History of the Appalachian people in Chicago

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The city of Chicago, Illinois is home to a significant Appalachian population. The Appalachian community has historically been centered in the neighborhood of Uptown. Beginning after World War I, Appalachian people moved to Chicago in droves seeking jobs. Between 1940 and 1970, approximately 3.2 million Appalachian and Southern migrants settled in Chicago and elsewhere in the Midwest. Due to immigration restrictions in the 1920s, personnel managers in Chicago encouraged working-class migrants from the Upland South to fill those jobs. [28] The culture of Chicago has been significantly influenced by the culture, music, and politics of Appalachia. The majority of people of Appalachian heritage in Chicago are white or black, though Appalachian people can be of any race, ethnicity, or religion.

Contents

History

By the 1950s and 1960s, the Uptown neighborhood of Chicago had gained a reputation as a "Hillbilly Heaven". For several decades, the neighborhood was locally famous for being an enclave of white Southern migrants, many of whom were from Appalachia. While many Appalachian and Southern migrants settled in other Chicago neighborhoods, the Appalachian population was the densest and the poorest in Uptown. There was still a substantial Appalachian presence in Uptown by the 1970s, but by the 1990s the Appalachian community had largely dissipated. [29]

Culture

Carol's Pub, a country-and-western bar established in 1972, is one of the few remaining legacies of the Appalachian community in Uptown. [30]

Politics

In the 1960s and 1970s, the Young Patriots Organization operated in Uptown. The YPO was a socialist, anti-racist organization composed primarily of young, poor white migrants from Appalachia, although membership was open to people of all races. The Young Patriots organized alongside other militant groups such as the Young Lords and the Black Panther Party as part of Fred Hampton's Rainbow Coalition. The Young Patriots grew out of a hillbilly street gang known as the Peace Makers and initially wore the Confederate flag, but eventually stopped wearing the flag out of respect for the Black Panthers. [31]

Religion

Appalachian migrants to Chicago were overwhelmingly Protestant. Some migrants came from such isolated areas that they had never met any Catholics or Jews prior to migrating to Chicago. [29] Appalachian Southern Baptists founded numerous churches in Chicago. Chicago only had 9 Southern Baptist Convention-affiliated churches in 1950, but by 1959 that number had increased to more than 70 churches. [28]

Notable Appalachian-Americans from Chicago

See also

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The Metro Detroit region of Michigan is home to a significant Appalachian population, one of the largest populations of Urban Appalachians in the United States. The most common state of origin for Appalachian people in Detroit is Kentucky, while many others came from Tennessee, West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, and elsewhere in the Appalachia region. The Appalachian population has historically been centered in the Detroit neighborhoods of Brightmoor, Springwells, Corktown and North Corktown, as well as the Detroit suburbs of Hazel Park, Ypsilanti, Taylor, and Warren. Beginning after World War I, Appalachian people moved to Detroit in large numbers seeking jobs. Between 1940 and 1970, approximately 3.2 million Appalachian and Southern migrants settled in the Midwest, particularly in large cities such as Detroit and Chicago. This massive influx of rural Appalachian people into Northern and Midwestern cities has been called the "Hillbilly Highway". The culture of Metro Detroit has been significantly influenced by the culture, music, and politics of Appalachia. The majority of people of Appalachian heritage in Metro Detroit are Christian and either white or black, though Appalachian people can be of any race, ethnicity, or religion.

References

  1. ↑ "Armenians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  2. ↑ "Afghans". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  3. ↑ "Albanians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  4. ↑ "Assyrians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  5. ↑ "Austrians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  6. ↑ "Belarusians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  7. ↑ "Belgians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  8. ↑ "Brazilians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  9. ↑ "Croatians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  10. ↑ "Dutch". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  11. ↑ "English". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  12. ↑ "Estonians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  13. ↑ "Finns". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  14. ↑ "Ghanaians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  15. ↑ "Guatemalans". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  16. ↑ "Iranians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  17. ↑ "Latvians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
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  19. ↑ "Nigerians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
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  24. ↑ "Russians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
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  27. ↑ "Turks". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  28. 1 2 "Southerners". Encyclopedia of Chicago . Retrieved 2020-02-22.
  29. 1 2 "Uptown's moment as a 'Hillbilly Heaven'". WBEZ . Retrieved 2020-02-22.
  30. ↑ "Chicago's Hillbilly Problem During the Great Migration". Chicago Magazine . Retrieved 2020-02-22.
  31. ↑ "Black Panther Fred Hampton Created a "Rainbow Coalition" to Support Poor Americans". Teen Vogue . Retrieved 2020-02-26.

Bibliography

Roger Guy, From Diversity to Unity: Southern and Appalachian Migrants in Uptown Chicago, 1950-1970, Lexington Books, Cleveland, 2009.

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