Comparison of Intel processors

Last updated April 26, 2024

As of 2020^[update], the x86 architecture is used in most high end compute-intensive computers, including cloud computing, servers, workstations, and many less powerful computers, including personal computer desktops and laptops. The ARM architecture is used in most other product categories, especially high-volume battery powered mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.

Some Xeon Phi processors support four-way hyper-threading, effectively quadrupling the number of threads.^[1] Before the Coffee Lake architecture, most Xeon and all desktop and mobile Core i3 and i7 supported hyper-threading while only dual-core mobile i5's supported it. Post Coffee Lake, increased core counts meant hyper-threading is not needed for Core i3, as it then replaced the i5 with four physical cores on the desktop platform. Core i7, on the desktop platform no longer supports hyper-threading; instead, now higher-performing core i9s will support hyper-threading on both mobile and desktop platforms. Before 2007 and post-Kaby Lake, some Intel Pentium and Intel Atom (e.g. N270, N450) processors support hyper-threading. Celeron processors never supported it.

Intel processors table

Processor	Series nomenclature	Code name	Production date	Features supported (instruction set)	Clock rate	Socket	Fabri- cation	TDP	Cores (number)	Bus speed	Cache L1	Cache L2	Cache L3	Overclock capable
4004	N/A	N/A	1971 - Nov 15^{[ clarification needed ]}	N/A	740 kHz	DIP	10-micron			2	N/A	N/A	N/A
8008	N/A	N/A	1972 - April good^{[ clarification needed ]}	N/A	200 kHz - 800 kHz	DIP	10-micron		1	200 kHz	N/A	N/A	N/A
8080	N/A	N/A	1974 - April^{[ clarification needed ]}	N/A	2 MHz - 3.125 MHz	DIP	6-micron		1	4 MHz	N/A	N/A	N/A
8085	N/A	N/A	1976 - March^{[ clarification needed ]}	N/A	3 MHz, 5 MHz, 6 MHz	DIP	3-micron		1	2 MHz	N/A	N/A	N/A
8086	N/A	N/A	1978 - June 15^{[ clarification needed ]}	N/A	10 MHz, 8 MHz, 5 MHz	DIP	3-micron		1	10 MHz, 8 MHz, 5 MHz	N/A	N/A	N/A
8088	N/A	N/A	1979 - June^{[ clarification needed ]}	N/A	8 MHz, 5 MHz	DIP	4-micron		1	8 MHz, 5 MHz	N/A	N/A	N/A
80286	N/A	N/A	1982 - Feb^{[ clarification needed ]}	N/A	16 MHz, 10 MHz, 6 MHz	DLPP	1.9-micron		1	22 MHz, 10 MHz, 6 MHz	N/A	N/A	N/A
i80386	DX SX SL	N/A	1985–1990	N/A	33 MHz, 25 MHz, 20 MHz, 16 MHz	DLPP	1 – 1.5-micron		1	33 MHz, 25 MHz, 20 MHz, 16 MHz	N/A	N/A	N/A
i80486	DX SX DX2 DX4 SL	N/A	1989–1999	N/A	25 MHz – 100 MHz	Socket 1 Socket 2 Socket 3	0.6 – 1-micron		1	25 MHz – 50 MHz	8 KiB – 16 KiB	N/A	N/A
Intel Pentium	N/A	P5 P54C P54CTB P54CS	1993–1999		65 MHz – 250 MHz	Socket 2 Socket 3 Socket 4 Socket 5 Socket 7	350 nm – 800 nm	Unknown	1	50 MHz – 66 MHz	16 KiB	N/A	N/A
Intel Pentium MMX	N/A	P55C Tillamook	1996–1999		120 MHz – 300 MHz	Socket 7	250 nm – 350 nm	Unknown	1	60 MHz – 66 MHz	32 KiB	N/A	N/A
Intel Atom	Z5xx Z6xx N2xx 2xx 3xx N4xx D4xx D5xx N5xx D2xxx N2xxx	Diamondville Pineview Silverthorne Lincroft Cedarview Medfield Clover Trail	2008–2009 (as Centrino Atom) 2008–present (as Atom)		800 MHz – 2.13 GHz	Socket PBGA437 Socket PBGA441 Socket micro-FCBGA8 559	32 nm, 45 nm	0.65 W – 13 W	1, 2 or 4	400 MHz, 533 MHz, 667 MHz, 2.5 GT/s	56 KiB per core	512 KiB – 1 MiB	N/A
Intel Celeron	3xx 4xx 5xx	Banias Cedar Mill Conroe Coppermine Covington Dothan Mendocino Northwood Prescott Tualatin Willamette Yonah Merom Penryn Arrandale Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Bay Trail-M Braswell Skylake Golden Cove	1998–present		266 MHz – 3.6 GHz	Slot 1 Socket 370 Socket 478 Socket 479 Socket 495 LGA 775 Socket M Socket P FCBGA6 μFC-BGA 956 BGA479 Socket G1 BGA-1288 Socket G2 BGA-1023 Socket G3 BGA-1168 BGA-1364 BGA-1168 FC-BGA 1170 BGA 1356 LGA 1156 LGA 1155 FC-BGA 1170 LGA 1150 LGA 1151 BGA 1440	Intel 7, 14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm, 45 nm, 65 nm, 90 nm, 130 nm, 180 nm, 250 nm	4 W – 86 W	1, 2 or 4	66 MHz, 100 MHz, 133 MHz, 400 MHz, 533 MHz, 800 MHz	8 KiB – 64 KiB per core	0 KiB – 1 MiB	0 KiB – 2 MiB
Intel Pentium Pro	52x	P6	1995–1998		150 MHz – 200 MHz	Socket 8	350 nm, 500 nm	29.2 W – 47 W	1	60 MHz, 66 MHz	16 KiB	256 KiB, 512 KiB, 1024 KiB	N/A
Pentium II	52x	Klamath Deschutes Tonga Dixon	1997–1999		233 MHz – 450 MHz	Slot 1 MMC-1 MMC-2 Mini-Cartridge	250 nm, 350 nm	16.8 W – 38.2 W	1	66 MHz, 100 MHz	32KiB	256 KiB – 512 KiB	N/A
Pentium III	52x 53x	Katmai Coppermine Tualatin	1999–2003		450 MHz – 1.4 GHz	Slot 1 Socket 370	130 nm, 180 nm, 250 nm	17 W – 34.5 W	1	100 MHz, 133 MHz	32 KiB	256 KiB – 512 KiB	N/A
Intel Xeon	n3xxx n5xxx n7xxx	Allendale Cascades Clovertown Conroe Cranford Dempsey Drake Dunnington Foster Gainestown Gallatin Harpertown Irwindale Kentsfield Nocona Paxville Potomac Prestonia Sossaman Tanner Tigerton Tulsa Wolfdale Woodcrest	1998–present		400 MHz – 4.4 GHz	Slot 2 Socket 603 Socket 604 Socket J Socket T Socket B LGA 1150 LGA 1155 LGA 1156 LGA 1366 LGA 2011 LGA 2011v3 LGA 2066	Intel 7, 14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm, 45 nm, 65 nm, 90 nm, 130 nm, 180 nm, 250 nm	16 W – 165 W	Up to 28 Cores (with hyperthreading)	100 MHz, 133 MHz, 400 MHz, 533 MHz, 667 MHz, 800 MHz, 1066 MHz, 1333 MHz, 1600 MHz, 4.8 GT/s, 5.86 GT/s, 6.4 GT/s	8 KiB ~ 64 KiB per core	256 KiB – 12 MiB	4 MiB – 16 MiB
Pentium 4	5xx 6xx	Cedar Mill Northwood Prescott Willamette	2000–2008		1.3 GHz – 3.8 GHz	Socket 423 Socket 478 LGA 775 Socket T	65 nm, 90 nm, 130 nm, 180 nm	21 W – 115 W	1 /w hyperthreading	400 MHz, 533 MHz, 800 MHz, 1066 MHz	8 KiB – 16 KiB	256 KiB – 2 MiB	2 MiB
Pentium 4	5xx 6xx	Gallatin Prescott 2M	2000–2008		3.2 GHz – 3.73 GHz	Socket 478 Socket T	90 nm, 130 nm	92 W – 115 W	1 /w hyperthreading	800 MHz, 1066 MHz	8 KiB	512 KiB – 1 MiB	0 KiB – 2 MiB
Pentium M	7xx	Banias Dothan	2003–2008		800 MHz – 2.266 GHz	Socket 479	90 nm, 130 nm	5.5 W – 27 W	1	400 MHz, 533 MHz	32 KiB	1 MiB – 2 MiB	N/A
Pentium D/EE	8xx 9xx	Smithfield Presler	2005–2008		2.66 GHz – 3.73 GHz	Socket T	65 nm, 90 nm	95 W – 130 W	2	533 MHz, 800 MHz, 1066 MHz	16 KiB per core	2×1 MiB – 2×2 MiB	N/A
Pentium Dual-Core	E2xxx E3xxx E5xxx T2xxx T3xxx	Allendale Penryn Wolfdale Yonah	2006–2009		1.6 GHz – 2.93 GHz	Socket 775 Socket M Socket P Socket T	45 nm, 65 nm	10 W – 65 W	2	533 MHz, 667 MHz, 800 MHz, 1066 MHz	64 KiB per core	1 MiB – 2 MiB	N/A
Intel Pentium (2009)	E2xx0 E5xxx E6xxx T2xxx T3xx T4xxx SU2xxx SU4xxx G69xx P6xxx U5xxx G6xx G8xx B9xx G2xxx 2xxx G3xxx 3xxx J2xx0 J3xxx N3xxx G4xx0 4xxx	Penryn Wolfdale Clarkdale Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Bay Trail-D Braswell Skylake Golden Cove	2009–present		1.2 GHz – 3.33 GHz	Socket 775 Socket P Socket T LGA 1156 LGA 1155 LGA 1150 LGA 1151 LGA 1200 LGA 1700	Intel 7, 14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm, 45 nm, 65 nm	2.9 W – 73 W	1 or 2, 2 /w hyperthreading	800 MHz, 1066 MHz, 2.5GT/s, 5 GT/s	64 KiB per core	2x256 KiB – 2 MiB	0 KiB – 3 MiB
Intel Core	Txxxx Lxxxx Uxxxx	Yonah	2006–2008		1.06 GHz – 2.33 GHz	Socket M	65 nm	5.5 W – 49 W	1 or 2	533 MHz, 667 MHz	64 KiB per core	2 MiB	N/A
Intel Core 2	Uxxxx Lxxxx Exxxx Txxxx P7xxx Xxxxx Qxxxx QXxxxx	Allendale Conroe Merom Penryn Kentsfield Wolfdale Yorkfield	2006–2011		1.06 GHz – 3.33 GHz	Socket 775 Socket M Socket P Socket J Socket T	45 nm, 65 nm	5.5 W – 150 W	1, 2 or 4	533 MHz, 667 MHz, 800 MHz, 1066 MHz, 1333 MHz, 1600 MHz	64 KiB per core	1 MiB – 12 MiB	N/A
Intel Core i3	i3-xxx i3-2xxx i3-3xxx i3-4xxx i3-61xx i3-63xx i3-71xx i3-73xx i3-81xx i3-83xx i3-91xx i3-93xx i3-101xx i3-103xx	Arrandale Clarkdale Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Skylake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Comet Lake Golden Cove	2010–present		800 MHz – 4.0 GHz	LGA 1156 LGA 1155 LGA 1150 LGA 1151 LGA 1200 LGA 1700	Intel 7, 14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm	35 W – 91 W	2 /w hyperthreading, 4, 4 /w hyperthreading	1066 MHz, 1600 MHz, 2.5 - 5 GT/s	64 KiB per core	256 KiB	3 MiB – 4 MiB
Intel Core i5	i5-7xx i5-6xx i5-2xxx i5-3xxx i5-4xxx i5-5675C i5-64xx i5-65xx i5-66xx i5-74xx i5-75xx i5-76xx i5-84xx i5-85xx i5-86xx i5-94xx i5-95xx i5-96xx i5-104xx i5-105xx i5-106xx i5-114xx i5-115xx i5-116xx	Arrandale Clarkdale Clarksfield Lynnfield Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Skylake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Comet Lake Cypress Cove Golden Cove Gracemont	2009–present		1.06 GHz – 4.2 GHz	LGA 1156 LGA 1155 LGA 1150 LGA 1151 LGA 1200 LGA 1700	Intel 7, 14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm, 45 nm	17 W – 125 W	2 - 6 /w hyperthreading,	2.5 – 8 GT/s	64 ~ 80 KiB per core	256 ~ 512 KiB	4 MiB – 12 MiB
Intel Core i7	i7-6xx i7-7xx i7-8xx i7-9xx i7-2xxx i7-37xx i7-38xx i7-47xx i7-48xx i7-5775C i7-58xx i7-59xx i7-67xx i7-68xx i7-69xx i7-77xx i7-8086K i7-87xx i7-97xx i7-107xx i7-117xx	Bloomfield Nehalem Clarksfield Lynnfield Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Haswell Refresh, Devil‘s Canyon Broadwell Skylake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Comet Lake Cypress Cove Golden Cove Gracemont	2008–present		1.1 GHz – 4.4 GHz	LGA 1156 LGA 1155 LGA 1366 LGA 2011 LGA 1150 LGA 1151 LGA 1200 LGA 1700	Intel 7, 14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm, 45 nm	35 W – 130 W	4 - 6 - 8 /w hyperthreading	4.8 GT/s, 8 GT/s	64 ~ 80 KiB per core	256 ~ 512 KiB per core	6 MiB – 16 MiB
Intel Core i7 (Extreme Edition)	i7-970 i7-980 i7-980x i7-990x i7-39xx i7-49xx i7-5820K i7-59xx i7-6800K i7-6850K i7-6900K i7-6950X (i5-7640X) i7-7740X i7-7820X	Gulftown Sandy Bridge-E Ivy Bridge-E Haswell-E Broadwell-E Skylake Kaby Lake	2011–present		3.0 GHz – 5.0 GHz	LGA 1366 LGA 2011 LGA 2011-v3 LGA 2066	14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm	130 W – 150 W	4, 6, 8 or 10 (with hyperthreading)	2.5GT/s – 8 GT/s	64 KiB per core	256 KiB per core	12 MiB – 20 MiB	Yes
Intel Core i9	i9-9900K i9-9900 i9-9900T i9-10850K i9-10900K i9-10900 i9-10900T i9-11900K i9-11900 i9-11900T i9-8950HK i9-9880H i9-9980HK i9-10885H i9-10980HK	Coffee Lake Comet Lake Cypress Cove Golden Cove Gracemont	2018–present		3.0 GHz – 5.3 GHz	LGA 1151 LGA 1200 LGA 1700	Intel 7, 14 nm	35 W – 125 W	6 - 8 - 10 /w hyperthreading	8 GT/s	64 ~ 80 KiB per core	256 ~ 512 KiB per core	16 MiB	Some
Intel Core i9 (Extreme Edition)	i9-7900X i9-7920X i9-7940X i9-7960X i9-7980XE	Kaby Lake Cascade Lake	Q3 2017–present		2.90 GHz – 4.30 GHz	LGA 2066	14 nm	35 W – 165 W	8 - 18 (with hyperthreading)	8 GT/s	64 KiB per core	1 MiB per core	13.75 MiB – 24.75 MiB	Yes
Processor	Series nomenclature	Code name	Production date	Features supported (instruction set)	Clock rate	Socket	Fabri- cation	TDP	Cores (number)	Bus speed	Cache L1	Cache L2	Cache L3	Overclock capable

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Celeron is a discontinued series of low-end IA-32 and x86-64 computer microprocessor models targeted at low-cost personal computers, manufactured by Intel. The first Celeron-branded CPU was introduced on April 15, 1998, and was based on the Pentium II.

Hyper-threading is Intel's proprietary simultaneous multithreading (SMT) implementation used to improve parallelization of computations performed on x86 microprocessors. It was introduced on Xeon server processors in February 2002 and on Pentium 4 desktop processors in November 2002. Since then, Intel has included this technology in Itanium, Atom, and Core 'i' Series CPUs, among others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xeon</span> Line of Intel server and workstation processors

Xeon is a brand of x86 microprocessors designed, manufactured, and marketed by Intel, targeted at the non-consumer workstation, server, and embedded markets. It was introduced in June 1998. Xeon processors are based on the same architecture as regular desktop-grade CPUs, but have advanced features such as support for error correction code (ECC) memory, higher core counts, more PCI Express lanes, support for larger amounts of RAM, larger cache memory and extra provision for enterprise-grade reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS) features responsible for handling hardware exceptions through the Machine Check Architecture (MCA). They are often capable of safely continuing execution where a normal processor cannot due to these extra RAS features, depending on the type and severity of the machine-check exception (MCE). Some also support multi-socket systems with two, four, or eight sockets through use of the Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI) bus, which replaced the older QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) bus.

The land grid array (LGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging for integrated circuits (ICs) that is notable for having the pins on the socket — as opposed to pins on the integrated circuit, known as a pin grid array (PGA). An LGA can be electrically connected to a printed circuit board (PCB) either by the use of a socket or by soldering directly to the board.

The Intel Core microarchitecture is a multi-core processor microarchitecture launched by Intel in mid-2006. It is a major evolution over the Yonah, the previous iteration of the P6 microarchitecture series which started in 1995 with Pentium Pro. It also replaced the NetBurst microarchitecture, which suffered from high power consumption and heat intensity due to an inefficient pipeline designed for high clock rate. In early 2004 the new version of NetBurst (Prescott) needed very high power to reach the clocks it needed for competitive performance, making it unsuitable for the shift to dual/multi-core CPUs. On May 7, 2004 Intel confirmed the cancellation of the next NetBurst, Tejas and Jayhawk. Intel had been developing Merom, the 64-bit evolution of the Pentium M, since 2001, and decided to expand it to all market segments, replacing NetBurst in desktop computers and servers. It inherited from Pentium M the choice of a short and efficient pipeline, delivering superior performance despite not reaching the high clocks of NetBurst.

Pentium is a discontinued series of x86 architecture-compatible microprocessors produced by Intel. The original Pentium was first released on March 22, 1993. The name "Pentium" is originally derived from the Greek word pente (πεντε), meaning "five", a reference to the prior numeric naming convention of Intel's 80x86 processors (8086–80486), with the Latin ending -ium since the processor would otherwise have been named 80586 using that convention.

Sandy Bridge is the codename for Intel's 32 nm microarchitecture used in the second generation of the Intel Core processors. The Sandy Bridge microarchitecture is the successor to Nehalem and Westmere microarchitecture. Intel demonstrated an A1 stepping Sandy Bridge processor in 2009 during Intel Developer Forum (IDF), and released first products based on the architecture in January 2011 under the Core brand.

Haswell is the codename for a processor microarchitecture developed by Intel as the "fourth-generation core" successor to the Ivy Bridge. Intel officially announced CPUs based on this microarchitecture on June 4, 2013, at Computex Taipei 2013, while a working Haswell chip was demonstrated at the 2011 Intel Developer Forum. Haswell was the last generation of Intel processor to have socketed processors on mobile. With Haswell, which uses a 22 nm process, Intel also introduced low-power processors designed for convertible or "hybrid" ultrabooks, designated by the "U" suffix. Haswell began shipping to manufacturers and OEMs in mid-2013, with its desktop chips officially launched in September 2013.

LGA 1156, also known as Socket H or H1, is an Intel desktop CPU socket. Its incompatible successor is LGA 1155.

Arrandale is the code name for a family of mobile Intel processors, sold as mobile Intel Core i3, i5 and i7 as well as Celeron and Pentium. It is closely related to the desktop Clarkdale processor; both use dual-core dies based on the Westmere 32 nm die shrink of the Nehalem microarchitecture, and have integrated Graphics as well as PCI Express and DMI links.

Intel Core is a line of multi-core central processing units (CPUs) for midrange, embedded, workstation, high-end and enthusiast computer markets marketed by Intel Corporation. These processors displaced the existing mid- to high-end Pentium processors at the time of their introduction, moving the Pentium to the entry level. Identical or more capable versions of Core processors are also sold as Xeon processors for the server and workstation markets.

Clarkdale is the codename for Intel's first-generation Core i5, i3 and Pentium dual-core desktop processors. It is closely related to the mobile Arrandale processor; both use dual-core dies based on the 32 nm Westmere microarchitecture and have integrated Graphics, PCI Express and DMI links built-in.

Intel Graphics Technology (GT) is the collective name for a series of integrated graphics processors (IGPs) produced by Intel that are manufactured on the same package or die as the central processing unit (CPU). It was first introduced in 2010 as Intel HD Graphics and renamed in 2017 as Intel UHD Graphics.

Socket G1, also known as rPGA 988A, is a CPU socket introduced by Intel in 2009 for the mobile variants of the first-generation Intel Core processors. It is the successor to Socket P, and the mobile counterpart to LGA 1156 and LGA 1366.

Broadwell is the fifth generation of the Intel Core processor. It is Intel's codename for the 14 nanometer die shrink of its Haswell microarchitecture. It is a "tick" in Intel's tick–tock principle as the next step in semiconductor fabrication. Like some of the previous tick-tock iterations, Broadwell did not completely replace the full range of CPUs from the previous microarchitecture (Haswell), as there were no low-end desktop CPUs based on Broadwell.

Kaby Lake is Intel's codename for its seventh generation Core microprocessor family announced on August 30, 2016. Like the preceding Skylake, Kaby Lake is produced using a 14 nanometer manufacturing process technology. Breaking with Intel's previous "tick–tock" manufacturing and design model, Kaby Lake represents the optimized step of the newer process–architecture–optimization model. Kaby Lake began shipping to manufacturers and OEMs in the second quarter of 2016, with its desktop chips officially launched in January 2017.

Coffee Lake is Intel's codename for its eighth-generation Core microprocessor family, announced on September 25, 2017. It is manufactured using Intel's second 14 nm process node refinement. Desktop Coffee Lake processors introduced i5 and i7 CPUs featuring six cores and Core i3 CPUs with four cores and no hyperthreading.

Comet Lake is Intel's codename for its 10th generation Core processors. They are manufactured using Intel's third 14 nm Skylake process revision, succeeding the Whiskey Lake U-series mobile processor and Coffee Lake desktop processor families. Intel announced low-power mobile Comet Lake-U CPUs on August 21, 2019, H-series mobile CPUs on April 2, 2020, desktop Comet Lake-S CPUs April 30, 2020, and Xeon W-1200 series workstation CPUs on May 13, 2020. Comet Lake processors and Ice Lake 10 nm processors are together branded as the Intel "10th Generation Core" family. Intel officially launched Comet Lake-Refresh CPUs on the same day as 11th Gen Core Rocket Lake launch. The low-power mobile Comet Lake-U Core and Celeron 5205U CPUs were discontinued on July 7, 2021.

References

↑ Parallel Computing: On the Road to Exascale . Netherlands, IOS Press, 2016. 373.

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[1] Parallel Computing: On the Road to Exascale . Netherlands, IOS Press, 2016. 373.

[1]

Comparison of Intel processors

Contents

Intel processors table

See also

External links

Related Research Articles

References