Harvard Stadium

Harvard Stadium

Aerial view from the north in 2023
Location	95 N. Harvard Street Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Owner	Harvard University
Operator	Harvard University
Capacity	25,000 (1952–present) Former capacity: List 57,166 (1929–1951) 42,000 (1904–1928) 20,000 (1903) [1] [ citation needed ]
Surface	FieldTurf (2006–present) Natural grass (1903–2005) [2]
Construction
Broke ground	July 1903
Opened	November 14, 1903 121 years ago
Construction cost	$310,000 ($10.1 million in 2022 [3] )
Architect	Louis J. Johnson, Class of 1887
Tenants
Harvard Crimson (NCAA) (1903–present) Harvard Crimson men's soccer (1905–1982) Boston Patriots (NFL) (1970) Boston Cannons (MLL) (2007–2014, 2016–2018) Boston Cannons (PLL) (2024–present) Boston Breakers (WPS/NWSL) (2009–2011, 2014) Boston Brawlers (FXFL) (2014)
Website
gocrimson.com/harvardstadium

Harvard Stadium
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
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Location	60 N. Harvard St., Boston, Massachusetts
Coordinates	42°21′59″N71°7′38″W / 42.36639°N 71.12722°W / 42.36639; -71.12722
Area	11 acres (4.5 ha)
Built	1903
Architect	McKim, Charles F.; Et al.
Architectural style	Classical Revival
NRHP reference No.	87000757 [4]
Added to NRHP	February 27, 1987

Harvard Stadium is a U-shaped college football stadium in the northeast United States, located in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The stadium is owned and operated by Harvard University and is home to the Harvard Crimson football program. In its current form, Harvard Stadium seats just over 25,000 ^[5] spectators.

Built in 1903, it was a pioneering execution of reinforced concrete in the construction of large structures. Because of its early importance in these areas, and its influence on the design of later stadiums, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987. ^[6] The stadium is the nation's oldest permanent concrete structure dedicated to intercollegiate athletics. It seated up to 57,166 in the past, as permanent steel stands (completing a stadium shape) ^[7] were installed in the stadium's northeast end zone in 1929. They were torn down after the 1951 season, due to deterioration and reduced attendance. Afterward, there were smaller temporary steel bleachers across the stadium's open end until the building of the Murr Center (which is topped by the new scoreboard) in 1998.

Harvard Stadium hosted one Boston Patriots season in 1970. It was their first season in the NFL after the AFL–NFL merger and their last before becoming the New England Patriots. The team moved to Schaefer Stadium in Foxborough the following season.

History

The stadium under construction, 1903

Harvard Stadium was constructed on 31 acres (13 ha) of land known as Soldiers Field, donated to Harvard University by Henry Lee Higginson in 1890 as a memorial to Harvard men who had died in the Civil War (1861–1865). ^[8] The structure, similar in shape to the Panathenaic Stadium, was completed in just 4½ months costing $310,000. Much of the funds raised came from a 25th reunion gift by Harvard's Class of 1879. It is the home of Harvard's football team. The stadium also hosted the Crimson track and field teams until 1984 and was the home of the Boston Patriots during the 1970 season, until Schaefer Stadium opened the following year to fulfill post-AFL–NFL merger minimum seating requirements requiring a 50,000+ seat venue. Harvard Stadium was the largest concrete stadium in the nation until the construction of Syracuse University's Archbold Stadium in 1907. ^[9]

Lewis Jerome Johnson, professor of civil engineering at Harvard, was a consultant to the design team for the stadium. It is historically significant that this stadium represents the first vertical concrete structure to employ reinforced structural concrete. Prior to the erection of the stadium in 1902, reinforced structural concrete was used in horizontal, that is flooring, sidewalks, etc., design only. Johnson was the engineer of note responsible for incorporating the concept into the vertical structure of the stadium design. There is a plaque dedicating the stadium to his honor on the east end wall outside the stadium.

Harvard installed both FieldTurf and lights in 2006. ^[10] In 2007, Harvard played its first night game at the stadium, winning 24–17 over Brown University on September 22. ^{[11] [12]}

Influence on American Football

In the early 20th century, American football was an extremely violent sport. 18 players died and 159 were seriously injured in 1905 alone. ^[13] There was a widespread movement to outlaw the game but U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt intervened and demanded the rules of the game be reformed. In 1906, Roosevelt met with representatives from 62 colleges and universities and formed the Intercollegiate Football Conference, the predecessor of the NCAA. ^[14] The committee's purpose was to develop a uniform set of rules and regulations to make the game safer. A leading proposal, at the time, was widening the field to allow more running room and reduce serious collisions. While it was popular among committee members, Harvard objected. Their recently completed stadium could not accommodate a larger field. Because of the permanent nature of Harvard Stadium, the proposal was rejected and the forward pass was legalized in April 1906. ^[15] Harvard Stadium led to the creation of two of the most fundamental aspects of modern American football: standard field dimensions and the legal forward pass.

Other events

Ice hockey game at Harvard Stadium, 1910

Early in its existence two ice rinks were built on the stadium during the winter months for the men's ice hockey team. The Stadium served as the home for the hockey team until World War I. ^[16]

Harvard Stadium was the site of the U.S. Olympic Trials for men's track and field in 1912, 1920, 1924, and 1928.

It is also the host of music festivals like the Amandla Festival, where Jamaican reggae legend Bob Marley performed a historic concert in 1979. Janis Joplin performed her last show at the stadium in 1970, shortly before her death. Other concerts included those by Miles Davis, Ray Charles, Van Morrison, The Band, B.B. King, Ike & Tina Turner, James Taylor, Joan Baez, Sly and the Family Stone, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, The Supremes, Mountain, Ten Years After and Johnny Mathis. During the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, the stadium hosted several soccer preliminaries. ^[17] In 2007, the Boston Cannons, a professional lacrosse team for Major League Lacrosse, moved their home site to the stadium. They previously played at Boston University's Nickerson Field. They have since moved to Quincy, MA. ^[18]

Harvard installed FieldTurf and lights in 2006.

Beginning on April 11, 2009, Harvard Stadium became the home field of the Boston Breakers of the Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) league when they beat Saint Louis Athletica 2–0.

Soccer

Soccer games played at Harvard Stadium during the 1984 Summer Olympics

George H. W. Bush participates in the Opening Ceremonies for Olympic soccer tournament in 1984

Date	Time (EDT)	Team #1	Result	Team #2	Round	Attendance
July 29	19.30	Norway	0–0	Chile	Group A	25,000
July 30	19.30	Canada	1–1	Iraq	Group B	16,730
July 31	19.00	Norway	1–2	France	Group A	27,832
August 1	19.00	Cameroon	1–0	Iraq	Group B	20,000
August 2	19.00	Qatar	0–2	Norway	Group A	17,529
August 3	19.00	Cameroon	1–3	Canada	Group B	27,261

American football at Harvard Stadium

Harvard-Yale game in 1905

To mark the 100th anniversary of Harvard's marching band, hundreds of alumni joined the band on the field during the Cornell game, October 12, 2019

Location

Although most of Harvard's campus is in Cambridge, the stadium and most other intercollegiate athletic facilities, along with Harvard Business School, lie to the south, across the Charles River, in the nearby Allston neighborhood of Boston. The stadium is the most iconic piece of the Soldiers Field athletic complex, which also includes the baseball stadium, outdoor track, an artificial turf field hockey/lacrosse field, two soccer stadiums, pools, Beren Tennis Center (outdoor), the Gordon Indoor Track, Dillon Fieldhouse, Lavietes Pavilion, and Bright Hockey Center. Newell Boathouse, home of Harvard's men's crew, lies across Soldiers Field Road on the banks of the Charles.

The stadium's horseshoe opens to the northeast, towards the river, and the press box is at the top of the northwest sideline's grandstand. The running track has been removed; it was non-standard, with long straights and tight turns, and the outside lanes were very near the stadium walls.

Gallery

• 
  Dedication Plaque by the Class of 1879–1903
• 
  Performance of Greek Play – 1905
• 
  Aerial view, c. 1930–45
• 
  John F. Kennedy attending a game in 1963
• 
  Scoreboard – 1984–2007
• 
  Exterior ivy, removed in 2006
• 
  Aerial view of the 2006 Harvard-Yale game – the Murr Center (built in 1998) now sits across the open end of the stadium
• 
  The stadium's southwest-facing exterior, 2006
• 
  View of the field in 2009
• 
  Scoreboard, 2011
• 
  Cheerleaders in Harvard Stadium, 2019

See also

• Harvard Crimson
• List of NCAA Division I FCS football stadiums
• List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts
• National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Boston, Massachusetts

References

1. "Harvard Stadium Football History". Harvard University. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
2. Lisa Kennelly, Extreme Makeover: Harvard Stadium, Harvard Crimson April 13, 2006.
3. 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" . Retrieved February 29, 2024.
4. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
5. "Campus Spotlight Harvard Stadium". Harvard University. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
6. "NRHP nomination for Harvard Stadium". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
7. "Aerial view of Harvard Stadium". Digital Commonwealth. Newton, Massachusetts). 1930. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
8. Harvard University (1949). "Memorial Hall". Education, bricks and mortar: Harvard buildings and their contribution to the advancement of learning. p. 82n. ISBN   9780674238855.
9. Searing, Robert (29 September 2021). "In 1907, Syracuse University opens Archbold Stadium, called then the 'greatest athletic arena in America'". The Post-Standard . Retrieved 12 October 2021.
10. "Harvard Stadium". Boston Cannons. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
11. "Harvard 24, Brown 17". ESPN. Associated Press. September 22, 2007. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
12. Glenn, Malcolm A. (September 23, 2007). "Football topples Brown in historic night game". Harvard Crimson. (Cambridge, Massachusetts). Retrieved December 1, 2017.
13. "First and 100". The Harvard Magazine. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
14. "The 1905 Movement to Reform Football". Library of Congress document. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
15. "Saturday Night Lights: Harvard Stadium Joins the 21st Century". New York Times. 22 September 2007. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
16. "Timeline of Tradition" (PDF). Harvard Crimson. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
17. 1984 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 1. Part 1. pp. 129-31.
18. Malcom A. Glenn, Improved Stadium Scores Pro Team, Harvard Crimson, February 23, 2007.

External links

• Official website

Events and tenants
Preceded by Alumni Stadium	Home of the Boston Patriots 1970	Succeeded by Foxboro Stadium
Preceded by various venues Soviet Union	Summer Olympics Soccer venue 1984	Succeeded by various venues South Korea
Preceded by Nickerson Field	Home of the Boston Cannons   2007–2018	Succeeded by Veterans Memorial Stadium (Quincy)