Yamaha TMAX

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Yamaha TMAX
TMAX500.JPG
1st Generation Yamaha XP500 TMAX
Manufacturer Yamaha Motor Company
Also calledXP500
Production2001–Present
Class Mega-scooter
Engine 499 cm3 (30.5 cu in) Liquid-cooled 4-stroke DOHC parallel-twin
Bore / stroke 66 mm × 73 mm (2.6 in × 2.9 in)
Compression ratio 10.0:1 for model years 2001-2003,
11.0:1 for model years 2004-2011
Top speed100 mph (160 km/h) [1]
Power 29.4 kW (39.4 hp) at 7,000 rpm, [2]
32.6 kW (43.7 hp) at 7,500 04-07 [3]
32.0 kW (42.9 hp) at 7,500 08-11 [4]
Torque 45.8 N⋅m (33.8 lbf⋅ft) at 5,500 rpm,
47.6 N⋅m (35.1 lbf⋅ft) at 6,250 04-07
45 N⋅m (33 lbf⋅ft) at 6,500 08-11
Ignition type TCI
Transmission V-Belt Automatic CVT
Frame type Tubular steel 2001-2007,
Die cast aluminum 2008-2011 [5]
Suspension Front: Telescopic fork,
120 mm (4.7 in) travel
Rear: Swingarm with monoshock,
120 mm (4.7 in) travel 2001-2007,
116 mm (4.6 in) travel 2008-2011
Brakes F: Single 282 mm (11.1 in) disc,
dual 267 mm (10.5 in) discs 04-11
R: Single 267 mm (10.5 in) disc
Tires F: 120/70-14 2001-2003,
 120/70R14 2004-2007,
 120/70R15 2008-2011
R: 150/70-14 2001-2003,
 160/60R15 2004-2011
Rake, trail 28° 95 mm (3.7 in) 2001-2007,
25° 92 mm (3.6 in) 2008-2011
Wheelbase 1,575 mm (62.0 in) 2001-2007,
1,580 mm (62 in) 2008-2011
DimensionsL: 2,235 mm (88.0 in) 2001-2007,
 2,195 mm (86.4 in) 2008-2011
W: 775 mm (30.5 in)
H: 1,410 mm (56 in) 2001-2007,
 1,445 mm (56.9 in) 2008-2011
Seat height795 mm (31.3 in) 2001-2007,
800 mm (31 in) 2008-2011
Weight217 kg (478 lb) 2001-2003,
225–230 kg (496–507 lb) 04-07,
221–225 kg (487–496 lb) 08-11 (wet)
Fuel capacity14 L (3.1 imp gal; 3.7 US gal) 01-07,
15 L (3.3 imp gal; 4.0 US gal) 08-11
Turning radius2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Footnotes /references
[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Yamaha TMAX 530cc
Yamaha TMAX 2011 Tokyo Motor Show.jpg
4th Generation Yamaha XP530 TMAX
Manufacturer Yamaha Motor Company
Also calledXP530
Production2012—2019
Class Mega-scooter
Engine 530 cm3 (32 cu in) Liquid-cooled 4-stroke DOHC parallel-twin
Bore / stroke 68 mm × 73 mm (2.7 in × 2.9 in)
Compression ratio 10.9:1
Power 34.2 kW (45.9 hp) at 6,750 rpm, [10]
33.8 kW (45.3 hp) at 6,750 2017- [11]
Torque 52.3 N⋅m (38.6 lbf⋅ft) at 5,250 rpm,
53.0 N⋅m (39.1 lbf⋅ft) at 5,250 2017-
Ignition type TCI
Transmission V-Belt Automatic CVT
Frame type Extruded and die cast aluminum
Suspension Front: Telescopic fork,
120 mm (4.7 in) travel
Rear: Swingarm with monoshock,
116 mm (4.6 in) travel 2012-2016,
117 mm (4.6 in) travel 2017—
Brakes F: Dual 267 mm (10.5 in) discs
R: Single 282 mm (11.1 in) disc
Tires F: 120/70R15 , R: 160/60R15
Rake, trail 25° 92 mm (3.6 in) 2012-2016,
26° 98 mm (3.9 in) 2017—
Wheelbase 1,580 mm (62 in)
DimensionsL: 2,200 mm (87 in)
W: 775 mm (30.5 in) 2012-2016,
 765 mm (30.1 in) 2017—
H: 1,420–1,475 mm (55.9–58.1 in),
1,420–1,555 mm (55.9–61.2 in) DX
Seat height800 mm (31 in)
Weight217–221 kg (478–487 lb) 2012-14,
219–229 kg (483–505 lb) 2015-16,
213–216 kg (470–476 lb) 2017- (wet)
Fuel capacity15 L (3.3 imp gal; 4.0 US gal)
Turning radius2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Footnotes /references
[10] [11] [12] [13] [14]

The Yamaha TMAX (or T-Max) series of mega-scooters has been manufactured by Yamaha Motor Company for the European market since its debut at July 2000 press events in Naples, Italy and Iwata, Japan, [15] combining motorcycle performance with the convenience and flexibility for commuting of a scooter.

Contents

When it was introduced, the 500cc TMAX engine was the largest (and most powerful) ever used in a production scooter. [16] Yamaha enlarged the engine to 530cc for 2012 and subsequent models. The most recent TMAX redesign, with the model designation XP530, is for the 2017 model year. This model includes D-Mode which lets the rider select a sportier engine running mode for more thrilling performance. [17] Yamaha used the designation XP500 for all previous model years; more than 233,000 TMAX scooters have been sold in Europe. [18]

Notwithstanding the fact that the TMAX was Yamaha's second mega-scooter, the first being the YP 250 Majesty introduced in 1996, [15] motorcycle journalist Kevin Ash said that the "T-Max is the machine that invented the mega-scooter class in 2001." [19] The development team received a 2001 Good Design Award (Japan) gold prize for the original TMAX, [20] [21] and Yamaha's design studio won a Red Dot award for product design on the 2012 TMAX. [22]

Yamaha launched the TMAX 560 in May 2020 which has replaced the 530. Sales remain strong mainly in France, Italy and Spain despite the high prices and strong competition from Honda with the new NC750X range.

Design

Following the 1996 success of Yamaha's first mega-scooter, the YP 250 Majesty, in Europe (and especially in Italy) Yamaha began work on a "New European Commuter" [15] a larger-displacement scooter-type concept. Their objective was to create a mega-scooter suitable for high-speed motorways, such as the German Autobahn system or the Autostrade of Italy, and better suited to European physiques than the Majesty (designed for the Japanese market). [15]

Marketing strategy for the TMAX targeted three groups of riders: existing scooter riders; owners of middleweight motorcycles; and new or returning riders who would want scooter simplicity combined with automotive luxury. Yamaha estimated there were millions of holders of full motorcycle licenses in Europe no longer riding any kind of two-wheeler. [16] [23]

TMAX rolled-out as a hybrid, combining motorcycle and scooter traits. In order to cope with the power of a larger engine, the TMAX swingarm was the kind found on motorcycle, rather than incorporating the swingarm and engine into a single unit, as on conventional scooters. Yamaha bolted the engine to the frame, but much farther forward, arriving at the weight distribution of a typical motorcycle. Although it was a step-through design, TMAX was built around a motorcycle-type tubular steel frame instead of a U-section pressed steel monocoque frame, as was the case on most scooters. [24] [25]

TMAX designers chose a novel engine configuration: a water-cooled four-stroke horizontal straight-twin (both cylinders pointing forward) with four valves per cylinder operated by dual overhead cams. Engine vibrations were offset not by a balance shaft but by reciprocating balancer (i.e., a third 'dummy' piston driven from a central crankpin). By comparison, transmission design was the norm for scooters: a twist-and-go automatic transmission. [1]

Model history

The 2000 launch of the first generation TMAX in Europe was followed by a second generation 2004 model with performance and handling improvements. The third generation TMAX, a major revision, was introduced in Europe for the 2008 model year. [26] This was the first version to be sold in North America, starting with the 2009 model year. [27] [28]

2001–2003

The initial TMAX was produced for three model years, 2001 to 2003, with no significant changes.

2004–2007

Engine upgrades for the 2004 model year included replacing the twin carburetors with fuel injection, and raising the compression ratio, to boost horsepower and torque. In front, the original 38 mm diameter fork tubes were enlarged to 41 mm, and dual discs replaced the original single disc brake; ABS was available. A parking brake mechanism was added to the rear disk. Radial tires were fitted to both ends, and rear wheel size grew to 15 inch instead of 14 inch. A tachometer was added to the instrument panel. Minor styling changes included new paint colors, including a BLACK MAX special edition for 2006. [29] [30] [24]

3rd Generation XP500 TMAX, the 2010 WHITE MAX special edition Yamaha TMAX 10th Anniversary WHITEMAX at the TMS 2009-2.JPG
3rd Generation XP500 TMAX, the 2010 WHITE MAX special edition

2008–2011

The 2008 model had new bodywork and a lightweight cast aluminum frame instead of the original tubular steel frame. The 2nd generation 41 mm diameter fork tubes were further enlarged to 43 mm, and front wheel size grew to 15 inch instead of 14 inch. Fuel tank capacity increased from 14 to 15 liters (3.1 to 3.3 imperial gallons; 3.7 to 4.0 U.S. gallons). [31] [32] [33]

To mark the tenth anniversary of the TMAX roll-out, Yamaha produced a WHITE MAX special edition for 2010. [34] [35]

4th Generation TMAX rear wheel, showing hydraulic brake caliper and parking brake mechanism on disc Pinze freno di servizio e stazionamento.jpg
4th Generation TMAX rear wheel, showing hydraulic brake caliper and parking brake mechanism on disc

2012–2014

The fourth generation TMAX had a redesigned body and powertrain. Cylinders were bored-out by 2 mm, increasing displacement to 530cc. [19] Other engine modifications included a newly designed pent-roof combustion chamber and a reworking of the fuel injection. The continuously variable transmission and final drive system were redesigned; the previous chain drive enclosed in an oil-bath (attached to one side of the swingarm) was replaced by a belt drive with a separate die-cast aluminum swingarm. [36] [37] [38]

2015–2016

Front suspension was revamped on the fifth generation TMAX with an upside down (inverted) telescopic fork with radial-mounted brake calipers. [39] [40] Bodywork received modest styling updates. [41] Yamaha also produced an IRON MAX special edition. [42]

2017 to 2022—

Chassis and bodywork updated. TMAX 530 was offered in 3 versions: standard, SX and DX. All versions have an electronically controlled throttle and a traction control system. SX and DX versions have switchable power modes; the DX version also has cruise control and an electrically adjustable windscreen as well as keyless ignition (the electronic key must be near to the bike). In early 2020 the 530 was discontinued and the 560 launched in its place. The 560 was an updated version of the 530 and complied to the latest emissions regulations. [43] [44] In 2022 Yamaha launched a new version of the 560 called the TMax Techmax with a new all colour dashboard and a full set of electronics including ABS, Traction Control, Cruise Control etc.

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References

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  44. Child, Adam (25 February 2017). "Yamaha's new TMAX ridden". Motor Cycle News . Retrieved 9 August 2017. Yamaha's big scooter has always been the sportiest of the bunch, and a favourite on the continent by some margin, but now the TMAX has matured.