Omar Ali Saifuddien III عمر علي سيف الدين ٣ | |
---|---|
Sultan of Brunei | |
Reign | 4 June 1950 – 5 October 1967 |
Coronation | 31 May 1951 |
Predecessor | Ahmad Tajuddin |
Successor | Hassanal Bolkiah |
Minister of Defence Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces | |
In office 1 January 1984 –7 September 1986 | |
Monarch | Hassanal Bolkiah |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Hassanal Bolkiah |
Born | Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien 23 September 1914 Istana Kota,Brunei Town,Brunei |
Died | 7 September 1986 71) Istana Darussalam,Bandar Seri Begawan,Brunei | (aged
Burial | 8 September 1986 |
Spouse | Dayang Siti Amin (m. 1937;div. 1944)Pengiran Anak Hajah Salhah (m. 1980) |
Issue | List
|
House | Bolkiah |
Father | Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II |
Mother | Pengiran Anak Siti Fatimah |
Religion | Sunni Islam |
Signature |
Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien (Jawi: عمر علي سيف الدين سعد الخير والدين; 23 September 1914 – 7 September 1986) was the 28th Sultan of Brunei, reigning from 1950 until his abdication in 1967 to his oldest son, Hassanal Bolkiah.
Over the course of his 17-year reign, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III significantly altered Brunei. His contributions to Brunei's development earned him the title "Architect of Modern Brunei." [1] [2] He also created the Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB) philosophy, which is the country's guiding ideology. [3] In order to prepare his people for the restoration of the state's sovereign rights—which had been started by his predecessor and spurred by the Brunei nationalist movement toward the close of World War II—he also started social and economic reform. He was known as "The Royal Poet", [2] and "The Father of Independence". [2]
Pengiran Muda Omar Ali Saifuddien was born at Istana Kota, Kampong Sultan Lama, Brunei Town on 23 September 1914. [4] [3] He was the second son of Muhammad Jamalul Alam II and Raja Isteri Fatimah. [5] On the behest of his British mentor and father-figure Sir Roland Evelyn Turnbull, he enrolled together with two of his cousins at the Malay College Kuala Kangsar (MCKK) in Perak, British Malaya from 1932 to 1936. [6] As a result, he was the first of the Brunei sultans to receive formal education in a foreign institution. [7]
After completing education in Malaya, he returned to Brunei in 1936 to work in the Forestry Department, as a cadet officer. In 1937, he was transferred to the Judiciary Department, also became an administrative officer in 1938. [5] During the Japanese occupation of Brunei from 1941 until 1945, Omar Ali Saifuddien worked under State Secretary Ibrahim bin Mohammad Jahfar. [5] After the Second World War, in 1947, he was subsequently appointed a member of Brunei State Council and chairman of the Syariah Court. [8] He had the title Pengiran Bendahara Seri Maharaja Permaisuara conferred on him by his brother, Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin on 15 July 1947. [9]
Upon the sudden death of his brother in Singapore, who left no male heirs, on 4 June 1950, he was proclaimed by Pengiran Pemancha Pengiran Anak Haji Muhammad Yasin as the next Sultan at the Hall Government Office on 6 June 1950. [10] Omar Ali Saifuddien embraced his new role and asserted his authority by directing his late brother's burial at the Kubah Makam Di Raja upriver, contrary to Tengku Raihani's preference. [9]
At 2:30 p.m., British Resident Eric Ernest Falk Pretty formally declared Omar Ali Saifuddien as Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and the 28th sultan of Brunei, with the decision's origin remaining unclear between Sarawak's Governor Anthony Abell and Brunei's Council of State. Later, it was revealed that Pretty had installed Omar Ali Saifuddien as sultan "against significant local opposition." During a news conference held in Singapore early on 7 June 1950, MacBryan stated that the intended coronation of Omar Ali Saifuddin would not be possible without the elements of the Brunei royal regalia he had obtained. [9]
Omar Ali Saifuddien was crowned as the Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan in the Lapau on 31 May 1951. [5] In conjunction of the coronation, he was conferred with the Honorary Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (CMG) by Queen Elizabeth II. [11] [12]
Upon his ascension to the throne, Omar Ali Saifuddien also became the head of the Islamic religion in the country. [13] One important contribution of the Sultan was to regularise Islamic administration in Brunei. In 1948, a religious council, comprising the Mohammedan Religious Advisers was formed. Due to the Sultan's initiative, the council met for the first time on 31 January 1948. He himself was appointed chairman of this council. After examining several laws on Islamic affairs in the Malay Peninsula, the board made new proposals regarding the religious administration in Brunei. [13] The Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque, which was opened on 26 September 1958, is a testament to Omar Ali Saifuddien III's commitment to advancing and bolstering the Islamic faith in Brunei. As stated in the 1959 Brunei State Constitution, he is also in charge of declaring Islam to be the official religion of the nation. [3]
The Bruneian government spent B$10.65 million in total on educational issues. In 1954, this policy on education was first presented. The equipment of educational institutions, including secondary school s, adult education, and vocational training, is to be determined by this policy for Brunei. This plan calls for the development of thirty schools, and starting in November 1953, free meals will be served at each school. The English-language Raja Isteri Girls' High School in Brunei Town was finished in 1957, but only goes up to Form 3. These children will go to Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien College to sit for Forms 4 and 5 after completing the Lower Secondary Certificate Examination. Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam Secondary School in Brunei Town, Muda Hashim Secondary School in Tutong, and Sultan Hassan Secondary School in Temburong were the secondary schools that were finished in 1966. [3]
The Department of Religious Affairs, which oversees all national administrative concerns pertaining to Brunei's Islamic Constitution, was established on 1 July 1954, by Omar Ali Saifuddien. [14] Aspects of Islam are included in the plan, including legal issues, educational issues, religious message-related activities, and social administration. Two religious officials from Johor were brought to Brunei in 1954 in conjunction with that. Haji Ismail bin Omar Abdul Aziz and Haji Othman bin Mohammad Said are those individuals. The Bruneian government started holding an evening religious school in September 1956. Additionally, the government provides scholarships to a limited number of students to pursue further education overseas at Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt; Islamic College in Klang; and Madrasah Aljunied Al-Islamiah in Singapore. [3]
Omar Ali Saifuddien III designated the Seven Serangkai, or members of the Brunei State Constitutional Advisory Committee, in July 1953. They were tasked with creating the District Council, offering advice to the Sultan during the constitution's drafting, and creating reports that would be presented to the Sultan for further consideration. District Advisory Councils were formed in each of the four districts in 1955. He traveled to London in March 1959 as the head of a delegation to talk about the constitution. [3] [15]
The Menteri Besar (Chief Minister), the Secretary of State, the General, the State Finance Officer, and the Religious Advisor are the five administrators chosen under this constitution. Dato Ibrahim bin Mohammad Jahfar was Brunei's first Menteri Besar. [3] On 29 September 1959, the Constitution Agreement was signed in Brunei Town. The agreement was signed by Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Sir Robert Scott, the Commissioner-General for Southeast Asia. [16] The British delegation was led by Alan Lennox-Boyd, 1st Viscount Boyd of Merton who was the Secretary of State for the Colonies. The British Government later accepted the draft constitution. [17]
Some of the points of the constitution were: [18]
Five councils were also set up: [19]
...The success which we had get in this year (1959) had attract and made us happy, especially as a victory which our people had dreamed of, that is the Written Constitution for Brunei. With this Constitution, our country now faced one great change. With the enforcement of this Written Constitution, which, hopefully, can be enforced, this mean Brunei will had its internal self government.
— Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III, on his Titah on his 43rd Birthday celebration on 23 September 1959
Initiated in 1953, the first National Development Plan lasted five years. E.R. Bevington served as the National Development Commissioner during the time. [20] He was designated to present Brunei with any new plans. The Legislative Council allocated $100 million for this project in July 1953. One of the primary goals of this plan is to supply enough water, create bridges, telephones, buildings, and electric power plants for the convenience of Bruneians, and widen highways for communication. [3] Developments on education were made, as well as a written policy on education in 1952. [20] By 1958, expenditure on education totaled B$4 million. [20] Communications were also improved with new roads built and reconstruction works at Berakas Airport being completed at 1954. [21] A $14 million Gas Plant was built under the plan. In 1954, survey and exploration works were undertaken by Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) on both offshore and onshore fields. By 1956, production reached 114,700 bpd. He had launched the first delivery of a 10-inch oil pipeline from the seabed off the coast of the Seria oil field on 28 October 1964. [21]
The Second National Development Plan was launched in 1962. [21] This strategy aims to propel Brunei's economic and social development to new heights. One obvious indicator of economic growth is the area that has been turned over to commercial rice farming, which will improve the nation's agricultural sector and lessen the need to import rice from overseas. For their own knowledge and as a result of exporting goods outside, people can also learn how to grow coffee, banana s, wheat, peanut s, and other crops. [3] The plan also saw an increase of production of meat and eggs. The fishing industry increased its output by 25% throughout the course of the plan. [22]
Brunei saw fast growth in its oil industry between 1950 and 1967, with the first oil platform in Brunei was constructed off Seria in 1952. Omar Ali Saifuddien III officially opened the B$14 million gas pipeline installation three years later. The Seria oil field produced 114,700 tons of oil per day a year later. The Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) was founded in 1957. With 705,000 tons of natural gasoline (gasoline) produced from gas pipeline planting in Seria, the yield of crude oil has reached 39.5 million tons. [3] A major oil and gas field was discovered in 1963, with this discovery, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) became important. Developments in the oil and gas sector has continued actively and oil production has steadily increased since then. [22]
A deepwater Muara Port was also constructed under the plan. Power requirements were met and studies were made to provide electricity to rural areas. [22] Efforts were made to eradicate malaria, with the help of the World Health Organization, under the plan. Efforts were successful, bringing the down the cases of malaria from 300 cases in 1953 to only 66 cases in 1959. [23] The death rate was also brought down from 20 per thousand in 1947 to 11.3 per thousand in 1953. [23] This has been attributed to public sanitation and improvement of drainage and the provision of piped pure water to the population. [23]
Brunei's first state election was held on 30 and 31 August 1962. This was to elect members to sit in the Brunei Legislative Council. These elected members would then be involved in discussions of governmental policies. Despite this, the Sultan still held absolute power and authority in the government. [24] Among the political parties which contested in the election were Brunei People's Party (PRB), Barisan Nasional Organisation (BNO), and Brunei United Party (BUP). The polling went on for two days, which ended with the PRB winning the election. [24]
When Tunku Abdul Rahman, the prime minister of the Federation of Malaya announced his proposal for a merger of Singapore, North Borneo, Sarawak, and Brunei, Omar Ali Saifuddien saw this as an opportunity for Brunei to achieve independence from British influence. He sent a congratulatory telegraph to Tunku Abdul Rahman, showing his support for the merger. [25] For him, Brunei as a small country, still needed a protection of a larger country; the only way to achieve this was by merging with Malaysia and the rest of the states. This view was also shared by Lee Kuan Yew, the then-prime minister of Singapore. [26] [27] The Sultan considered the Federation of Malaya's proposals more carefully before making the ultimate decision because it may have an impact on Brunei's nationality, the country, and the future of religion. When the Malaysian Solidarity Consultative Committee (MSCC) initially convened in Jesselton in August 1961, Brunei abstained from the proceedings. The MSCC had its second debate in Kuching in December 1961, followed by the third debate in Kuala Lumpur, in January 1962. [3]
The PRB, including its leader who had considerable popular support, A. M. Azahari was against the merger. According to them, if Brunei was to join the Federation, Brunei would not have achieve full independence as it was viewed as a transfer of power from Britain to Malaya. On 8 December 1962, the PRB led a rebellion against the government. With British military aid deployed from Singapore, the rebellion was later crushed and the PRB were defeated. [28] Notably, the 2nd Gurkha Rifles was sent to Brunei in 1962, the year the Brunei Revolt started. Omar Ali Saifuddien III and his son, Hassanal Bolkiah was saved from his palace by Digby Willoughby and a small group of Gurkha soldiers, earning the Sultan's unwavering gratitude. [29]
After the rebellion, the discussion of joining the proposed North Borneo Federation continued. Omar Ali Saifuddien sent a delegation to attend meetings of the Malaysian Solidarity Consolidation Committee (MSCC). The views of the people were sought by the committee, which was chaired by Chief Minister of Brunei Dato Marsal bin Maun. [30]
In 1963, a meeting was held to discuss the prospect of Brunei joining Malaysia. Still, arguments arose due of differences about taxes. [31] Omar Ali Saifuddien III considered the discussion and held off on making a fast decision since he was offended by Tunku Abdul Rahman's proposals. Singapore and Brunei were not present when the Malaysia Agreement was signed in London in July 1963. The Federation of Malaysia was established in September 1963, but Brunei chose not to join the federation for its own reasons. [3] Even the initial date for the federation (which was 31 August 1963) was postponed to 16 September, no agreement was reached between the two sides. [31]
First of all, Omar Ali Saifuddien III disagrees with the Federal (Central) Government, which only permits Brunei to retain and profit from its oil production for ten years, following which the Federal Government will acquire the oil production proceeds. Furthermore, because the Head of the Association regarded him as holding the lowest status among the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, he disapproved of the planned rotational structure for the Agong's appointment. The proposed five-year term for Omar Ali Saifuddien III to serve as Malaysia's Yang Di-Pertuan Agong is another point of contention for the people of Brunei. [3]
Omar Ali Saifuddien also attended the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey, London on 2 June 1953. On 9 June 1953, he was conferred with the Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (KCMG) by Queen Elizabeth II. [32]
Upon his accession to the throne, Omar Ali Saifuddien maintained his predecessor's stance that the territories of Labuan and Limbang be returned to Brunei. Although Sarawak and Sabah had been a long time ago separated from Brunei, he advocated for their possible reunification into the Sultanate as well and a recreation of the old territorial extent of British Borneo. [33] The Bruneian administration continued to demand the district's restitution from the Malaysian government until 1950. The Limbang dispute resurfaced in 1973 following the escape of Zaini bin Haji Ahmad of the PRB together with seven other detainees via Limbang. Ahmad was granted political asylum in Malaysia and was also permitted to open an office of the PRB. In response, the government of Brunei revived their claim to the Limbang. [5] [34]
In actuality, Omar Ali Saifuddien III was able to gather petition s from residents of the Lower Limbang expressing their wish to join Brunei by sailing up the Limbang River in a launch. As a result of the Sarawak government's anti-Brunei protests and Brunei's recall of all its students enrolled at Malaysian universities, there was a negative impact on relations between the two countries. [5] This advocacy continued even after he abdicated. [33]
After ruling for 17 years, on 4 October 1967, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien willingly abdicated in favour of his eldest son, Crown Prince Hassanal Bolkiah. [39] At the time of the announcement, the Crown Prince was in England, training as a cadet at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. The Prince returned immediately to Brunei.
Whereas I am happy to tell from the feelings of my word in declaring to the Government and all the citizens and residents of Brunei is that I will abdicate the Throne on 4 October 1967 is fixed and final and irrevocable.
— Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III announced his abdication on 4 October 1967
The President of the Council declared that on 4 October 1967, His Royal Highness Maulana Al Sultan Sir Omar Ali Saifuddien has, pursuant to Chapter 19 of the Proclamation of the Coronation of King and Regent in 1950, declared that his intention cannot be withdrawn, to retire from the throne. The National Assembly, in its conference session on 4 October 1967 confirms the installation of His Royal Highness Paduka Seri Pengiran Muda Mahkota Hassanal Bolkiah, the Crown Prince as the rightful heir under the law to His greatness as the Sultan of Brunei.
— Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Setia Negara Pengiran Haji Muhammad Yusof bin Pengiran Haji Abdul Rahim, on 5 October 1967
After his abdication, his eldest son, Crown Prince Hassanal Bolkiah ascended the throne to become the 29th Sultan of Brunei on 4 October 1967 at Istana Darul Hana. [5] It was then he was referred to as Seri Begawan Sultan (Retired Sultan). [5] Even after his abdication in 1967, Omar Ali Saifuddien III continued to be involved in matters pertaining to the lives of the people, counseling and mentoring his oldest son in the roles of both a politician and a father. In addition, he had multiple conversations with his eldest son, including meetings in London to talk about Brunei's complete independence. [3]
After his abdication from the throne at the age of 53, he took the title of Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan (referred to the former sultan after the abdication), a title he held until his death in 1986. [5] He was conferred with the Honorary Grand Commander of the Victorian Order (GCVO) by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II during her visit to Brunei on 29 February 1972. [40]
At the stroke of midnight on 31 December 1983 in a public event held at the Haji Sir Muda Omar Ali Saifuddien Park, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah officially proclaimed that Brunei Darussalam had achieved its independence and sovereignty after 97 years of British protection. Soon after the reading of the declaration, Omar Ali Saifuddien led masses of people chanting Allahu Akbar (God is Great) three times. This was followed by the singing of the national anthem, a 21-gun salute by the Royal Brunei Land Forces and a prayer was read by the State Mufti for God to bless the newly independent nation. [41]
Although he had abdicated 17 years ago and Brunei had achieved its independence, he continued to play an important role after his appointed by the Sultan as Minister of Defence in Brunei's first cabinet ministers and consequently conferred the rank of Field Marshal in the Royal Brunei Armed Forces. [42] [43]
He also welcomed the arrival of Yasser Arafat, the Chairman of Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) on his official visit to Brunei on 26 July 1984. [44] Additionally, he granted audience from both Commander Thomas Anthony Boam and Commander L. B. Moerdani in 1985. [45]
On 7 September 1986, Omar Ali Saifuddien passed away in Istana Darussalam at the age of 71. [46] It was reported that he has been sick for weeks prior to his death. [47] He was granted a state funeral the following day, which Radio Television Brunei covered, proceeded by a lying in state at the Istana Nurul Iman. Prior to being taken to the neighboring Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque for a funeral prayer, his body was first placed in state at the Lapau. His royal standard flag was put over the coffin, which was pulled by a horse during the funeral procession throughout the capital. Along with his wife, father, Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II, grandfather, Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin, and eldest brother and immediate predecessor Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin, he was laid to rest at Bandar Seri Begawan's Kubah Makam Di Raja. [48]
... As a son of a dear father, I still feel the feelings of sadness and grief, and will always be felt, which is not limited to a period of time. Because his death is a great loss for me and my family. Moreover, he is not only a father who always pour a friendly affection to his children, he always gave me advice up to the end of his life.
— Hassanal Bolkiah, in his speech broadcast by Radio Television Brunei, October 20, 1986
Notable state dignitaries and foreign leaders whom attended the funeral were: [49]
Several foreign leaders had attended the funeral and given their quotes about Omar Ali Saifuddien.
I know the Paduka Seri (Sir Omar) since 1959. My late father was so close to him. I also highly respect him because to me he was a brilliant man
— Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang, in an interview with Utusan Malaysia journalist, 25 April 1984
The Late Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien III is a honourable special friend to Britain. His death were deeply felt by the United Kingdom.
The Late Highness had a vision, for sightedness and wise leadership coupled with his outstanding services to his people.
The Late Highness had a unique position in the history of Brunei and in the hearts of all who knew him in Britain.
He was a keen admirer of the wartime British Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill. [53] It housed the only museum in the whole world devoted exclusively to the former British prime minister. Now that Churchill's famed Victory sign monument, which stood at about 8 feet (2.4 m) tall. [54] In 1971, his admiration became clear when his son opened the world's only museum solely dedicated to Winston Churchill and it was named the Churchill Memorial Building, Bandar Seri Begawan which costed an estimated $5 million. [55] The opening ceremony was attended by Churchill's daughter Mary Soames. [56] Since its opening, it had been a notable tourist attraction in Brunei and also became well known throughout Southeast Asia. [57] In 1992, in conjunction with Silver Jubilee of His Majesty's Ascension to the Throne celebrations, the memorial had become the Royal Brunei Regalia Building. [53] The monument is now in storage. [54] Also in 2017, the building was renamed to Royal Regalia Museum in conjunction with the Golden Jubilee.
His first wife was Dayang Siti Amin binti Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Setia Laila Diraja Awang Haji Hashim, but the couple had no children and later divorced in 1944. At Istana Banderung Kayangan on 6 September 1941, [58] he married his cousin as his second wife, Pengiran Anak Damit binti Pengiran Bendahara Seri Maharaja Permaisuara Pengiran Anak Abdul Rahman. After meeting with a representative of the Limbang pengirans and Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin in February 1941, Gerard MacBryan was able to effectively arrange settlements with both parties, resulting in Pengiran Muda Omar Ali receiving Straits $2,000 as a wedding present. [9] She was the great-granddaughter of Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin. They had 10 children:
On 13 September 1979, his wife, Paduka Suri Seri Begawan Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Damit died. After that, for the last time, he married Pengiran Bini Pengiran Anak Hajah Salhah binti Pengiran Bendahara Seri Maharaja Permaisuara Pengiran Anak Abdul Rahman, who was also his sister-in-law.
Omar Ali Saifuddien was close to his first grandson, Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Anak Haji Abdul Wadood Bolkiah, the eldest son of his eldest daughter, Princess Masna Bolkiah and her husband Pengiran Anak Abdul Aziz. Abdul Wadood accompanied his grandfather during his official and unofficial visits.
Omar Ali Saifuddien III made a design of flowers on his clothes, the "Tenunan Brunei" which he wore on several occasions. Also, he was interested in self-defence martial arts such as silat and kuntao. [60] Apart from that, he was also known for designing the national medals. Additionally, he has written numerous poems that express his majesty's desire to struggle for the nation's independence are among his well-known works: [3]
With his commitment to social welfare, healthcare, and education, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien made Brunei a modern Islamic state, gaining him the moniker "Architect of Modern Brunei." [61] The Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque stands as a permanent homage to his long legacy, and the people of Brunei continue to be moved by his magnanimous reign and visionary leadership. [62] His son, Hassanal Bolkiah, emphasised the contributions made by Omar Ali Saifuddien to the development of the nation and country during his 2007 titah honoring the 22nd National Day. There is no comparable for Omar Ali Saifuddien's national development efforts, which he made selflessly and without external pressure. [61]
The honours given to him is as follows: [75]
Bandar Seri Begawan is the capital and largest city of Brunei. It is officially a municipal area with an area of 100.36 square kilometres (38.75 sq mi) and an estimated population of 100,700 as of 2007. It is part of Brunei-Muara District, the smallest yet most populous district which is home to over 70 per cent of the country's population. It is the country's largest urban centre and nominally the country's only city. The capital is home to Brunei's seat of government, as well as a commercial and cultural centre. It was formerly known as Brunei Town until it was renamed in 1970 in honour of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III, the 28th Sultan of Brunei and the father of the current Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah.
Mohamed Bolkiah ibni Omar Ali Saifuddien III is a member of the royal family of Brunei. He is the second son of Omar Ali Saifuddien III, the 28th Sultan of Brunei, and Raja Isteri (Queen) Pengiran Anak Damit. He is the Head of the Brunei’s Viziers. After Brunei’s independence in 1984, he became the country’s first foreign minister, serving from 1 January 1984 until 22 October 2015. He served in the cabinet as the Minister of the Brunei's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade alongside the second Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Lim Jock Seng.
Al-Muhtadee Billah ibni Hassanal Bolkiah is the eldest son of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and his wife Queen Saleha. He is the Crown Prince of Brunei Darussalam, and is first in the line of succession to the Bruneian throne.
Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin was the 25th Sultan of Brunei from 1885 to 1906.
Ismail bin Omar Abdul Aziz was a Malaysian nobleman and politician who became the first State Mufti of Brunei under the Ministry of Religious Affairs office, later State Mufti Office. He was a well-respected Malaysian expatriate ulema whom have contributed greatly to Islam and the people, notably for the State of Johor and Brunei.
The Ministry of Religious Affairs (MORA or MoRA; Malay: Kementerian Hal Ehwal Ugama, KHEU) is a cabinet-level ministry in the government of Brunei which is responsible for the propagation of Islam and its upholding as the state religion, as well as oversees the Islamic religious education in the country. It is currently led by a minister and a deputy minister, whereby the incumbents are Badaruddin Othman and Pengiran Mohd Tashim Pengiran Hassan respectively. The ministry is headquartered in Bandar Seri Begawan.
The Royal Brunei Mausoleum is a Royal Mausoleum of Brunei located at Jalan Tutong, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. The Mausoleum is the main resting place and burial ground for several Sultans of Brunei and members of the Royal Family. The Royal Mausoleum was opened during the reign of Sultan Omar 'Ali Saifuddin I who later became the first monarch to be buried in the Mausoleum when he died in 1795.
Pengiran Anak Mohamed Alam OBE was a nobleman and politician who became the fourth Speaker of the Brunei Legislative Council from 1971 until 1974 and Chief of Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara from 1954 to 1981. He is the father of Pengiran Anak Saleha, the queen consort of Hassanal Bolkiah, the current Sultan of Brunei. He was also a maternal grandfather of Al-Muhtadee Billah, the Crown Prince.
Jame' Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque, is a mosque in Kampong Kiarong of Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. It is named after Hassanal Bolkiah, the 29th and current Sultan of Brunei. It is one of the two state mosques, the other Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque.
Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien College, abbreviated as SOASC, is a government boys' secondary school in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei. It is the first secondary school in the country. The school is also one of the only three boys' secondary schools nationwide, with the other two being Muda Hashim Secondary School and Ma'had Islam Brunei. The school provides five years of secondary education leading up to GCE 'O' Level and IGCSE qualification.
The Ministry of Defence Brunei Darussalam, officially abbreviated as MinDef, is a cabinet-level ministry of the Government of Brunei. It is responsible for the national security and its military forces within the sultanate of Brunei Darussalam; the latter collectively known as the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF); Angkatan Bersenjata Diraja Brunei, (ABDB). MinDef is Brunei's ministry of defence; and was established on 1 January 1984, when Brunei Darussalam achieved independence from the United Kingdom. The Ministry of Defence leadership presently consists of a minister ; its incumbent is the Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah, who is also the Supreme Commander of the RBAF / ABDB. A deputy minister is second-in-command at the Ministry of Defence.
The Kianggeh Dagang Muslim Cemetery, also known as the Residency Muslim Cemetery, is a Muslim burial ground located at Kianggeh in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei Darussalam. The cemetery was formerly a Royal burial ground which known as Bukit Tinggi Royal Mausoleum which served as resting place for past Sultans of Brunei. The first Sultan of Brunei buried here was Sultan Saiful Rijal, the 7th Sultan of Brunei who died in 1581.
The Istana Darussalam is the former residence of Omar Ali Saifuddien III and birthplace of Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah. The palace is located at Jalan Darussalam, Sumbiling Lama, Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. The building has become a tourist attraction and currently under the protection of the Antiquities and Treasure Trove Act of the Museums Department.
Pengiran Anak Damit was Queen of Brunei as the wife of the 28th Sultan of Brunei, Omar Ali Saifuddien III.
Dato Laila Utama Haji Mohammad Abbas Al-Sufri bin Haji Ibrahim MVO was a nobleman, civil servant and courtier from Brunei who previously served as the acting personal secretary to Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III. He had a career in the government service of Brunei, in which he held a number of important positions such as being a member of the Privy Council of Brunei.
Pengiran Umar bin Pengiran Apong, sometimes spelled Omar Apong, was a nobleman and police officer who became the second Brunei local to be appointed Brunei's Commissioner of the Royal Brunei Police Force (RBPF) after the Sultanate regained full independence from Great Britain on 1 January 1984, and later a member of the Royal Council.
Pengiran Anak Hashim, also simply referred to as P. M. Hashim, was a Bruneian nobleman and politician who formerly held several high-ranking positions which included being a member of the Privy Council, Legislative Council, and the Islamic Religious Council.
Pengiran Abdul Momin CVO was a nobleman, diplomat and politician in the Government of Brunei whole formerly took office as the Ambassador of Brunei to Indonesia from 1993 to 2001. Additionally, he was a member of the Privy Council, Legislative Council, Islamic Legislative Council and Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Foundation from 1992 to 2004.
Pengiran Anak Muhammad Bey Muntassir was a member of the royal family of Brunei as the husband of Princess Amal Jefriah Bolkiah, the sixth daughter of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III, and brother-in-law to Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah. Additionally, he was also a member of the Brunei Privy Council.
Pengiran Dato Paduka Haji Asmalee bin Pengiran Ahmad is a Bruneian artist and retired diplomat who formerly held the position of ambassador of Brunei to China from 2001 to 2002, and Myanmar from 1997 to 2001.
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