Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | |
---|---|
Geography | |
Location | 1275 York Avenue, Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S. |
Coordinates | 40°45′51″N73°57′25″W / 40.764096°N 73.956842°W |
Organisation | |
Funding | Non-profit hospital |
Type | Specialist |
Services | |
Emergency department | Urgent care center |
Beds | 498 (as of 2018) |
Speciality | Oncology |
History | |
Former name(s) | New York Cancer Hospital |
Opened | 1884[1] (as New York Cancer Hospital) |
Links | |
Website | www |
Lists | Hospitals in U.S. |
Other links | Hospitals in Manhattan |
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK or MSKCC) is a cancer treatment and research institution in Manhattan in New York City. It was founded in 1884 as the New York Cancer Hospital. MSKCC is one of 72 National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers. [3] [4] It had already been renamed and relocated, to its present site, when the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research was founded in 1945, and built adjacent to the hospital. The two medical entities formally coordinated their operations in 1960, and formally merged as a single entity in 1980. Its main campus is located at 1275 York Avenue between 67th and 68th Streets in Manhattan.
In U.S. News & World Report 's 2021–2022 Best Hospitals, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) is ranked the second-best hospital for cancer care in the nation after MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. [5]
The hospital was founded on the Upper West Side of Manhattan [2] in 1884 as New York Cancer Hospital by a group that included John Jacob Astor III and his wife Charlotte. [6] The hospital appointed as an attending surgeon William B. Coley, who pioneered an early form of immunotherapy to eradicate tumors. [7] Rose Hawthorne, daughter of author Nathaniel Hawthorne, trained there in the summer of 1896 before founding her own order, Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne. [8] In 1899, the hospital was renamed General Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases. [9] In 1902, Arabella Huntington made a US$100,000 (equivalent to $3.4 million in 2022) bequest in memory of her late husband Collis Potter Huntington to establish the first cancer research fund in the country, the Huntington Fund for Cancer Research. [6]
Around 1910, James Ewing, a professor at Cornell University's medical college, established a collaboration with Memorial Hospital with the help and funding of industrialist and philanthropist James Douglas, who gave $100,000 (equivalent to $3.1 million in 2022) to endow twenty beds for clinical research, equipment for working with radium, and a clinical laboratory for that purpose. [10] Douglas' enthusiasm and funding for development of radiation therapy for cancer inspired Ewing to become one of the pioneers in developing this treatment. [10] Ewing soon took over effective leadership of clinical and laboratory research at Memorial. [10] In 1916 the hospital was renamed again, dropping "General" to become known as Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases. [11] [12]
The first fellowship training program in the U.S. was created at Memorial in 1927, funded by the Rockefellers. [13] In 1931 the then-most-powerful 900k-volt X-ray tube was put into use in radiation-based cancer treatment at Memorial; the tube had been built by General Electric over several years. [14] In 1931 Ewing was formally appointed president of the hospital, a role he had effectively played until then, [10] and was featured on the cover of Time magazine as "Cancer Man Ewing"; [15] the accompanying article described his role as one of the most important cancer doctors of his era. [16] He worked at the Memorial until his retirement, in 1939. [17] Under his leadership, Memorial became a model for other cancer centers in the United States, combining patient care with clinical and laboratory research, [13] and it was said of him that "the relationship of Ewing to the Memorial Hospital can best be expressed in the words of Emerson, 'Every institution is but the lengthening shadow of some man.' Dr. Ewing is the Memorial Hospital". [10]
In 1934, John D. Rockefeller Jr. donated land on York Avenue for a new location. [18] Two years later, he granted Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases (Memorial Hospital) $3.0 million (equivalent to $63.3 million in 2022) and the hospital began their move across town. [12] Memorial Hospital officially reopened at the new location in 1939. [19] [20] In 1945, the chairman of General Motors, Alfred P. Sloan, donated $4.0 million (equivalent to $65 million in 2022) to create the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research through his Sloan Foundation, and Charles F. Kettering, GM's vice president and director of research, personally agreed to oversee the organization of a cancer research program based on industrial techniques. [21] The originally independent research institute was built adjacent to Memorial Hospital. [21]
In 1948, Cornelius P. Rhoads became the director of Memorial. Rhoads had run chemical weapons programs for the United States Army in World War II, and had been involved in the work that led to the discovery that nitrogen mustards could potentially be used as cancer drugs. [22] : 91–92 He fostered a collaboration between Joseph H. Burchenal, a clinician at Memorial and Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings at Burroughs Wellcome, who discovered 6 MP; the collaboration led to the development and eventual wide use of this cancer drug. [22] : 91–92 [23]
From the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s Chester M. Southam conducted pioneering clinical research on virotherapy and cancer immunotherapy at MSK; however he conducted his research on people without their informed consent. He did this to patients under his care or others' care, and to prisoners. [24] [25] In 1963 some doctors objected to the lack of consent in his experiments and reported him to the Regents of the University of the State of New York which found him guilty of fraud, deceit, and unprofessional conduct, and in the end, he was placed on probation for a year. [24] [25] Southam's research experiments and the case at the Regents were covered in The New York Times . [26] [27] [28] [29] [30]
In 1960, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was formed as a new corporation to coordinate the two institutions, and John Heller, the former director of the National Cancer Institute was named its president. [31] At the end of the 1960s, as the field of pediatric oncology began seeing success in treating children with cancer, Memorial opened an outpatient pediatric day hospital, partly to deal with the growing number of cancer survivors. [32]
In the early 1970s, Burchenal and Benno Schmidt, a professional investor and trustee of MSK, were appointed to the presidential panel that initiated the U.S. federal government's War on Cancer in the early 1970s. [22] : 184 When Congress passed the National Cancer Act of 1971 as part of that effort, Memorial Sloan Kettering was designated as one of only three Comprehensive Cancer Centers nationwide. [33]
In 1977, Jimmie C. Holland established a full-time psychiatric service at MSK dedicated to helping people with cancer cope with their disease and its treatment; it was one of the first such programs and was part of the creation of the field of psycho-oncology. [34] [35]
In 1980, Memorial Hospital and the Sloan-Kettering Institute formally merged into a singular entity under the name Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. [20]
In 1990 it entered an agreement with Amgen to receive royalties for recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, the basis for neupogen and neulasta, earning the institute well over $100 million. [36] [37]
In 2000, former NIH director Harold Varmus became director of MSK. [38] During his tenure, he helped build new facilities, strengthened the bond between MSK's clinical and research arms, and fostered collaborations with other institutions, including Weill-Cornell Medical College and Rockefeller University. [38]
In 2006, MSK opened the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Research Center, a 23-story building that houses over 100 laboratories. [39] In 2009 it opened the Evelyn H. Lauder Breast Center. [40]
In 2010, Craig B. Thompson, an oncologist and researcher, was appointed MSK's president and CEO. [41] The following year, MSK was rated the third most successful nonprofit in terms of FDA-approved drugs and vaccines, behind the National Institutes of Health and the University of California system. [42] In 2012, Thompson appointed José Baselga as physician-in-chief, who directed the clinical side of MSK. [43] That same year, a collaboration with IBM's Watson was announced with the goal of developing new tools and resources to better tailor diagnostic and treatment recommendations for patients. [44] The director of SKI, the research arm of MSK, Joan Massagué was appointed in 2013. [45] Baselga resigned in September 2018 after information came out regarding millions of dollars he received from pharmaceutical companies without disclosing a financial conflict of interest. [46] [47]
In 2015 it opened the Josie Robertson Surgery Center for outpatient surgeries, named in honor of the wife of philanthropist Julian Robertson . [48] [49]
In 2017, the Food and Drug Administration approved an MSK-developed immunotherapy, CAR-T, for certain applications in leukemia [50] [51] [52] and lymphoma. [53] [54] The FDA approved the first academic or commercial tumor identification test MSK-IMPACT in November 2018. [55] [56]
In 2020 it opened The David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care as an outpatient facility. [57]
In April 2022, MSK announced a $50 million donation from The Starr Foundation to aid in expanding funding for basic cancer research and discovery science. The donation will establish The Starr Foundation programme for Discovery Science at the Sloan Kettering Institute, the goal of the institute is to drive next-generation cancer breakthroughs. [58]
In June 2022, a small trial of an experimental treatment found that tumors vanished in all 14 patients diagnosed with early stage rectal cancer who completed the study by the time it was published. [59]
MSK has expanded into regional sites, including in Westchester County, New York, Commack, Hauppauge, Rockville Centre on Long Island, and Bergen County, Monmouth County, and Basking Ridge in New Jersey. [60]
MSK currently employs over 1,200 physicians and treats patients with approximately 400 types of cancer annually. [61]
The Memorial Sloan Kettering Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center had occupied 1429 First Avenue on the corner of East 74th Street in Manhattan. The former bank was built in the 1930s by Perkins and Will as architects. It was remodeled for use by Memorial Sloan Kettering in 1997. [62]
The Center for Image-Guided Intervention was opened in June 2010 in the Memorial Hospital building to oversee image guiding activities across MSK. In October 2012, the Sillerman Center for Rehabilitation was opened, moving rehabilitation out of Memorial Hospital and closer to the Rockefeller Outpatient Pavilion. [63] [64]
The New York Proton Center opened in 2019 as a partnership between Memorial Sloan Kettering, Montefiore Health, and Mount Sinai Health System. The center was the first Proton therapy center to open in New York state. [65] [66] The David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center opened at 530 East 74th Street between York Avenue and FDR Drive January 2020. Perkins Eastman designed 750,000sq ft facility in collaboration with Ennead Architects, and ICRAVE. [67] [68] [69] Thornton Tomasetti served as structural engineer, with Jaros, Baum & Bolles providing MEP engineering. [70]
The center launched its India facility in Chennai in August 2022, to provide telemedicine services in collaboration with iCiliniq to facilitate second opinion from the cancer specialists, without the need to travel to a U.S. facility. [71]
Approximately 1,700 medical residents and Fellows are in training at MSK. There are 575 postdoctoral researchers training at MSK labs and a combined 288 PhD and MD-PhD candidates. [61]
In 2004, the Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences was opened at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. [72] The first students graduated in 2012. [73] As of January 2019, the dean of the graduate school is cell biologist Michael Overholtzer. The founding dean, serving for over a decade, was molecular biologist Ken Marians. [74]
The Tri-Institutional MD–PhD Program is a partnership of MSKCC, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University. The dual degree program takes advantage of the close proximity of these three institutions for collaboration on biomedical research and medical training. MSKCC also has an academic partnership with Weill Cornell Medicine known as the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences. [75]
The following individuals have served as president, first of the overarching corporation (1960–1980), and later of the combined hospital (1980 onwards). [76]
In 2015, Charity Watch rated Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center an "A". [77] That same year, heads of the charity received $2,107,939 to $2,639,669 salary/compensation from the charity. CEO Craig B. Thompson received $2,554,085 salary/compensation from the charity. [77]
HCG Cancer Centre
The Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences (WCGS), formerly known as the Cornell University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, is a graduate college of Cornell University that was founded in 1952 as an academic partnership between two major medical institutions in New York City: Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Cornell is involved in the Tri-Institutional MD–PhD Program with Rockefeller University and the Sloan Kettering Institute; each of these three institutions is part of a large biomedical center extending along York Avenue between 65th and 72nd Streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan.
The Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University is Cornell University's biomedical research unit and medical school in New York City.
The Tri-Institutional MD–PhD Program is an academic program of study based in New York City that was formed by combining earlier MD–PhD programs that had their inceptions in 1972. The current version of the program, which is operated by Weill Cornell Medicine, Rockefeller University, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center's Sloan Kettering Institute, was created in 1991.
Josep Baselga i Torres, known in Spanish as José Baselga, was a Spanish medical oncologist and researcher focused on the development of novel molecular targeted agents, with a special emphasis in breast cancer. Through his career he was associated with the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, and the Massachusetts General Hospital in their hematology and oncology divisions. He led the development of the breast cancer treatment Herceptin, a monoclonal antibody, that targets the HER2 protein, which is impacted in aggressive breast cancers.
The Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine or Tri-I CBM is a PhD program that exists as a partnership between the Weill Cornell Medical College (WMC), Rockefeller University, and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). The program is in part designed to encourage collaboration and a sense of connectedness between the two branches of Cornell University and the other institutions in Manhattan. Dr. Christina Leslie is the current director of the program.
Cornelius Packard "Dusty" Rhoads was an American pathologist, oncologist, and hospital administrator who was involved in a racist scandal and subsequent whitewashing in the 1930s. Beginning in 1940, he served as director of Memorial Hospital for Cancer Research in New York, from 1945 was the first director of Sloan-Kettering Institute, and the first director of the combined Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center. For his contributions to cancer research, Rhoads was featured on the cover of the June 27, 1949 issue of Time magazine under the title "Cancer Fighter".
William S. Breitbart, FAPM, is an American psychiatrist in Psychosomatic Medicine, Psycho-oncology, and Palliative Care. He is the Jimmie C Holland Chair in Psychiatric Oncology, and the Chief of the Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, He is a Professor of Clinical Psychiatry at Weill Medical College of Cornell University. He was president of the Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine, and the Editor-in-Chief of Palliative and Supportive Care.
Robert E. Wittes was Physician-in-Chief of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, from 2002 until December 31, 2012. Prior to his appointment at MSKCC, he was Deputy Director for Extramural Sciences and Director of the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis at the National Cancer Institute, where he oversaw NCI's extramural clinical and basic research programs, including the evaluation of new therapeutics, diagnostics, and translational research. Wittes is a fellow of the American College of Physicians, a member of the American Association for Cancer Research, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and the American Federation for Medical Research. In addition to his institutional affiliations, Dr. Wittes has served as editor-in-chief of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute and Oncology. He has served on the editorial boards of Clinical Cancer Research, Current Opinion in Oncology, The American Journal of Clinical Oncology; Cancer Investigation, and The International Journal of Radiation Oncology-Biology & Physics, among others.
George Bosl is an American cancer researcher, holder of the Patrick M. Byrne Chair in Clinical Oncology at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and is a professor of medicine at the Weill Cornell Medical College. In 1997, he was appointed chair of the Department of Medicine at Sloan-Kettering, a position which he held until 2015. In 2019, he was named Memorial Sloan Kettering's first ombudsperson.
Peter T. Scardino is an American cancer surgeon, researcher, and author expert in genitourinary and urological cancers particularly cancer of the prostate. He is chair of the Department of Surgery at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
John H. Healey is an American cancer surgeon, researcher, and expert in the surgical treatment of benign and malignant bone tumors and other musculoskeletal cancers. He serves as Chair of the Orthopaedic Service and Stephen P. McDermott Chair in Surgery at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), as well as Professor of Surgery at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York, NY.
Kenneth Offit is an American cancer geneticist and oncologist. He is currently Chief of the Clinical Genetics Service and the Robert and Kate Niehaus Chair in Inherited Cancer Genomics at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Offit is also a member of the Program in Cancer Biology and Genetics at the Sloan-Kettering Institute, Professor of Medicine and Healthcare Policy and Research at Weill Cornell Medical College, and a member of both the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Cancer Institute and the Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention working group of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control.
Marcel R.M. van den Brink is a Dutch oncologist and researcher known for his research in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for cancer patients.
Alexander Rudensky is an immunologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center known for his research on regulatory T cells and the transcription factor Foxp3.
Howard I. Scher is the Chief of the Genitourinary Oncology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Professor of Medicine at the Weill Cornell Medical College. He has a depth of experience in clinical trials for novel types of cancer treatment.
David A. Scheinberg is an American physician, scientist, drug developer, and entrepreneur, who is currently Vincent Astor Chair, and Chairman of the Molecular Pharmacology Program at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). He is a pioneer and inventor of targeted alpha particle therapies and alpha particle generators for use in patients with cancer.
Dr. Kathleen M. Foley is an American physician. She was an Attending Neurologist at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. She worked as a professor of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Clinical Pharmacology at Cornell University Weill Medical College. Foley made contributions toward making palliative care for cancer patients accessible. She headed the country's first pain service in a cancer center at Memorial Sloan-Kettering and was the medical director of the Supportive Care Program. In 1999, she became the director of the Open Society Institute’s Project on Death in America. Additionally, Foley was the Director of the WHO Collaborating Center for Cancer Pain Research and Education at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. She holds the Chair of the Society of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in Pain Research and continues to work with the Open Society Institute as the Medical Director of the International Palliative Care Initiative of the Network Public Health Program of the Research.
Philip W. Kantoff is a medical oncologist. He is the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Convergent Therapeutics. He served as the Chairman of Medicine at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 2015 and 2021. He is best known for his contributions to the impact of DNA abnormalities in prostate cancer and the discovery of therapies for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
Lisa Marie DeAngelis is an American neuro-oncologist and Physician-in-Chief and Chief Medical Officer at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
Carol L. Brown is the Nicholls-Biondi Chair for Health Equity at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and a professor at Weill Cornell Medical College. She is a surgeon known for her work on gynecological cancers.
A gift of $3,000,000 from the General Education Board, founded by John D. Rockefeller, to the Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases
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