Haplogroup D (mtDNA)

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Haplogroup D
Peopling of eurasia.jpg
Possible time of originca. 60,000 – 40,000 YBP
Possible place of origin East Asia
Ancestor M80'D
DescendantsD4, 16189
Defining mutations4883 5178A 16362 [1]

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup D is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a descendant haplogroup of haplogroup M, thought to have arisen somewhere in East Asia, between roughly 60,000 and 35,000 years ago (in the Late Pleistocene, before the Last Glacial Maximum and the settlement of the Americas). [2]

Contents

In contemporary populations, it is found especially in Central [3] and Northeast Asia. [4] Haplogroup D (more specifically, subclade D4) is one of five main haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the others being A, B, C, and X. Among the Nepalese population, haplogroup D is the most dominant maternal lineage in Tamang (26.1%) and Magar (24.3%). [5]

Subclades

There are two principal branches, D4 and D5'6. D1, D2 and D3 are subclades of D4.

D4

D1 is a basal branch of D4 that is widespread and diverse in the Americas. Subclades D4b1, D4e1, and D4h are found both in Asia and in the Americas and are thus of special interest for the settlement of the Americas. D2, which occurs with high frequency in some arctic and subarctic populations (especially Aleuts), is a subclade of D4e1 parallel to D4e1a and D4e1c, so it properly should be termed D4e1b. D3, which has been found mainly in some Siberian populations and in Inuit of Canada and Greenland, [6] is a branch of D4b1c.

D4 (3010, 8414, 14668): The subclade D4 is the most frequently occurring mtDNA haplogroup among modern populations of northern East Asia, such as Japanese, [7] [8] [9] [10] Okinawans, [8] Koreans, [8] [11] northern Han Chinese (e.g. from Lanzhou [12] ), and some Mongolic- or Tungusic-speaking populations of the Hulunbuir region, such as Barghuts in Hulun Buir Aimak, [13] Mongols and Evenks in New Barag Left Banner, [14] and Oroqens in Oroqen Autonomous Banner. [14] D4 is also the most common haplogroup among the Oroks of Sakhalin, the Buryats and Khamnigans of the Buryat Republic, the Kalmyks of the Kalmyk Republic, the Telenghits and Kazakhs of the Altai Republic, [13] [15] and the Kyrgyz of Kyzylsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture. [16] It also predominates among published samples of Paleo-Indians and individuals whose remains have been recovered from Chertovy Vorota Cave. Spread also all over China, the Himalayas, Central Asia, Siberia, and indigenous peoples of the Americas, with some cases observed in Southeast Asia, Southwest Asia, and Europe. [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] Khattak and Kheshgi in Peshawar Valley, Pakistan [24]

D5'6

D5'6 (16189) is mainly found in East Asia and Southeast Asia, especially in China, Korea, and Japan. [64] [65] [66] It does not appear to have participated in the migration to the Americas, and frequencies in Central, North, and South Asia are generally lower, although the D5a2a2 subclade is prevalent (57/423 = 13.48% [52] ) among the Yakuts, a Turkic-speaking group that migrated to Siberia in historical times under the pressure of the Mongol expansion. [52]


Table of frequencies by ethnic group

PopulationFrequencyCountSourceSubtypes
Ban Ravat (Uttarakhand)1.00038[ citation needed ]D4=38
Aleut (Commander Islands)1.00036 [23] D2a1a=36
Orok (Sakhalin)0.68961[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=41, D5=1
Aleut (Aleutian Islands)0.656163 [23] D2a1a=107
Tibetan (Deqin, Yunnan)0.55040[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=20, D5(xD5a)=2
Northern Paiute/Shoshoni 0.47994 [18] D=45
Uyghur (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.43816 [3] D(xD4c)=5, D4c=2
Oroqen (Oroqen Autonomous Banner)0.43244 [14] D(xD5)=14, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2
Subba (Limbu)0.43244[ citation needed ]D4=19
Japanese (Hokkaidō)0.415217 Asari 2007 D4a=24, D4b=21, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=21, D4e=11, D5=10, D4g=2, D4j=1
Japanese (northern Kyūshū)0.414256 [8] D4b=26, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=24, D4a=19, D4e=16, D5=10, D4g(xD4g1)=8, D4j=3
Japanese 0.412211 [7] D4(xD4b)=75, D5(xD5a)=10, D5a=1, D4b=1
Japanese (Tōkai)0.411282 [8] D4b=34, D4a=26, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=24, D5=14, D4e=13, D4j=3, D4g(xD4g1)=2
Northern Paiute 0.40898 [17] D=40
Japanese (Japan)0.4011928 [72] D4=705, D5=68
Japanese (Tōhoku)0.399336 [8] D4a=31, D4b=30, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=29, D4e=17, D4g(xD4g1)=11, D5=10, D4j=4, D4g1=2
Korean (South Korea)0.398103 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=33, D5=8
Mongol (New Barag Left Banner)0.39648 [14] D(xD5)=16, D5(xD5a)=2, D5a=1
Dolgan (Anabarsky, Volochanka, Ust-Avam, and Dudinka)0.390154 [52] D4l2=35, D3=8, D4e4a1=5, D4b1(xD3)=4, D4i2=2, D4j2=2, D4a=1, D2b1=1, D4m2=1, D5a2a2=1
Japanese (Japan)0.389672 [73] D4 (xD4e, D4g, D4h)=111, D4a=42, D4b=79, D5=30
Okinawa 0.383326 [8] D4a=28, D4b=23, D4e=21, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=18, D4j=12, D4g(xD4g1)=12, D5=7, D4g1=4
Tibetan (Nyingchi, Tibet)0.37524 [63] D=9
Korean (South Korea)0.364261[ citation needed ]D4(xD4a, D4b)=36, D4b=20, D4a=18, D5=14, D(xD4, D5)=7
Japanese (Tokyo)0.356118 [10] D4=39, D5=3
Barghut (Hulunbuir)0.356149 [13] D4(xD2, D3)=47, D2=3, D3=2, D5=1
Buryat (Buryatia)0.349295 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=86?, D5=8, D3=7, D2=2
Buryat 0.348419 [48] D4(xD2)=134, D5=9, D2=3
Korean (Ulsan)0.3421094 [74] D=374
Korean (South Korea)0.340203 [8] D5=15, D4b=14, D4a=10, D4j=9, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=8, D4e=7, D4g(xD4g1)=6
Khamnigan (Buryatia)0.33399 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=25, D3=5, D5=2, D2=1
Korean (northern China)0.33351[ citation needed ]D4(xD4a, D4b)=11, D4a=3, D5(xD5a)=2, D(xD4, D5)=1
Korean (Arun Banner)0.33348 [14] D(xD5)=11, D5(xD5a)=5
Yakut (vicinity of Yakutsk)0.329164 [52] D5a2a2=28, D4i2=9, D4c2=5, D4o2=4, D4j5=3, D4b1(xD3)=2, D4a=1, D4j8=1, D4l2=1
Korean (South Korea)0.326850 [75] D4a(xD4a1, D4a2, D4a3)=64, D4b1=6, D4b2=36, D4e1=9, D4e2=17, D4f1=18, D4g1=16, D4j=12, D4(xD4g2)=49, D5=50
Korean (South Korea)0.324185[ citation needed ]D4(xD4a, D4b)=44, D5(xD5a)=6, D5a=3, D4a=3, D4b=3, D(xD4, D5)=1
Yi (Luxi, Yunnan)0.32331[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=8, D5(xD5a)=2
Korean (South Korea)0.322593 [76] D=7, D4=93, D4a=30, D4b=30, D5=31
Evenk (New Barag Left Banner)0.31947 [14] D(xD5)=12, D5(xD5a)=2, D5a=1
Evenk (Krasnoyarsk)0.30173 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=13, D5=5, D3=4
Han (Beijing)0.30040[ citation needed ]D4(xD4a, D4b)=5, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2, D4a=2
Japanese (Miyazaki)0.300100[ citation needed ]D4(xD4a,D4b1,D4b2b)=16, D4a=5, D4b2b=3, D5a(xD5a2)=3, D4b1=1, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a2=1
Turkmen (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.30020 [3] D4c=5, D(xD4c)=1
Yakut 0.299117 [14] D(xD5)=17, D5a=17, D5(xD5a)=1
Yakut (Vilyuy River basin)0.297111 [52] D5a2a2=20, D4i2=4, D4c2=2, D2b1=2, D4b1(xD3)=1, D4e4a(xD4e4a1)=1, D4j2=1, D4j4a=1, D4o2=1
Iu Mien (Mengla, Yunnan)0.29627 [19] D(xD5)=7, D5(xD5a)=1
Han (Southwest China; pool of 44 Sichuan, 34 Chongqing, 33 Yunnan, and 26 Guizhou)0.292137 [63] D4(xD4a)=29, D5a=6, D4a=5
Nganasan 0.29224[ citation needed ]D3=4, D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=3
Kalmyk (Kalmykia)0.291110 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=24, D5=6, D2=2
Nivkh (northern Sakhalin)0.28656[ citation needed ]D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=16
Tibetan (Nagchu, Tibet)0.28635 [63] D=10
Daur (Hulunbuir)0.282209 [77] D4(xD4c, D4j, D4m)=42, D2b=1, D5=16,
Evenk (Ust-Maysky, Oleneksky, and Zhigansky)0.280125 [52] D5a2a2=10, D4l2=8, D2b1=3, D4b1(xD3)=2, D3=2, D4c2=2, D4e4a1=2, D4j4a=2, D4j5=2, D4j8=1, D4o2=1
Chinese (Shenyang, Liaoning)0.275160 [8] D5=16, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=6, D4b=5, D4e=5, D4g(xD4g1)=5, D4j=4, D6=2, D4a=1
Hani (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.27333[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=6, D5(xD5a)=2, D5a=1
Lahu (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.26715[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=4
Kazakh (Kosh-Agach, Altai Republic)0.26598 [13] D4(xD2, D3)=22, D5=4
Tubalar (Altai Republic)0.264144 [78] D4b1a2a1=10, D4j=6, D4o=6, D4(xD4l, D4m)=9, D5c=7
Yakut (northern Yakutia)0.257148 [52] D5a2a2=9, D4e4a(xD4e4a1)=6, D4j2=5, D4l2=4, D4i2=3, D5b1d=3, D4c2=2, D4j5=2, D3=1, D2b1=1, D4m2=1, D4o2=1
Nganasan (Ust-Avam, Volochanka, and Novaya)0.25639 [23] D3a1=7, D6=2, D4a=1
Han (Xinjiang)0.25547[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=9, D5a=2, D5(xD5a)=1
Kyrgyz (Sary-Tash)0.25547[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=12
Nuu-Chah-Nulth 0.255102 [17] D=26
Han (southern California)0.254390 [63] D(xD4a, D5)=53, D5=28, D4a=18
Manchurian 0.25040[ citation needed ]D4(xD4a, D4b)=8, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a=1
Even (Eveno-Bytantaysky & Momsky)0.248105 [52] D4c2=5, D4l2=5, D4i2=3, D4j5=3, D5a2a2=3, D4m2=2, D4a=1, D3=1, D2b1=1, D4j4(xD4j4a)=1, D4o2=1
Tubalar (Altai Republic)0.245143 [79] D4=28, D5=7
Teleut (Kemerovo)0.24553 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=12, D5=1
Daur (Evenk Autonomous Banner)0.24445 [14] D(xD5)=7, D5(xD5a)=2, D5a=2
Evenk (Buryatia)0.24445 [15] D3=6, D4(xD2, D3)=4, D2=1
Han (Taiwan)0.2431117 [63] D=271
Negidal 0.24233[ citation needed ]D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=8
Aini (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.24050[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=7, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2
Ainu 0.23551[ citation needed ]D(xD5,D6)=8, D5=4
Taiwanese (Taipei, Taiwan)0.23191 [8] D5=11, D4a=5, D4b=2, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=2, D4g(xD4g1)=1
Mongolian (Dornod Province)0.230370 [80] D2b=6, D4a=7, D4b=12, D4(xD4e, D4o)=34, D4j=19, D5a=6, D5b=1
Darjeeling (general population)0.22766[ citation needed ]D4=13
D5=2
Gelao (Daozhen County, Guizhou)0.22631[ citation needed ]D(xD4b, D5)=6, D4b=1
Uzbek (Xinjiang)0.22458[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=11, D5(xD5a)=2
Yakut (Yakutia)0.22236 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=5, D2=1, D3=1, D5=1
Yukaghir (Upper Kolyma)0.22218 [23] D5a1=3, D6=1
Tujia (western Hunan)0.21964[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=9, D5a=4, D5(xD5a)=1
Ulchi 0.21887[ citation needed ]D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=13, D1a=4, D3=2
Han (Beijing Normal University)0.215121 [10] D4=15, D5=11
Vietnamese 0.21442[ citation needed ]D4(xD4a, D4b)=7, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a=1
Mongolian (Khentii Province)0.212132 [80] D4=1, D4b=4, D4e=3, D4g=3, D4h=2, D4j=2, D4m=1, D4o=8, D5a=4
Evenk (53 Stony Tunguska basin & 18 Tugur-Chumikan)0.21171[ citation needed ]D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=13, D3=1, D5=1
Telengit (Altai Republic)0.21171 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=15
Guoshan Yao (Jianghua, Hunan)0.20824 [19] D(xD5)=4, D5(xD5a)=1
Mongolian (Sükhbaatar Province)0.207246 [80] D1j=1, D4a=5, D4b=3, D4c=10, D4e=3, D4(xD4g, D4h, D4l, D4m, D4o)=11, D4j=11, D5a=5, D5b=2
Tibetan (Chamdo, Tibet)0.20729 [63] D4(xD4a)=3, D5a=2, D4a=1
Tibetan (Shigatse, Tibet)0.20729 [63] D4(xD4a)=4, D5a=2
Oirat Mongol (Xinjiang)0.20449[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=9, D5(xD5a)=1
Kyrgyz (Xinjiang)0.203138 [16] D4(xD4b,D4e)=20
D5=4
D4b=2
D4e=2
Siberian Eskimos 0.20379[ citation needed ]D2=12, D3=4 (4/8 Naukan, 7/25 Sireniki, 5/46 Chaplin)
Karakalpak (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.20020 [3] D(xD4c)=4
Kyrgyz (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.20020 [3] D(xD4c)=4
Ulch people 0.200160[ citation needed ]D4=18, D4o=13, D5=1
Nu (Gongshan, Yunnan)0.20030[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=6
Buryat 0.198126 [14] D(xD5)=20, D5a=3, D5(xD5a)=2
Mongolian (Khovd Province)0.198429 [80] D2b=1, D4a=1, D4b1=6, D4b1a2a1=4, D4b1c=4, D4b2a2a=6, D4b2d=8, D4(xD4c, D4e, D4g, G4h, D4m, D4o)=29, D4j=10, D5a1=1, D5a2a=11, D5b=4
Mongolian (Mongolia)0.1972420 [80] D4b=76, D4c=68, D4j=64, D4(xD1, D2)=199, D5(xD6)=71
Gelao (Daozhen County, Guizhou)0.196102[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=15, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2
Kazakh (Zhetysu)0.195200 [81] D1=1, D4=32, D5=6
Tubalar 0.19472[ citation needed ]D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=10, D5=3, D3=1
Hmong (Jishou, Hunan)0.194103 [19] D(xD5)=15, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2
Bai (Dali, Yunnan)0.19168[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=9, D5(xD5a)=4
Mansi 0.19063 [4] D=12
Lowland Yao (Fuchuan, Guangxi)0.19042 [19] D(xD5)=7, D5a=1
Khasi 0.190368[ citation needed ]D4=48
D(xD4, D5a)=22
Mizo 0.18848[ citation needed ]D4=9
Nyishi 0.18848[ citation needed ]D4=7
D5=2
Yi (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.18816[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=3
Tibetan (Nyingchi, Tibet)0.18554 [63] D4(xD4a)=9, D5a=1
Poumai Naga 0.18449[ citation needed ]D4=9
Kazakh (Kazakhstan)0.18255[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=9, D5(xD5a)=1
Hmong (Wenshan, Yunnan)0.17939 [19] D(xD5)=6, D5(xD5a)=1
Han (Denver)0.17873 [10] D4=10, D5=3
Yukaghir (Lower Kolyma-Indigirka)0.17182 [23] D9=4, D8=2, D7=2, D5a1=2, D3a1=2, D3a2=1, D2(xD2a1a)=1
Sherpa (India)0.16754[ citation needed ]D4=9
Pumi (Ninglang, Yunnan)0.16736[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=6
Tujia (Yongshun, Hunan)0.16730[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=3, D5(xD5a)=2
Yakama 0.16742 [17] D=7
Bhotia (Uttarakhand)0.16455[ citation needed ]D4=9
Han (Hunan & Fujian)0.16455 [10] D4=6, D5=2, D6=1
Uyghur (Kazakhstan)0.16455[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=9
Khanty 0.160106 [4] D=17
Buryat (Kushun, Nizhneudinsk, Irkutsk)0.16025[ citation needed ]D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=4
Bai (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.15819[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=3
Khakassians (Khakassia)0.15857 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=9
Mien (Shangsi, Guangxi)0.15632 [19] D(xD5)=5
Hui (Xinjiang)0.15645[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=6, D5a=1
Altai (Altai Republic)0.155110 [82] D=17
Tuvinian (Tuva)0.152105 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=9, D2=3, D5=3, D3=1
Nogai (Daghestan)0.15233[ citation needed ]D=5
Kim Mun (Malipo, Yunnan)0.15040 [19] D(xD5)=6
Tajik (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.15020 [3] D4c=2, D(xD4c)=1
Yi (Shuangbai, Yunnan)0.15040[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=4, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a=1
Yi (Hezhang County, Guizhou)0.15020[ citation needed ]D(xD4b, D5)=3
Zhuang (Napo County, Guangxi)0.146130[ citation needed ]D4=13, D5=3, D(xD4,D5)=3
Kyrgyz (Talas)0.14648[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=7
Bella Coola 0.14384 [17] D=12
Lahu (Lancang, Yunnan)0.14335[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=5
Tuvan 0.13795[ citation needed ]D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=9, D3=3, D5=1
Tibetan (Lhasa, Tibet)0.13644 [63] D4(xD4a)=5, D5a=1
Yukaghir (Verkhnekolymsky & Nizhnekolymsky)0.13622 [52] D4j5=1, D4l2=1, D5a2a2=1
Chukchi (Anadyr)0.13315 [15] D2=2
Kazakh (Xinjiang)0.13253[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=7
Sema Naga 0.13054[ citation needed ]D4=7
Mongolian (Ulan Bator)0.12847[ citation needed ]D4(xD4a, D4b)=5, D4b=1
Tibetan (Shannan, Tibet)0.12755 [63] D4(xD4a)=5, D4a=1, D5a=1
Chakhesang Naga 0.12755[ citation needed ]D4=7
Altai Kizhi (Altai Republic)0.126324 [79] D4=39, D5=2
Shor (Kemerovo)0.12282 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=9, D5=1
Chukchi 0.12166[ citation needed ]D2=7, D3=1
Bunu (19 Bu Nu from Dahua & 6 Mu Bin from Tianlin)0.12025 [19] D(xD5)=2, D5a=1
Kurd (northwestern Iran)0.12025 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=3
Udmurt (Malo-Purginsky & Tatyshlinsky)0.119101[ citation needed ]D=12
Karelian (Viena)0.11587[ citation needed ]D5=10
Tibetan refugees in India0.112107[ citation needed ]D4=9
D5=3
Sulawesi (89 Manado, 64 Toraja, 46 Ujung Padang, & 38 Palu)0.110237 [21] D5=20, D(xD5)=6
Han (Taiwanese)0.108111[ citation needed ]D4a=2, D5b1=2, D4b1b=1, D4b2b5=1, D4g2=1, D4j1a(xD4j1a1)=1, D4j6=1, D5(xD5a2a1, D5b)=1, D5a2a1=1, D5b(xD5b1)=1
Mongolian (Ulan Bator)0.10647 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=5
Uyghur (Xinjiang)0.10647[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=3, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a=1
Ao Naga 0.10666[ citation needed ]D4=5
D5=1
D(xD4,D5)=1
Kazakh (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.10020 [3] D4c=1, D(xD4c)=1
Khasi 0.10040[ citation needed ]D4=4
Tharu (Morang, Nepal)0.10040[ citation needed ]D4e1a=2, D4(xD4e1a, D4j)=2
Tatar (Aznakayevo)0.09971[ citation needed ]D=7
Chuvantsi (Markovo, Chukotka)0.09432 [23] D3a2a=2, D2a1a=1
Lahu (Simao, Yunnan)0.09432[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=2, D5(xD5a)=1
Bashkir (Beloretsky, Sterlibashevsky, Ilishevsky, & Perm)0.090221[ citation needed ]D=20
Tharu (Chitwan, Nepal)0.090133[ citation needed ]D4(xD4e1a, D4j)=7, D4j=5
Altay Kizhi 0.08990 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=6, D3=2
Tibetan (Zhongdian, Yunnan)0.08635[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=3
Mansi 0.08298[ citation needed ]D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=6, D3=1, D5=1
Lisu (Gongshan, Yunnan)0.08137[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=3
Lanten Yao (Tianlin, Guangxi)0.07726 [19] D(xD5)=1, D5(xD5a)=1
Hmong (Northern Thailand)0.076158[ citation needed ]D4e1a3=9
D4e1a=1
D4b=1
D5b4=1
Thai 0.07540[ citation needed ]D(xD4, D5)=2, D4(xD4a, D4b)=1
Uzbek (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.07540 [3] D(xD4c)=3
Tu Yao (Hezhou, Guangxi)0.07341 [19] D(xD5)=3
Dong (Tianzhu County, Guizhou)0.07128[ citation needed ]D(xD4b, D5)=2
Tibetan (Qinghai)0.07156[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=4
Ambon 0.07043 [21] D(xD5)=2, D5=1
Tujia (Yanhe County, Guizhou)0.06929[ citation needed ]D5=1, D(xD4b, D5)=1
Tajik (Tajikistan)0.06844 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=2, D5=1
Turkmen (Afghanistan)0.06775[ citation needed ]D4(xD4j)=4
D4j=1
Dungan (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.06316 [3] D(xD4c)=1
Bapai Yao (Liannan, Guangdong)0.05735 [19] D(xD5)=2
Jino (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.05618[ citation needed ]D5(xD5a)=1
Komi-Permyak (Komi-Permyak Autonomous District)0.05474[ citation needed ]D=4
Taono O'odham 0.05437 [18] D=2
Taiwan aborigines 0.053640 [65] D5'6=26, D4=8
Apache 0.05338 [18] D=2
Tibetan (Shannan, Tibet)0.05319 [63] D=1
Huatou Yao (Fangcheng, Guangxi)0.05319 [19] D(xD5)=1
Li (Hainan)0.052346 [65] D5'6=13, D4=5
Hazara (Afghanistan)0.05178[ citation needed ]D4j=2
D4(xD4j)=2
Borneo (89 Banjarmasin & 68 Kota Kinabalu)0.051157 [21] D5=7, D(xD5)=1
Iranian (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.05020 [3] D(xD4c)=1
Karelian (Tver)0.04961[ citation needed ]D5=2, D(xD5)=1
Tatar (Buinsk)0.048126[ citation needed ]D=6
Thailand 0.048105 [22] D=5
Uzbek (Afghanistan)0.047127[ citation needed ]D4j=2
D4(xD4j)=2
D5'6=2
Naxi (Lijiang, Yunnan)0.04445[ citation needed ]D(xD5)=2
Hindu (Chitwan, Nepal)0.04224[ citation needed ]D4(xD4e1a, D4j)=1
Tajik (Afghanistan)0.041146[ citation needed ]D4(xD4j)=4
D4j=1
D5'6=1
Changpa 0.04050[ citation needed ]D4=1
D5=1
Chuvash (Morgaushsky)0.03655[ citation needed ]D=2
Cun (Hainan)0.03330 [65] D4=1
Wuzhou Yao (Fuchuan, Guangxi)0.03231 [19] D(xD5)=1
Filipino 0.03164 [66] D5b=1, D6=1
Pan Yao (Tianlin, Guangxi)0.03132 [19] D(xD5)=1
Filipino (Mindanao)0.02970 [66] D6=2
Karelian (Aunus)0.028218[ citation needed ]D5=6
Ket 0.02638[ citation needed ]D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=1
Tatar (Almetyevsky & Yelabuzhsky)0.026228[ citation needed ]D=6
Persian (eastern Iran)0.02482 [15] D4(xD2, D3)=1, D5=1
Lombok (Mataram)0.02344 [21] D5=1
Filipino (Luzon)0.023177 [66] D6=2, D5b=1, D(xD5b, D6)=1
Alor 0.02245 [21] D(xD5)=1
Cham (Bình Thuận, Vietnam)0.018168[ citation needed ]D4=3
Mari (Zvenigovsky)0.015136[ citation needed ]D=2
Koryak 0.013155[ citation needed ]D3=2
Bali 0.01282 [21] D5=1
Pashtun (Afghanistan)0.01190[ citation needed ]D4j=1
Mordvinian (Staroshaygovsky)0.010102[ citation needed ]D=1
Filipino (Visayas)0.009112 [66] D6=1
Kiliwa 0.0007 [18] -
Seri 0.0008 [18] -
Dingban Yao (Mengla, Yunnan)0.00010 [19] -
Xiban Yao (Fangcheng, Guangxi)0.00011 [19] -
Cochimí 0.00013 [18] -
Filipino (Palawan)0.00020[ citation needed ]-
River Yuman 0.00022 [18] -
Delta Yuman 0.00023 [18] -
Tibetan (Diqing, Yunnan)0.00024[ citation needed ]-
Zuni 0.00026 [18] -
Pai Yuman 0.00027 [18] -
Batek (Malaysia)0.00029 [20] -
Batak (Palawan)0.00031[ citation needed ]-
Lingao (Hainan)0.00031 [65] -
Nahua 0.00031 [18] -
Mendriq (Malaysia)0.00032 [20] -
Temuan (Malaysia)0.00033 [20] -
Jemez 0.00036 [18] -
Akimal O’odham 0.00043 [18] -
Java (incl. 36 from Tengger)0.00046 [21] -
Tofalar 0.00046[ citation needed ]-
Udegey 0.00046[ citation needed ]-
Itelmen 0.00047[ citation needed ]-
Sumba (Waingapu)0.00050 [21] -
Jahai (Malaysia)0.00051 [20] -
Senoi (51 Temiar & 1 Semai, Malaysia)0.00052 [20] -
Filipino 0.00061 [21] -
Semelai (Malaysia)0.00061 [20] -
Komi-Zyryan (Sysolsky)0.00062[ citation needed ]-
Navajo 0.00064 [18] -
Sumatra 0.000180 [21] -

Famous members

See also

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)  
L0 L1–6 
L1 L2   L3    L4 L5 L6
M N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT   P   U
HV JT K
H V J T

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  2. ↑ estimated at 48.3+13.1
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