Oxted line

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Oxted line
Uckfield - Southern 171729 approaching station.JPG
Overview
StatusOperational
Owner Network Rail
Locale Greater London
Surrey
East Sussex
Termini
Service
Type Commuter rail, Suburban rail
System National Rail
Operator(s) Southern
Depot(s)Selhurst
Rolling stock Class 171, Class 377, Class 700
History
Opened1884
Technical
Line length43 mi 28 ch (69.8 km)
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge
Electrification 750 V DC   third rail (London Victoria/London Bridge to East Grinstead)
None (Hurst Green to Uckfield)
Route map
Oxted line.png
(Click to expand)
A 1910 Railway Clearing House map of the interaction of the Oxted line and the Redhill to Tonbridge Line. Crowhurst, Edenbridge & Hurst Green Boscare(Bodmin) Waterloo RJD 126.jpg
A 1910 Railway Clearing House map of the interaction of the Oxted line and the Redhill to Tonbridge Line.

The Oxted line is a railway in southern England and part of the Southern franchise. The railway splits into two branches towards the south and has direct trains throughout to London termini.

Contents

It was opened jointly by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway and the South Eastern Railway in the late 19th century.

The line branches from the London to Brighton Main Line (which has two diverging northern branches) at South Croydon in Greater London. The line then passes under the North Downs in two tunnels, and then splits into two branches at Hurst Green, adjoining Oxted in Surrey. One of these branches ends at East Grinstead, the other at Uckfield, both market towns in Sussex.

The line between East Croydon and Hurst Green is double-track throughout, as is all of the East Grinstead branch, and all this route is electrified. The Uckfield branch has two tracks as far as Hever; the rest of the line is mostly single-track, but with two short double-track sections (a passing loop at Ashurst, and a short distance between Crowborough and just north of Buxted).

History

Conception

A line was proposed in 1864 from Croydon to Tunbridge Wells via Oxted by a group of former LB&SCR directors. Their proposal for the Surrey and Sussex Junction Railway (S&SJR) was to have the scheme underwritten and then operated by the LB&SCR. [1]

However, the South Eastern Railway (SER) saw the S&SJR, and particularly the involvement of the LB&SCR chairman Leo Schuster, as a significant incursion into its territory. In addition to creating a rival to its own line to Tunbridge Wells, the SER saw the LB&SCR's direct involvement as contravening an 1849 agreement between the two companies. [1] In retaliation, the SER put forward proposals for a 'London, Lewes and Brighton' railway together with the London Chatham and Dover Railway. [1] As a result of these difficulties and the financial crisis of 1866–7, the LB&SCR signed a new agreement with the SER in which it withdrew support for the S&SJR, and the SER abandoned its scheme. Work on the S&SJR immediately ceased, but the holding company remained in existence until 1869, when it was merged with the LB&SCR and then closed. [1]

On 10 March 1884, the LB&SCR and the SER formed a joint venture company, the Croydon, Oxted & East Grinstead Railway. Surveyed and engineered by the LB&SCR's Chief Engineer Frederick Banister, the proposed route in part used trackbed constructed for but never used by the S&SJR. [1] The line was jointly owned and operated until Hurst Green, when it split into three:

Part-electrification

The Southern Railway electrified the Woodside and South Croydon Joint Railway in 1935 but the line closed in 1983. Some of the redundant materials were used to electrify the short section between South Croydon and Selsdon railway station in 1984 and a few electric trains then operated from London to Sanderstead via East Croydon. The section beyond Sanderstead to East Grinstead was electrified in 1987 at 750 V DC third rail. However, the Uckfield branch is not electrified, and is worked by Class 171 diesel multiple units, which replaced Class 205 and Class 207 DEMUs.

Route

South Croydon to Hurst Green

The line branches off from the Brighton Main Line at South Croydon. It runs roughly parallel to the Caterham line until Upper Warlingham as it passes across Riddlesdown Viaduct and through Riddlesdown Tunnel, and the stations of Sanderstead and Riddlesdown. Leaving Greater London the line then passes through Upper Warlingham and Woldingham before traversing the 2226 yard Oxted Tunnel under the North Downs. After passing beneath the M25 motorway, the line calls at Oxted.

Previously, most Uckfield branch services would terminate here, but since the mid 2000s, they now run through to London Bridge. On Sundays however, the old practice persists, with services to and from Uckfield departing from the rarely used bay platform.

Immediately south of Oxted station, the line passes over the A25 and the town of Oxted by means of the Oxted Viaduct. After another shorter tunnel the line reaches Hurst Green. Hurst Green junction lies immediately south of the station, with trains to Uckfield veering left, and trains to East Grinstead continuing straight on.

Hurst Green to East Grinstead

The East Grinstead branch continues south through Surrey and into West Sussex. The first stop from Hurst Green is Lingfield, best known for being adjacent to Lingfield Park Racecourse, and trains are busy on race days. Further south, the line crosses a series of viaducts before arriving into the village Dormansland, served by Dormans station. The line then enters a cutting, passing under a series of roads including the A22 as it passes through the suburbs of East Grinstead. It then terminates at East Grinstead station, though the line used to go further, towards Haywards Heath and Lewes.

The line south of East Grinstead is now preserved as the Bluebell Railway and interchange is available at the station.

Hurst Green to Uckfield

The Uckfield branch of the Oxted Line is unelectrified. It passes under the Redhill–Tonbridge line just north of Edenbridge Town station, and then arrives at Hever. South of Hever, the line's single track section commences. This runs through Mark Beech Tunnel and Cowden station before entering a Passing loop at Ashurst. The off peak timetable on the line means that trains to and from Uckfield usually pass here. The line skirts the Kent and East Sussex border for a while before finally entering the latter county and passing a series of junctions where long closed lines to East Grinstead High Level, Three Bridges and Tunbridge Wells diverge. The line to Tunbridge Wells West is now the Spa Valley Heritage Railway and runs parallel to mainline trains on the old down line. Interchange between the two lines is available at Eridge, an old junction station.

South of Eridge, the line passes the former Redgate Mill Junction, where the Cuckoo Line to Heathfield and Eastbourne used to diverge from before arriving at the lines second passing loop at Crowborough. South of Crowborough the line becomes single for the final time calling at Buxted and finally Uckfield. The line used to go further, with Uckfield's original station on the other side of the now closed Level crossing. Trains used to continue towards Lewes and Brighton via the Wealden Line.

Services

Off-Peak service map on the Oxted Line Oxted Line Off-Peak Service Map.jpg
Off-Peak service map on the Oxted Line

Typical off-peak services on the Oxted Line are:

In peak hours, 2 tph between Bedford/Luton and East Grinstead. This service calls at all stations between South Croydon and East Grinstead, except in the mornings southbound, and evenings northbound, it skips stations between Sanderstead and Oxted exclusive.

On Sundays, the London Bridge to Uckfield service runs only between Oxted and Uckfield.

Oyster and contactless payment cards are valid on the Oxted route as far as Upper Warlingham.

Connections with heritage railways

The two branches of the line connect with different heritage railways directly:

Former connections and sub-branches

One branch formerly had three sub-branches:

(All three of these terminus towns are served by other lines.)

A short stretch of the "main line", between Uckfield and Lewes is preserved at Isfield as the Lavender Line.

Between Hurst Green and Lingfield (in Surrey) there was a connection with the Redhill to Tonbridge line until 1965. [3] Until 1983 there was a junction at Selsdon (in Greater London) with the Woodside and South Croydon Joint line to Elmers End.

Proposed developments

A £140,000, six-month study was commissioned by the East Sussex County Council and Network Rail looking into the possibility of rebuilding the line between Uckfield and Lewes after a campaign by the Wealden Line Campaign Group. [4] In July 2008 the Central Rail Corridor Board (a joint group of local councils and stakeholders) study, commissioned by Network Rail, reported that there was not a forecast viable economic case for reopening, citing a £141 million cost and a low anticipated benefit to cost ratio (BCR) of 0.64 to 0.79; in comparison a BCR of 1.5 was the minimum needed to obtain finance for the scheme. [5]

Brighton Main Line 2

The Wealden Line Campaign Group has, in addition to campaigning for the reopening of a line between Uckfield and Lewes, proposed an extension north from Sanderstead to Elmers End. [6] [7] There would also be new platforms at Brighton, and 5 miles (8.0 km) of the East Coastway line would be upgraded. The line would branch off the East Coastway beyond Falmer. A new Ashcombe tunnel would be bored after crossing the A27 before crossing the Keymer Junction (in Burgess Hill) to Lewes line. The line would take back the preserved Lavender Line at Isfield. No stations would be reopened between Lewes and Uckfield, and all level crossings would be closed. A new station at Uckfield south of the current one would allow 12-carriage trains. The line to Eridge would be double-tracked and electrified, with a maximum speed limit of 90 miles per hour (140 km/h). New passing loops at Eridge would allow fast trains to overtake slower stopping services. The proposal also includes bringing the Eridge to Tunbridge Wells line back into operation, with through services to Brighton from Royal Tunbridge Wells. The line between Brighton and Oxted/Tunbridge Wells would be electrified with overhead wiring (25 kV AC). [8]

Instead of carrying on to the Brighton Main Line, the line would branch off at Sanderstead and reopen the former line, but Croydon Tramlink has taken over the section between Coombe Road and Elmers End. The line would join the Hayes Line at Elmers End possibly alongside the proposed Bakerloo line extension to Hayes and then run to London Bridge, London Charing Cross and possibly on to the Thameslink network. There is also a suggestion for some trains to run on the East London line and branch off after Whitechapel to London Liverpool Street or onto a new line to Stansted Airport via Canary Wharf and Stratford. The whole project could see as little as one building demolished.

The project would have trains diverted away from bottlenecks at East Croydon and Windmill Bridge junction, and provided more capacity between London and Brighton.

See also

Further reading

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bluebell Railway</span> Heritage railway in England

The Bluebell Railway is an 11 mi (17.7 km) heritage line in West Sussex in England. It is managed by the Bluebell Railway Preservation Society. It uses steam trains which operate between Sheffield Park and East Grinstead, with intermediate stations at Horsted Keynes and Kingscote.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">London, Brighton and South Coast Railway</span> British pre-grouping railway company

The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1922. Its territory formed a rough triangle, with London at its apex, practically the whole coastline of Sussex as its base, and a large part of Surrey. It was bounded on its western side by the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR), which provided an alternative route to Portsmouth. On its eastern side the LB&SCR was bounded by the South Eastern Railway (SER)—later one component of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SE&CR)—which provided an alternative route to Bexhill, St Leonards-on-Sea, and Hastings. The LB&SCR had the most direct routes from London to the south coast seaside resorts of Brighton, Eastbourne, Worthing, Littlehampton and Bognor Regis, and to the ports of Newhaven and Shoreham-by-Sea. It served the inland towns and cities of Chichester, Horsham, East Grinstead and Lewes, and jointly served Croydon, Tunbridge Wells, Dorking and Guildford. At the London end was a complicated suburban and outer-suburban network of lines emanating from London Bridge and Victoria, and shared interests in two cross-London lines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Croydon station</span> National rail station and Tramlink tram stop in London

East Croydon is a railway station and tram stop in Croydon, Greater London, England, and is located in Travelcard Zone 5. At 10 miles 28 chains from London Bridge, it is the 20th busiest station in Britain, was the 10th busiest in 2020–21, is the busiest national rail station in London outside of fare zones 1 and 2 and is one of the busiest non-terminal stations in the country. It is one of three railway stations in the London Borough of Croydon with Croydon in their name, the others being West Croydon and South Croydon. A Tramlink tram stop is located immediately outside the main station entrance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spa Valley Railway</span> Heritage railway in southeast England

The Spa Valley Railway (SVR) is a standard gauge heritage railway in England that runs from Tunbridge Wells West railway station in Tunbridge Wells to High Rocks, Groombridge, and Eridge, where it links with the Oxted Line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lavender Line</span> Heritage railway in East Sussex, England

The Lavender Line is a heritage railway based at Isfield Station, near Uckfield in East Sussex, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Coastway line</span> Railway line in Sussex, England

The East Coastway line is a railway line along the south coast of Sussex to the east of Brighton, England. Trains to the west of Brighton operate on the West Coastway line. Together with the West Coastway and the Marshlink line to the east, the line forms part of a continuous route from Havant to Ashford. The Brighton Main Line route to Eastbourne and Hastings, via Plumpton and Cooksbridge, shares the East Coastway line east of Lewes station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Woodside and South Croydon Joint Railway</span>

The Woodside and South Croydon Joint Railway (W&SC) was a short, relatively short-lived and unsuccessful railway in the London Borough of Croydon in London, England. Its site is now largely occupied by Tramlink.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uckfield railway station</span> Railway station in East Sussex, England

Uckfield railway station is the southern terminus of a branch of the Oxted Line in England, serving the town of Uckfield, East Sussex. It is 46 miles 8 chains (74.2 km) from London Bridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eridge railway station</span> Railway Station in East Sussex, England

Eridge railway station is on the Uckfield branch of the Oxted line in southern England and serves a rural district around Eridge in East Sussex. It is 35 miles 53 chains from London Bridge. The station is managed by Southern.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurst Green railway station</span> Railway station in Surrey, England

Hurst Green railway station is on the Oxted line in southern England and serves the Hurst Green neighbourhood of Oxted in Surrey. It is 21 miles 20 chains from London Bridge. The station is managed by Southern.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxted railway station</span> Commuter train station in Surrey, England

Oxted railway station is on the Oxted line in southern England, serving the commuter town of Oxted, Surrey. It is 20 miles 25 chains from London Bridge. The station is managed by Southern who operate the majority of train services with a few peak services operated by Thameslink.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Grinstead railway station</span> Railway station in West Sussex, England

East Grinstead railway station is one of the two southern termini of the Oxted line in the south of England and serves East Grinstead in West Sussex. It is 30 miles 4 chains from London Bridge, although trains mostly run to and from London Victoria. The station is managed by Southern.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tunbridge Wells West railway station</span> Station in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England

Tunbridge Wells West is a railway station located in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. It is one of two railway stations in Tunbridge Wells constructed by rival companies. The other, Tunbridge Wells Central was opened in 1845 by the South Eastern Railway (SER). Tunbridge Wells West was closed to mainline passenger services in 1985. A new station on part of the site has been opened as a heritage railway line opened in 1996. It stands next to the original engine shed which has been restored to use. The line is called the Spa Valley Railway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Groombridge railway station</span> Station in East Sussex, England

Groombridge railway station is a station on the Spa Valley Railway (SVR) in Groombridge, East Sussex, England. Once a busy station serving four directions, it closed in 1985 to British Rail services. A new station the other side of Station Road bridge was opened by the SVR in 1997 as part of a standard gauge heritage railway to Tunbridge Wells West.

The Cuckoo Line is an informal name for the now defunct railway service which linked Polegate and Eridge in East Sussex, England, from 1880 to 1968. It was nicknamed the Cuckoo Line by drivers, from a tradition observed at the annual fair at Heathfield, a station on the route. At the fair, which was held each April, a lady would release a cuckoo from a basket, it being supposedly the 'first cuckoo of spring'. The railway line served the following Sussex communities: Polegate, Hailsham, Hellingly, Horam for Waldron, Heathfield, Mayfield, Rotherfield and Eridge. Services continued through Eridge and onward via Groombridge to Tunbridge Wells.

The Three Bridges–Tunbridge Wells line is a mostly disused railway line running from Three Bridges in West Sussex to Tunbridge Wells Central in Kent via East Grinstead in West Sussex, a distance of 20 miles 74 chains (33.7 km). Opened in 1855, the main section of the line was a casualty of the Beeching Axe – the last train ran on 1 January 1967. The remaining section to Tunbridge Wells closed on 6 July 1985, although the section between Groombridge and Tunbridge Wells West was reopened in 1997 under the auspices of the Spa Valley Railway.

The Wealden Line is a partly abandoned double track railway line in East Sussex and Kent that connected Lewes with Tunbridge Wells, a distance of 25.25 miles (40.64 km). The line takes its name from the Weald, the hilly landscape the lies between the North and South Downs.

The Surrey and Sussex Junction Railway (SSJR) was an abortive railway scheme to link Croydon to Tunbridge Wells, via Oxted. The company obtained powers to build the line, with the intention that it would be worked by the London Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR). The project was abandoned, before completion, in 1867. Part of the trackbed was later used in the construction of the Oxted line.

Frederick Dale Banister MICE, was an English civil engineer, best known for his 35 years as the Chief Engineer of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR).

Thomas Harrison Myres FRIBA was an English railway architect who designed stations and ancillary buildings for the London, Brighton & South Coast Railway lines that were opened between 1880 and 1883, including several on what is now the Bluebell Railway. He was the son-in-law of the railway company's chief engineer, Frederick Banister. Although most of the lines for which Myres designed the buildings have been closed, many of his buildings survive as private residences. Several of the buildings designed by him are listed buildings, including the goods shed at Singleton in West Sussex which was declared Grade II in April 2013.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Turner, John Howard (1978). The London Brighton and South Coast Railway 2 Establishment and Growth. Batsford. ISBN   0-7134-1198-8.
  2. White, Chris (Winter 2009). "Viaduct work—and tip material to be removed by rail". Bluebell News. 51 (4). Sussex, England: Bluebell Railway: 24–25.
  3. "The Crowhurst Spur".
  4. "Railway reopening study approved". BBC News. 8 August 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  5. The full report by Network Rail, at East Sussex CC - 23 July 2008
  6. ['Could a second main line offer Brighton a brighter future?' Rail Magazine Issue 642, 21 April-4 May 2010, Page36-37]
  7. Brighton Main Line 2 website
  8. BML 2 route plans