Butch (lesbian slang)

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Woman with a butch haircut, 2009 Vancouver pride parade Vancouver Pride 2009 (23).jpg
Woman with a butch haircut, 2009 Vancouver pride parade

Butch is a lesbian who exhibits masculine characteristics or a masculine gender presentation. [1] [2]

Contents

Since the lesbian subculture of 1940s America, "butch" has been present as a way for lesbians to circumvent the traditional sexist roles and stereotypes of women in society, distinguishing their masculine attributes and characteristics from feminine women. [lower-alpha 1]

History

Starting in the 1940s and 1950s, butch became a central identity in the lesbian community. [5] It was often understood in conjunction with femme identity, and butch-femme relations have been studied at great length. [6] As a result, butch identity on its own remains somewhat ill-defined. [6] Butch people are often described as sexually dominant lesbians who are interested in having sex with femmes. [6] The Queen's Vernacular claimed a butch was "a lesbian with masculine characteristics." [7] In Of Catamites and Kings, Rubin describes a butch as those lesbians who use masculine mannerisms, and/or who wear traditionally male clothing, and/or who experience gender dysphoria. [8] The defining characteristic that most scholars agree on is that butch people are lesbians who are to some degree aligned with masculine traits.

In the mid 20th century, butch people were usually limited to a few jobs, such as factory work and cab driving, that had no dress codes for women. [9] During the 1950s with the anti-gay politics of the McCarthy era, there was an increase in violent attacks on gay and bisexual women, while at the same time the increasingly strong and defiant bar culture became more willing to respond with force. [ citation needed ] Although femmes also fought back, it became primarily the role of butches to defend against attacks and hold the bars as gay women's space. [10] The prevailing butch image was severe but gentle, while it became increasingly tough and aggressive as violent confrontation became a fact of life. [11] Leslie Feinberg's novel Stone Butch Blues is a predominant piece of butch literature, and offers a window into butch bar culture, police brutality towards transvestites (both drag queens and butch people), and butch eroticism in the 1970s. [12]

Transgender butch identity

One of the subcategories of the butch identity was and is people who experience gender dysphoria. [8] In the mid 20th century, butch was a group that included most lesbians who identified with masculine characteristics; unsurprisingly, this was a space that included many transmasculine identities. [13] In the words of butch, transgender man S. Bear Bergman, "butch and transgender are the same thing with different names, except that butch is not a trans identity, unless it is." [14] However, there is something of a "border war" between butch and FTM identities, as renowned butch scholar Jack Halberstam put it in Transgender Butch. [13] Some butch people identify as women and undergo some amount of medical transition, and some FTM individuals identify as butch men. [15] The difference between the two groups is nuanced and has as many interpretations as there are butch people. [8] Halberstam argues that in "making concrete distinctions between butch women and transsexual males, all too often such distinctions serve the cause of heteronormativity." [15]

See also

Notes

  1. According to Heidi M. Levitt and Sara K. Bridges: "The terms femme and butch began infiltrating bisexual communities, and women began writing about their experiences as bisexual femmes...Although essayists have begun to explore this identity, very little empirical research has been conducted looking at the identity and expression of bisexual women." [3] According to some academic studies about the butch/femme subculture, "Femmes were sometimes bisexual." [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Butch</i> and <i>femme</i> Masculine and feminine identities in lesbians

Butch and femme are masculine (butch) or feminine (femme) identities in the lesbian subculture which have associated traits, behaviors, styles, self-perception, and so on. This concept has been called a "way to organize sexual relationships and gender and sexual identity". Butch–femme culture is not the sole form of a lesbian dyadic system, as there are many women in butch–butch and femme–femme relationships.

Femme is a term traditionally used to describe a lesbian woman who exhibits a feminine identity or gender presentation. While commonly viewed as a lesbian term, alternate meanings of the word also exist with some non-lesbian individuals using the word, notably some gay men and bisexuals. Some non-binary and transgender individuals also identify as lesbians using this term.

"Lipstick lesbian" is slang for a lesbian who exhibits a great amount of feminine gender attributes, such as wearing make-up, dresses or skirts, and having other characteristics associated with feminine women. In popular usage, the term is also used to characterize the feminine gender expression of bisexual women, or the broader topic of female–female sexual activity among feminine women.

LGBT slang, LGBT speak, queer slang, or gay slang is a set of English slang lexicon used predominantly among LGBTQ+ people. It has been used in various languages since the early 20th century as a means by which members of the LGBTQ+ community identify themselves and speak in code with brevity and speed to others. The acronym LGBT was popularized in the 1990s and stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender. It may refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or non-cisgender, instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. To recognize this inclusion, a popular variant, LGBTQ, adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer or are questioning their sexual or gender identity.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to transgender topics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trans man</span> Man assigned female at birth

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Gender expression, or gender presentation, is a person's behavior, mannerisms, and appearance that are socially associated with gender, namely femininity or masculinity. Gender expression can also be defined as the external manifestation of one's gender identity through behavior, clothing, hairstyles, voice, or body characteristics. Typically, a person's gender expression is thought of in terms of masculinity and femininity, but an individual's gender expression may incorporate both feminine and masculine traits, or neither. A person's gender expression may or may not match their assigned sex at birth. This includes gender roles, and accordingly relies on cultural stereotypes about gender. It is distinct from gender identity.

Boi is slang within butch and femme and gay male communities for several sexual or gender identities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Attraction to transgender people</span> Romantic or sexual attraction to transgender people

Sexual attraction to transgender people has been the subject of scientific study and social commentary. Psychologists have researched sexual attraction toward trans women, trans men, cross dressers, non-binary people, and a combination of these. Publications in the field of transgender studies have investigated the attraction transgender individuals can feel for each other. The people who feel this attraction to transgender people name their attraction in different ways.

A soft butch, or stem (stud-fem), is a lesbian who exhibits some stereotypical butch traits without fitting the masculine stereotype associated with butch lesbians. Soft butch is on the spectrum of butch, as are stone butch and masculine, whereas on the contrary, ultra fem, high femme, and lipstick lesbian are some labels on the spectrum of lesbians with a more prominent expression of femininity, also known as femmes. Soft butches have gender expressions of women, but primarily display masculine characteristics; soft butches predominantly express masculinity with a touch of femininity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT stereotypes</span> Stereotypes around LGBTQ people and communities

LGBT stereotypes are stereotypes about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people are based on their sexual orientations, gender identities, or gender expressions. Stereotypical perceptions may be acquired through interactions with parents, teachers, peers and mass media, or, more generally, through a lack of firsthand familiarity, resulting in an increased reliance on generalizations.

A stone butch is a lesbian who displays female butchness or traditional "masculinity" and who does not allow their genitals to be touched during sexual activity, as opposed to a stone femme.

<i>Stone Butch Blues</i> 1993 novel by Leslie Feinberg

Stone Butch Blues is an autobiographical novel by Leslie Feinberg. Written from the perspective of stone butch lesbian Jess Goldberg, it intimately details her life in the last half of the 20th century in New York.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT culture in the Philippines</span>

The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people in the Philippines have a distinctive culture in society, and also have limited legal rights. Gays and lesbians are more tolerated than accepted in Filipino society. Despite recent events that have promoted the rights, general acceptance, and empowerment of the Filipino LGBT community, discrimination remains. Homosexuals in the Philippines are known as "bakla", though there are other terms to describe them. According to the 2002 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Survey, 11 percent of sexually active Filipinos between the ages of 15 and 24 have had sex with someone of the same sex. According to Filipino poet and critic Lilia Quindoza Santiago, Filipino culture may have a more flexible concept of gender. Kasarian is defined in less binary terms than the English word; kasarian means "kind, species, or genus".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madeline Davis</span> American activist and historian (1940–2021)

Madeline Davis was an American LGBT activist and historian. In 1970 she was a founding member of the Mattachine Society of the Niagara Frontier, the first gay rights organization in Western New York. Davis became the first openly lesbian delegate at a major party national convention, speaking at the 1972 Democratic National Convention. The same year, she taught with Margaret Small the first course on lesbianism in the United States, titled "Lesbianism 101" at the University at Buffalo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dyke (slang)</span> Lesbian slang term

Dyke is a slang term, used as a noun meaning lesbian. It originated as a homophobic slur for masculine, butch, or androgynous girls or women. Pejorative use of the word still exists, but the term dyke has been reappropriated by many lesbians to imply assertiveness and toughness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elizabeth Lapovsky Kennedy</span> American feminist

Elizabeth Lapovsky Kennedy was one of the founding feminists of the field of women's studies and is a lesbian historian whose book Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: A History of the Lesbian Community documents the lesbian community of Buffalo, New York, in the decades before Stonewall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of LGBT topics</span> Overview of and topical guide to LGBT topics

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<i>Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold</i> 1993 history of lesbians in Buffalo, New York

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Masculine of center</span> Gender expression & identity terminolgy

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References

  1. Bergman, S. Bear (2006). [https://books.goo gle.com/books?id=jmyfdmsWjiEC&q=butch+is+a+noun Butch is a noun]. San Francisco: Suspect Thoughts Press. ISBN   978-0-9771582-5-6.{{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help); line feed character in |url= at position 18 (help)
  2. Smith, Christine A.; Konik, Julie A.; Tuve, Melanie V. (2011). "In Search of Looks, Status, or Something Else? Partner Preferences Among Butch and Femme Lesbians and Heterosexual Men and Women". Sex Roles . 64 (9–10): 658–668. doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9861-8. ISSN   0360-0025. S2CID   144447493.
  3. Firestein, Beth A., ed. (2007). "16. Gender Expression in Bisexual Women: Therapeutic Issues and Considerations". Becoming Visible: Counseling Bisexuals Across the Lifespan. Columbia University Press. pp. 301–310. ISBN   978-0231137249.
  4. Ukockis, Gail (2016). "5. Lesbians and Bisexual Women: Concerns of Lesbian and Bisexual Women: Butch/Femme Stereotypes". Women's Issues for a New Generation: A Social Work Perspective. Oxford University Press. p. 136. ISBN   978-0190239411.
  5. Kraus, Natasha (1996). "Desire Work, Performativity, and the Structuring of a Community: Butch/Fem Relations of the 1940s and 1950s". Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies. 17 (1): 30–56. doi:10.2307/3346893. ISSN   0160-9009. JSTOR   3346893.
  6. 1 2 3 Inness, Sherrie A.; Lloyd, Michele (1995). ""G.I. Joes in Barbie Land": Recontextualizing Butch in Twentieth-Century Lesbian Culture". NWSA Journal. 7 (3): 1–23. ISSN   1040-0656. JSTOR   4316399.
  7. Rodgers, Bruce (1979). Gay talk : formerly entitled The queens' vernacular : a gay lexicon. Internet Archive. New York : Putnam. ISBN   978-0-399-50392-4.
  8. 1 2 3 "Of Catamites and Kings", Deviations, Duke University Press, pp. 241–253, November 28, 2011, doi:10.2307/j.ctv11smmmj.14 , retrieved October 6, 2023
  9. Kennedy, Elizabeth Lapovsky; Madeline D. Davis (1993). Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lesbian Community. New York: Routledge. pp.  82–86. ISBN   0-415-90293-2.
  10. Kennedy, Elizabeth Lapovsky; Madeline D. Davis (1993). Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lesbian Community. New York: Routledge. pp.  90–93. ISBN   0-415-90293-2.
  11. Kennedy, Elizabeth Lapovsky; Madeline D. Davis (1993). Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lesbian Community. New York: Routledge. pp.  153–157. ISBN   0-415-90293-2.
  12. Feinberg, Leslie. Stone Butch Blues.
  13. 1 2 Halberstam, Jack. "Transgender Butch: Butch/FTM Border Wars and the Masculine Contiuum" (PDF). GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies.
  14. Bergman, S. Bear (2010). Butch is a noun. Gender Studies (2. ed.). Vancouver, B.C: Arsenal Pulp. ISBN   978-1-55152-369-9.
  15. 1 2 Alley, Jason, ed. (January 1, 2018). "GLQ Forum/Aftereffects". GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies. 24 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1215/10642684-4254378. ISSN   1064-2684.