgpu [lower-alpha 8] Experimental [38] Optional [39] Yes check.svg
  1. The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.
  2. R300, R400 and R500 based cards do not fully comply with OpenGL 2+ as the hardware does not support all types of non-power of two (NPOT) textures.
  3. OpenGL 4+ compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders and these are emulated on some TeraScale chips using 32-bit hardware.
  4. 1 2 3 The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.
  5. Video processing for video frame rate interpolation technique. In Windows it works as a DirectShow filter in your player. In Linux, there is no support on the part of drivers and / or community.
  6. 1 2 To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
  7. More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.
  8. 1 2 DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. AMDgpu is the Linux kernel module. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

See also

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