Agnes Burns

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Agnes Burns
Stephenstown Pond, Knockbridge, Co. Louth - geograph.org.uk - 1065191.jpg
Stephenstown Pond
Born30 September 1762 [1]
Alloway, [2] Scotland
DiedMarch 1834
Dundalk, Republic of Ireland
OccupationDairymaid
SpouseWilliam Galt
Parent(s) William Burnes
Agnes Broun

Agnes Burns or Agnes Galt was the eldest sister of Scottish poet and lyricist Robert Burns. She was born in 1762 at the Alloway Cottage [2] in South Ayrshire to William Burnes and Agnes Broun. She did not adopt the spelling 'Burnes'. At the advanced age of forty-two, late for the times in which she lived, she married William Galt at Dinning in 1804 [3] [4] who had worked for her brother Gilbert at Dinning Farm in Nithsdale. [3] [5]

Contents

Life and character

Stephenstown House in 1982. Stephenstown House, Knockbridge, Co. Louth - geograph.org.uk - 1065175.jpg
Stephenstown House in 1982.

Agnes's siblings were Robert Burns (b. 25 January 1759); Gilbert (b. 28 September 1760); Annabella Burns (b. 14 November 1764); William (b. 30 July 1767); John (b. 10 July 1769); Isabella (b. 27 July 1771). [6]

Agnes Broun recalled that her husband only once took a strap to his children and that was to their daughter Agnes when she showed reluctance to pay attention to his reading lessons and that "..it had had a good effect upon the child's temper." [7]

Agnes moved in 1817 with William to the Fortescue Estates at Stephenstown [3] in Dundalk, County Louth, Republic of Ireland where he was employed to build two reservoirs to supply water to the estate gardens, orchards, grinding mill, etc. Impressed with his work, Matthew Fortescue [8] offered him the post of Confidential Manager on the Stephenstown Estate for the generous salary of 40 guineas per annum [9] that also came with a tied cottage that was built for them and a plot of land for growing crops, keeping a cow or two, etc. William also stocked the ponds with a number of coarse fish.

Stephenstown House had been built in 1785 by Matthew Fortescue for his new bride Marian McClintock. It was sold by the Fortescues in 1974 and was a ruin by the late 1980s. [10]

William in the years 1821–1822 planted 53,000 trees on the estate as well as many shrubs and flowers. He also insisted on buying the best farm equipment and as a result in 1847, part of the Fortescue estate was considered to be one of the best farms in the British Isles. [11]

It is recorded by Major McClintock that she had a strong Ayrshire accent, saying that "she was as unprepossessing a female as one would care to see. But, oh! to hear her read her brother's poems was a caution, with hard rasping delivery, that I question if many out of Ayrshire could make out the meaning of a word she said." [3] [9]

The couple never had any children and Agnes worked on the estate for many years as a dairy maid. Agnes died in the cottage in 1834 aged 72 and William lived on at the estate at Lakeview Cottage for another thirteen years until he died in 1847. [12] [3]

Memorial and association with Robert Burns

Full view of the Naysmith portrait of 1787, Scottish National Portrait Gallery PG 1063Burns Naysmith.jpg
Full view of the Naysmith portrait of 1787, Scottish National Portrait Gallery

The couple were buried in the St Nicholas, Dundalk, Church of Ireland cemetery [2] [12] where a monument was erected by admirers of Robert Burns.

The inscription on the memorial commemorating the centenary of his birth reads:

As a tribute to the genius of Robert Burns, the national bard of Scotland and in respect for the memory of his eldest sister Agnes, whose mortal remains are deposited in this church-yard erected by the contributions of the poet's numerous admirers in Dundalk and its vicinity 25th of January 1839. [12]

"Time but the impression stronger makes, as streams their channels deeper wear." (From "To Mary in Heaven", 1789) [13]

Agnes's religious education was partly taught at home by her father, using the A Manual of Religious Belief that William Burnes had written for that purpose, assisted by John murdoch. It was used for her siblings as well as herself.

Stephenstown Pond Project

William and Agnes's cottage at Knockbridge is now a museum and coffee shop in a nature park and conference centre. The cottage's museum section explores the life and works of the poet as well as interpreting his sister's life as a dairymaid on the estate, the estate itself and the Fortescue family. [9] The Belfast Burns Club and the Stephenstown Pond Trust undertook the restoration project in 1996 writing that

We, the Belfast Burns Club, recognised that some form of Peace and Reconciliation Initiative in this island of ours might not go astray, and what better format for it to take but an association with Robert Burns and his work? [3] [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agnes Broun</span>

Agnes Broun, Agnes Brown or Agnes Burnes, was the mother of Scotland's national poet, Robert Burns. Agnes's father, Gilbert (1708–1774), was the tenant of the 300-acre (120 ha) farm of Craigenton, in Kirkoswald parish, South Ayrshire, Scotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nelly Kilpatrick</span>

Nelly or Nellie Kilpatrick, Helen Kilpatrick or later Nelly Bone (1759–1820). Nelly was possibly Robert Burns's first love and muse as stated by Isabella Burns.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Burnes</span>

William Burnes or William Burness was the father of the poet Robert Burns. He was born at either Upper Kinmonth or Clochnahill Farm, Dunnottar, Kincardineshire, and trained as a gardener at Inverugie Castle, Aberdeenshire, before moving to Ayrshire and becoming a tenant farmer. His parents were Robert Burnes and Isabella Keith. He retained the spelling 'Burnes' throughout his life; however, his son favoured the Ayrshire spelling of 'Burns'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gilbert Burns (farmer)</span> Scottish farmer (1760–1827)

Gilbert Burns, the younger brother of Robert Burns the poet, was born at Alloway. He married Jean Breckenridge in 1791, had six sons and five daughters, died in 1827, aged 66, and was buried at Bolton, East Lothian, Scotland. Gilbert's writings have contributed greatly to the bank of knowledge that exists regarding the life of his famous brother.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Burnes</span>

Robert Burnes or Robert Burness was a paternal uncle of the poet Robert Burns. He left the family farm of Clochnahill or Clokenhill in Kincardineshire with his younger brother William Burnes, and found work at the Lochridge or Lochrig limestone quarries and lime kilns that lay near Byrehill Farm near Stewarton. He was a teacher, a gardener later in life and a land steward on the nearby Robertland Estate, possibly through the influence of his nephew. Robert Burns referred to his him as Poor Uncle Robert upon his death in 1789.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelmina Alexander</span>

Wilhelmina Alexander (1756–1843), was born at Newton House, Elderslie, Renfrewshire. She was the 4th daughter of Claud Alexander of Newton and Joanna, daughter of Alexander Cuninghame of Craigends. Her lasting fame derives from being Robert Burns's 'The Bonnie Lass o'Ballochmyle' in the song of that title. Robert Burns was accustomed to taking walks and musing over his poetry and songs in the Ballochmyle Estate next to the River Ayr when he caught sight of her one-day and composed the song in memory of the event. She refused publication at the time and Burns never forgave this perceived slight on his genius, Wilhelmina never married, she did however treasure the letter and the manuscript of the song until her dying day.

Adam Armour (1771–1823) was the younger brother of Jean Armour and therefore the brother-in-law of the poet Robert Burns. In addition, being married to Fanny (Frances) Burnes, he was also related to the poet through his father-in-law 'Poor Uncle Robert', who lived at Stewarton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isabella Burns</span> Youngest sister of the poet Robert Burns

Isabella Burns (Isabella Begg) (1771–1858) or Isobel Burns (Isobel Begg) was the youngest sister of the poet Robert Burns, born to William Burness and Agnes Broun at Mount Oliphant Farm on the 27 June 1771 and christened on 2 July 1771 by Rev. William McGill, a friend of her father. When she died she was the last member of Robert Burns's immediate family and when living at Bridge House in Alloway for the last sixteen years of her life she entertained many visitors who were interested in his life and works. She was the source of many published insights into Burns' life, character and loves. Her siblings knew her as 'Isbal'.

James Armour was a master mason and father of Jean Armour, and therefore the father-in-law of the poet Robert Burns. His birth year was shown here as 1730. The Scotland's People database has no record of this year of birth for a James Armour. Wikitree and several other data sources have his birth date as 10th/24th January 1731. The Scotland's People database has this record but showing his baptism on 24 January 1731. His birth on the original Old Parish Record is shown as 15 January 1731 to John Armour and Margrat(sic) Picken in Kilmarnock. James named his first son John which would normally be after James's father i.e. John. The chances of there being two James's born on exactly the same date exactly one year apart appear very remote and the naming of the first child seems to validate the conclusion that James Armour was born in 1731 and not 1730.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elizabeth 'Betty' Burns</span>

Elizabeth Burns, Elizabeth Park or Mrs John Thomson known as Betty Burns, was born in 1791 in Leith, Scotland. She was the illegitimate daughter of Robert Burns and Anna Park who was a barmaid at The Globe in Dumfries. She married John Thomson in 1808 to become Elizabeth Thomson.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Smith (draper)</span>

James Smith of Mauchline was one of Robert Burns's closest friends and confidants. He was born in 1765, son of a Mauchline merchant, Ayrshire, Scotland. In 1775, when he was only ten years, old his father, Robert Smith, a prosperous local merchant, was killed in a riding accident, falling from his horse whilst returning from Ayr. His mother, Jean Smith, remarried James Lamie who owned the adjoining house.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Murdoch (teacher)</span>

John Murdoch of Ayr was Robert Burns's most significant teacher or tutor and he was a friend of the Burnes family. He was born in 1747 and first taught Gilbert and Robert Burns in Alloway when he was only aged eighteen. He remained in contact with the Burnes family for several years after leaving Ayrshire for London. Murdoch, William Burnes and Richard Brown were amongst the most significant influences on Burns life during his early years in Ayrshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Ainslie (lawyer)</span>

Robert Ainslie (1766–1838) was a Scottish lawyer, and one of Robert Burns's long-term friends from his Edinburgh days. He was probably the closest confidant of Burns, whom he met first at a Masonic or Crochallan Fencibles event. Ainslie accompanied the poet on the first part of his Border Tour. Robert's father, also Robert, was a lawyer a bailie at Duns and a land-steward on Lord Douglas's Berwickshire estates. Robert married Jean Cunningham on 22 December 1798.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Annabella Burns</span> Unmarried sister of the poet Robert Burns

Annabella Burns or Nannie Burns (1764–1832) was the second oldest sister of the poet Robert Burns, and the last child born to William Burness and Agnes Broun whilst at the Alloway cottage. She was born on the 14 November 1764 and she was christened on 17 November by Rev. William Dalrymple, the minister of Ayr Parish Church. When she died in 1832 she was the last member of Gilbert Burns's household at Grant's Brae to be buried at the Bolton Kirk family lair. Gilbert Burns had died, also aged 67, five years earlier in 1832.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Burns (farmer)</span> Unmarried youngest brother of the poet Robert Burns

John Burns (1769–1785) was the youngest brother of the poet Robert Burns and the last son born to William Burness and Agnes Broun. John was born at Mount Oliphant Farm on the Doonholm Estate near Alloway on the 12 July 1769. He was christened circa 21 July 1769 by Rev. Rev William Dalrymple.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Burns (saddler)</span> Unmarried second youngest brother of the poet Robert Burns

William Burns (1767–1790) was the second youngest brother of the poet Robert Burns and the third son born to William Burness and Agnes Broun. William was born at Mount Oliphant Farm on the Doonholm Estate near Alloway, about three miles from Ayr, on the 12 July 1769. He was christened circa 6 August 1767 by the Rev. Rev William Dalrymple of Ayr parish and kirk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Wallace Burns</span> Unmarried son of the poet Robert Burns

Francis Wallace Burns (1789–1803) was the second son of the poet Robert Burns, born when the poet was 30 and his wife Jean Armour was 24. Francis was born at Ellisland Farm in Dunscore parish, Nithsdale on the 18 August 1789. His first and middle names were added in honour of Frances Dunlop of Dunlop, Robert's friend, patron and mentor. Her maiden name was Frances Anna Wallace and what is known of his early life comes from the many letters to Frances in which he was mentioned. His father died in 1796 and little is known of Francis's short life after this date.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Glencairn Burns</span> Unmarried daughter of the poet Robert Burns

James Glencairn Burns (1794–1865) was the fourth son and eighth child born to the poet Robert Burns and his wife Jean Armour. James was born at their home in Mill Brae Street, now Burns Street in Dumfries on 12 August 1794. His first and middle name was added in honour of James Cunningham, 14th Earl of Glencairn, Robert's friend, patron and mentor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Nicol Burns</span> Son of the poet Robert Burns

William Nicol Burns (1791–1872) was the sixth child, third born and second surviving son born to the poet Robert Burns when he was 32 and his wife Jean Armour was 26. William was born at Ellisland Farm in Dunscore parish, shortly before the family moved to Dumfries in 1791. His first and middle name was added in honour of William Nicol, Robert's friend.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Burns Junior</span> Son of the poet Robert Burns

Robert Burns Junior or Robert Burns ll (1786–1857) was the first son and one of the first pair of twins born to the poet Robert Burns and his wife Jean Armour. He was born on the 3 September 1786 and baptised on 5 September. John Tennant of Glenconner was a witness at the baptism. His twin sister was Jean Burns, who died of unknown causes in infancy on 20 October 1787. His father, who often called him 'Bobbie', died when Robert Junior was only 9 years old, at which point he was the eldest of a family of five legitimate male offspring.

References

Citations

  1. Westwood, p.12
  2. 1 2 3 Purdie, p.59
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Purdie, p. 60
  4. Westwood, p. 13
  5. Westwood, p. 12
  6. Mackay (2008), Page 41
  7. Mackay, p. 130
  8. Stephenstown Pond
  9. 1 2 3 Irish Identity
  10. Abandoned Ireland
  11. Fortescue Stephenstown Estates.
  12. 1 2 3 McQueen, p.10
  13. 1 2 Robert Burns Club of Milwaukee

General sources

  • Mackay, James (2004). Burns. A Biography of Robert Burns. Darvel: Alloway Publishing. ISBN   0907526-85-3.
  • McIntyre, Ian (2001). Robert Burns: A Life. New York: Welcome Rain Publishers. ISBN   1-56649-205-X.
  • McQueen, Colin Hunter (2008). Hunter's Illustrated History of the Family, Friends and Contemporaries of Robert Burns. Messsrs Hunter McQueen & Hunter. ISBN   9780955973208.
  • Purdie, David, McCue & Carruthers, G (2013). Maurice Lindsay's The Burns Encyclopaedia. London: Robert Hale. ISBN   978-0-7090-9194-3.
  • Westwood, Peter J. (2008). Who's Who in the World of Burns. Kilmarnock: Robert Burns World Federation Publications. ISBN   978-1-899316-98-4.