List of canals in Pakistan

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Pakistan has one of the largest man-made canal systems in the world providing irrigation facilities to 48 million acres. [1] Canal network of Pakistan consists of Main Canals, Branch Canals, Link Canals, Major distributaries, Minor distributaries, and Watercourses or Field Channels. [2]

Contents

Main Canal: A principal channel off-taking directly from a river or reservoir which has discharge capacity of above 25 cubic meter/sec (cumecs) is called Main Canal or Main Line. These Canals are not used for direct irrigation. They drive water from the river/ reservoir through head regulator and feed it to Branch Canals and Major distributaries.

Branch Canal: They take-off water from Main Canal and feed the Major and Minor distributaries. They are also not used for direct irrigation. Their discharge capacity usually ranges from 5-25 cubic meter/second.

Link Canal: These Canals are meant to Transfer Water of three Western Rivers, namely Chenab, Jhelum and Indus to the canals dependent on the three Eastern Rivers, namely Sutlej, Beas and Ravi.

Some of the notable canals of Pakistan are listed here. [1] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Canals in Punjab

NameOff-take PointRiverLength (Km)Designed Head Discharge (cusecs)Cultivable Command Area (Acres)ObjectivesCompletion Year
Greater Thal Canal Chashma-Jhelum Link Canal Indus 358,500355,000Irrigation of Land in Khushab Bhakkar and Layyah Districts of Punjab.2009

(Phase I)

Chashma-Jhelum Link Canal Chashma Barrage Indus 21,700n/aDivert water from River Indus to River Jehlum to meet the requirement of the canals off-taking at Trimmu Barrage on river Jehlum.1971
Chashma Right Bank Canal Chashma Barrage Indus 2721,800267,666Irrigation of lands in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa & Punjab.2003
Thal Canal Upper Jinnah Barrage Indus 509,0002,115,931Irrigation of Land in Khushab, Bhakkar and Mianwali Districts of Punjab.1949
Lower Bari Doab Canal Balloki Headworks Ravi 2129,2921,845,974Irrigates land of Okara, Pakpattan, Sahiwal, and Khanewal districts.1914
Balloki Sulemanki Link Canal Balloki Barrage Ravi 8524,500n/aIt originates from Balloki Barrage on River Ravi and connects with the River Sutlej at Sulemanki Barrage.
Sidhnai CanalSidhnai Headworks Ravi 504,005831,369
Sidhnai Mailsi Bahawal Link CanalSidhnai Headworks Ravi 11911,300n/aFeeds water of River Ravi to River Sutlej.
Lower Bahawal CanalSidhnai Mailsi Bahawal Link Canal Ravi 766,730771,000
Upper Depalpur CanalBRBD Link Canal Ravi 662,380345,000
Lower Depalpur CanalBalloki Sulemanki Link Canal Ravi 82,360450,500
Marala Ravi Link Canal Marala Barrage Chenab 10122,000154,987Originates from Marala Barrage and transfers the water of Chenab to Ravi.1956
Upper Chenab Canal Marala Barrage Chenab 4216,8501,210,700Irrigates the lands of Gujranwala, Kamoke, Muridke and Sheikhupura.1912
Lower Chenab Canal Khanki Barrage Chenab 648,1433,400,000Irrigation of land in Gujranwala, Hafizabad, Sheikhupura, Nanakana Sahib, Faisalabad, Jhang and Toba Tek Singh.1898
Haveli Main Line Trimmu Barrage Chenab 697,3751,024,000Irrigates the lands of Jhang, Toba Tek Singh, Muzaffargarh, Khanewal, Multan
Rangpur Canal Trimmu Barrage Chenab 1032,710230,000Irrigates the lands of Jhang, Muzaffargarh
Trimmu Sidhnai Link Canal Trimmu Barrage Chenab 6912,500n/aTransfers water from Trimmu Barage in to the Ravi River.
Qadirabad Balloki Link CanalQadirabad Barrage Chenab 1272,5000n/aIt is an extension of Rasul-Qadirabad Link Canal by which the water is transferred to the Ravi river.
Punjnad Canal Punjnad Barrage Chenab 9210,4841,421,000
Abbasia Link Canal Punjnad Barrage Chenab 765,600n/a
Abbasia Canal Punjnad Barrage Chenab 711,394251,000
Upper Jhelum Canal Mangla Reservoir Jehlum 1428,975535,000Irrigate the plains of Gujrat and Mandi Bahauddin. Provide its surplus water to the lower Chenab Canal.1916
Lower Jhelum Canal Rasul Barrage Jehlum 635,2801,453,000Its command area includes the greater part of Chaj Doab – Sargodha, Mandi Bahauddin and Jhang districts in Punjab.1904
Jalalpur Canal Rasul Barrage Jehlum 117175,000Irrigate the land in Jhelum and Khushab Districts.2023
Rasul-Qadirabad Link Canal Rasul Barrage Jehlum 4719,000n/aIt carries water from Rasul Barrage on River Jhelum to the River Chenab.
Bahawal Canal Islam Barrage Sutlej 162,74052,023
Fordwah Canal Sulemanki Barrage Sutlej 133,447430,112
Eastern Sadiqia Canal Sulemanki Barrage Sutlej 796,8201,075,000Irrigate the land of Nili bar.
Upper Pakpattan Canal Sulemanki Barrage Sutlej 1825,508961,158Irrigates the lands of Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari, Lodhran.
Lower Pakpattan CanalSidhnai Mailsi Bahawal Link Canal Sutlej 2141,160308,568Irrigates the lands of Vehari, Lodhran, Multan.
Qaim Canal Islam Headworks Sutlej 1148352,797
Kachhi Canal Taunsa Barrage Indus 3996,00072,000Irrigation of Land in District Dera Bugti, Balochistan.2017
DG Khan Canal Taunsa Barrage Indus 1118,900901,981
Taunsa Punjnad Link Canal Taunsa Barrage Indus 611,2002,000,000Carries water from Taunsa on the Indus River to the Chenab river to feed the Punjab canals.
Muzaffargarh Canal Taunsa Barrage Indus 1198,901838,380

Canals in Sindh

NameOff-take PointRiverDesigned Head Discharge (cusecs)Cultivable Command Area (Acres)ObjectivesCompletion Year
Rainee Canal Guddu Barrage Indus 5,155113,690Irrigation of Land in District Ghotki of Sindh.2014
Ghotki Canal Guddu Barrage Indus 8,490
Pat Feeder Canal Guddu Barrage Indus Irrigate areas in the Nasirabad and Jafarabad districts of Balochistan.1963
Desert Pat Feeder Guddu Barrage Indus 13,275Irrigation of Land in Naseerabad, Jaffarabad, Sohbatpur and Jhal Magsi.
Begari Sindh Feeder Guddu Barrage Indus 14,764
Nara Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 13,6492,300,000It is the longest canal of Pakistan. This Canal caters for an area of 2.3 million acres which is nearly equivalent to the entire Sindh area settled on Guddu Barrage alone.1858
Rohri Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 10,8872,600,000Cotton, wheat and sugar-cane are the main crops grown on this canal system.
Nasrat Canal (Sada Wah) [7] Sukkur Barrage Indus
Khairpur East Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 2,094
Khairpur West Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 1,940
North Western Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 5,152965,000
Rice Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 10,658It is a seasonal canal which flows only in kharif season and is designed for rice cultivation in Larkana and surrounding districts.
Dadu Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 3,1501,300,000It cultivates the fields of paddy, vegetable and cotton crops in Sindh.
Fuleli Canal Kotri Barrage Indus 14,859
Kalri Canal Kotri Barrage Indus 9,000
Pinyari Canal Kotri Barrage Indus 13,636
Akram Wah Canal Kotri Barrage Indus 4,100

Canals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

NameOff-take PointRiverDesigned Head Discharge (cusecs)Cultivable Command Area (Acres)
Upper Swat CanalAmandara Headworks Swat 3,600281,000
Lower Swat CanalMunda Headworks Swat 1,940134,500
Pehur Main Canal Tarbela Reservoir Indus 25044,888
Pehur High Level Canal Tarbela Reservoir Indus 100010,531
Warsak Canal Warsak Dam Kabul 595107,414
Kabul River Canal Warsak Dam Kabul 80072,000

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mangla Dam</span> Multipurpose dam in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

The Mangla Dam is a multipurpose dam situated on the Jhelum River in the Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is the sixth-largest dam in the world. The village of Mangla, which sits at the mouth of the dam, serves as its namesake. In November 1961, the project's selected contractors were revealed; it was announced that Binnie & Partners, a British engineering firm, was going to serve as the lead designers, engineers, and inspectors for the construction of the dam. The project was undertaken by a consortium known as the Mangla Dam Contractors, which consisted of eight American construction firms sponsored by the Guy F. Atkinson Company based in South San Francisco, California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tarbela Dam</span> Dam in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Tarbela Dam is an earth-filled dam along the Indus River in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It is located mainly in the Swabi District Tehsil Topi of the province. It is about 20 km (10 mi) from the city of Swabi KPK, 105 km (65 mi) northwest of Islamabad, and 125 km (80 mi) east of Peshawar. It is the largest earth-filled dam in the world. The dam is 143 metres (470 ft) high above the riverbed and its reservoir, Tarbela Lake, has a surface area of approximately 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sukkur Barrage</span>

Sukkur Barrage is a barrage on the River Indus near the city of Sukkur in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The barrage was built during the British Raj from 1923 to 1932 and was named Lloyd Barrage. The Sukkur Barrage, is the pride of Pakistan's irrigation system as it is the largest single irrigation network of its kind in the world. It irrigates from Sukkur district in the north, to Mirpurkhas/Tharparkar and Hyderabad districts in the south of Sindh, almost all parts of the province. It is situated about 500 kilometres northeast of Karachi, 5 kilometres below the railway bridge, or the Sukkur Gorge. The introduction of barrage-controlled irrigation system resulted in more timely water supplies for the existing cultivated areas of Sindh province of Pakistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guddu Barrage</span> Dam or barrage on a river

Guddu Barrage is a barrage on the Indus River near Kashmore in the Sindh province of Pakistan. President Iskander Mirza laid the foundation-stone of Guddu Barrage on 2 February 1957. The barrage was completed in 1962 at a cost of 474.8 million rupees and inaugurated by Field Marshal Ayub Khan in 1962.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gomal Zam Dam</span> Dam in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Gomal Zam Dam is a multi-purpose gravity dam in South Waziristan Tribal District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The dam impounds the Gomal River, a tributary of the Indus River, at Khjori Kach, where the Gomal River passes through a narrow ravine. The purpose of the dam is irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power generation. Construction of the dam began in August 2001 and was completed in April 2011. The powerhouse was completed in March 2013 and electricity production started in August 2013. The dam was officially inaugurated on 12 September 2013 by Minister for Water and Power Khawaja Muhammad Asif, along with US Ambassador Richard G. Olson and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Governor Shaukatullah Khan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chashma Barrage</span> Dam in Chashma, Mianwali District

Chashma Barrage is a barrage on the River Indus in the Mianwali District of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is 304 km northwest of Lahore and 56 km downstream of Jinnah Barrage. The contract for Chashma Barrage works was awarded on 10 February, 1967, to French Consortium Société Dumez and Société Borie and was successfully completed by 25 March, 1971. The total cost of Chashma Barrage works was Rs.399 million but power generation started later in 2001. The installed capacity of power station is 184 MW, from eight Kaplan-type bulb turbine units, each with a 23 MW capacity. The bulb turbines have been installed for the first time in Pakistan. The first unit was commissioned in January 2001, while final commissioning of all units was completed in July 2001. The 8 Kaplan-type turbines and synchronous generator units were made by Fuji, Japan.

Diamer-Bhasha Dam is a concreted-filled gravity dam, in the preliminary stages of construction, on the River Indus between Kohistan district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Diamer district in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan administered Kashmir. Its foundation stone was laid by the then Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1998. The dam site is situated near a place called "Bhasha", hence the name which is 40 km downstream of Chilas town and 315 km from Tarbela Dam. The eight million acre feet (MAF) reservoir with 272-metre height will be the tallest roller compact concrete (RCC) dam in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ghazi-Barotha Hydropower Project</span> Dam in Punjab and Haripur, KP

Ghazi-Barotha Hydropower Project is a 1,450 MW run-of-the-river hydropower, connected to the Indus River. It is located about 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Attock in the Punjab province and east of Haripur in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Construction of the project began in 1995. It consists of five generators, each possessing a maximum power generation capacity of 290 MW. The inauguration of the plant took place on 19 August 2003, presided over by the then President General Pervez Musharraf. It also saw the commissioning of the first two of the five generators i.e. Unit 1 and Unit 2. The last generator was commissioned on 6 April, 2004, and the project was completed by December the same year. It costed US$2.1 billion with funding from Pakistan's Water and Power Development Authority, the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, Japan Bank for International Cooperation, Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau, European Investment Bank and Islamic Development Bank.

Khanki Headworks is a headworks situated on the River Chenab in Gujranwala District of the Punjab province of Pakistan. The construction of this headworks was completed in 1889 and was one of the oldest headworks in Pakistan.

Rasul Barrage is a barrage on the River Jehlum between Jhelum District and Mandi Bahauddin District of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated 72 km downstream of Mangla Dam.

Sulemanki Headworks is a headworks on the River Sutlej in Sulemanki Village, near Depalpur City in Okara district of the Punjab province of Pakistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kotri Barrage</span>

Kotri Barrage, also known as the Ghulam Muhammad Barrage, is a barrage on the Indus River between Jamshoro and Hyderabad in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The barrage was completed in 1955 and was inaugurated by Ghulam Muhammad. It is used to control water flow in the Indus for irrigation and flood control purposes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Narmada Canal</span> River in Rajasthan, India

The Narmada Canal is a contour canal in Western India that brings water from the Sardar Sarovar Dam to the state of Gujarat and then into Rajasthan state. The main canal has a length of 532 kilometres (331 mi). It is the second longest canal in India and the largest canal by water carrying capacity. The main canal is connected with 42 branch canals providing irrigation to 2,129,000 hectares farmland. The canal is designed to transfer 9.5 million acre-feet water annually from the Narmada Basin to areas under other river basins in Gujarat and Rajasthan..

Bara Dam is a proposed small, low-head, earth core rockfill, hydroelectric dam with a capacity of 5.8 megawatts, located across Bara River at the confluence of Mastura River in Tirah Valley, Khyber Agency, FATA, Pakistan. It is part of a wider plan that consists in remodeling the Bara River, to promote agriculture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pazhassi Dam</span> Dam in Kerala, India

The Pazhassi Dam also called Kulur Barrage is a stone masonry diversion structure in Kannur district, Kerala, India. It is named after king Pazhassi Raja, a patriot who died a heroic death in the war. The dam is constructed across the west flowing Bavali river near Veliyambra. It was commissioned by Prime Minister Morarji Desai in 1979. It mainly functions as an irrigation dam, serving a command area of 11,525 hectares in Iritty taluk of the Kannur District. The water from this dam also meets the drinking water requirement of Kannur district. The dam site and the reservoir are known for their scenery.

Rainee Canal Project is located in Ghotki, Sukkur and Khairpur Districts of Sindh Province in Pakistan. It is a canal that starts from the left bank of the Indus River at Guddu Barrage. The total length of the main canal is about 175 km and length of its distributaries will be around 686 km.

Left Bank Outfall Drain is a drainage canal in Pakistan. Built between 1987 and 1997 using funding from the World Bank, the canal collects saline water, industrial effluents and Indus river basin floodwater from more than two million hectares of land of Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar, Mirpurkhas and Badin districts located in Nara river basin into the Arabian Sea.

Madhopur Headworks is a barrage on the Ravi River in Madhopur, just 14 km from Pathankot city in Pathankot district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is located on the border with Jammu and Kashmir. The Upper Bari Doab Canal (UBDC) off-taking from Madhopur irrigates agricultural lands in Punjab and provides water to the cities of Pathankot, Gurdaspur, Batala and Amritsar.

Sindh Barrage is a proposed project in Sindh, Pakistan that will be constructed on the River Indus in between the Kotri Barrage and the Indus River outfall into the Arabian Sea.

References

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  2. "Water Resources and Irrigation Network of Pakistan" (PDF). tripleis.org. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  3. "irrigation zone". irrigation.punjab.gov.pk. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  4. "irrigation network". irrigation.sindh.gov.pk. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  5. "irrigation infrastructure".
  6. "IRSA Balochistan". pakirsa.gov.pk. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  7. "Nusrat Canal overflows". DAWN.COM. 2006-10-06. Retrieved 2024-02-19.