| Kengcheng State | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State of the Shan States | |||||||||||
| 18th century–1896 | |||||||||||
 | |||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• Foundation of the state | 18th century | ||||||||||
• Division of the state | 1896 | ||||||||||
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Kengcheng or Keng Cheng (also known as Kyaingchaing and Chiang Khaeng) was one of the Shan states. In 1896, part of Keng Cheng was incorporated into the neighbouring state of Kengtung in what is today Burma, and the other part, which is now in Laos, went to French Indochina. [1]
Kengcheng was a tributary state of the King of Burma until 1887, when the Shan states submitted to British rule after the fall of the Konbaung dynasty. The capital of Keng Cheng was at Muang Sing (now part of Laos). [2]
In 1896, Kengcheng was divided between British Burma and French Indochina with the Mekong as a border. The districts of the Cis-Mekong part of the state were merged with Kengtung State and the eastern districts, now the Muang Sing area, went first to Siam and then to the French. The limit between Kengtung and China was demarcated by an Anglo-Chinese commission in 1898–1899. [3]
Sir George Scott mentioned the following about the Keng Cheng Myosa: [4]
This was the unfortunate man who was told that he belonged to Siam and then that he didn't. Half his territory finally handed over to France.
The rulers of Kengcheng had the title Ngwegunhmu and by c. 1880, it changed to Myoza. [5]
The Shan people, also known as the Tai Long or Tai Yai, are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia. The Shan are the biggest minority of Burma (Myanmar) and primarily live in the Shan State of this country, but also inhabit parts of Mandalay Region, Kachin State, Kayah State, Sagaing Region and Kayin State, and in adjacent regions of China, Laos, Assam and Meghalaya, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand. Though no reliable census has been taken in Burma since 1935, the Shan are estimated to number 4–6 million, with CIA Factbook giving an estimate of five million spread throughout Myanmar which is about 10% of the overall Burmese population.
Shan State, also known by the endonym Shanland, is a state of Myanmar. Shan State borders China (Yunnan) to the north, Laos to the east, and Thailand to the south, and five administrative divisions of Burma (Myanmar) in the west. The largest of the 14 administrative divisions by land area, Shan State covers 155,800 km2, almost a quarter of the total area of Myanmar. The state gets its name from Burmese name for the Tai peoples: "Shan people". The Tai (Shan) constitute the majority among several ethnic groups that inhabit the area. Shanland is largely rural, with only three cities of significant size: Lashio, Kengtung, and the capital, Taunggyi. Taunggyi is 150.7 km northeast of the nation's capital Naypyitaw.
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Kingdom of Rattanatingsa or Kingdom of Chiang Mai was the vassal state of the Siamese Rattanakosin Kingdom in the 18th and 19th century before being annexed according to the centralization policies of Chulalongkorn in 1899. The kingdom was a successor of the medieval Lanna kingdom, which had been under Burmese rule for two centuries until it was captured by Siamese forces under Taksin of Thonburi in 1774. It was ruled by the Thipchak Dynasty and came under Thonburi tributary.
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The Burmese–Siamese War of 1849–1855 or Siamese Invasions of Kengtung or Kengtung Wars were military expeditions of the Siamese Rattanakosin Kingdom against the Tai Khün State of Kengtung, which had been under Burmese suzerainty under the Konbaung dynasty. The dynastic struggles in Tai Lue State of Chiang Hung or Sipsongpanna prompted Siam, in cooperation with the Kingdom of Lanna, to invade Kengtung in order to gain access to Chiang Hung. In the First Invasion in 1850, the Siamese court had ordered the Lanna Lord of Chiang Mai to organize the offensives against Kengtung. Lanna troops failed to conquer Kengtung. Two other expeditions occurred in 1852 and 1853 as Bangkok commanded its troops to directly participate in the invasions. Both expeditions also failed because of internal issues and geographical unfamiliarity. The State of Kengtung under the leadership of Saopha Maha Hkanan, with limited assistance from Burma who had been embroiling in the Second Anglo-Burmese War, managed to resist Siamese-Lanna invasions three times.
Hsipaw, also known as Thibaw, was a Shan state in what is today Myanmar. Its capital was Hsipaw town. Hsipaw State was perhaps one of the most well known and powerful Shan States.
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Kengtung, known as Menggen Prefecture or Möng Khün Chiefdom or Mueng Khuen Fu from 1405 to 1895, was a Shan state in what is today Burma. The capital and the residence of the ruler was Kengtung in the centre of the state. It was the only urban area in this mountainous state whose landscape is dominated by the Daen Lao Range.
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Mogaung or Möngkawng was a Shan state in what is present-day Myanmar. It was an outlying territory, located away from the main Shan State area in present-day Kachin State. The state existed until 1796. The main town was Mogaung.
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21°21′N100°52′E / 21.350°N 100.867°E
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