Hurricane Nate (2005)

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Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

A tropical wave emerged from the west coast of Africa on August 30 and tracked westward across the Atlantic Ocean, maintaining a vigorous area of convection along the wave axis. By September 1 most of the deep convection had been stripped away by southwesterly wind shear. Despite this, the wave remained well-defined as it continued west-northwest. The wave split into two pieces; the northern portion passed between the Leeward Islands and Hurricane Maria on September 3, while the southern portion moved into the Caribbean Sea. On September 4, the northern portion of the wave began to interact with an upper-level low pressure system and an elongated trough that was located between Bermuda and the Leeward Islands [1] —the same trough which contributed to the development of Hurricane Ophelia. [2] As a result of the low wind shear, convection redeveloped and organized along the wave axis. Convective banding formed around a broad surface low. It is estimated that the system developed into a tropical depression at 1800  UTC on September 5. At the time it was located approximately 350 miles (560 km) to the south-southwest of Bermuda. [1]

Upon being designated, Tropical Depression Fifteen developed deep convection close to, and to the east of, the center of circulation. At the same time, banding features became better organized. [3] Later on September 5, the overall cloud pattern improved while thunderstorm activity condensed and deepened within the increasingly well-defined circulation. [4] Just six hours after being designated as a tropical depression, the cyclone intensified into a tropical storm; it was given the name Nate by the National Hurricane Center. Over the following two days, Nate drifted slowly northeastward towards Bermuda. [1]

Within the early hours of September 6, Nate became quasi-stationary under a weak steering pattern between Hurricane Maria and a disturbance over The Bahamas. [5] Satellite imagery indicated that the cloud pattern continued to organize with excellent outflow surrounding the storm. [6] Late on September 6 a developing banding eye feature became evident. [7] Tropical Storm Nate strengthened further and became a hurricane at 1200 UTC on September 7, as it began to turn away from Bermuda. [1] Some models indicated that Nate could have been either absorbed by or merged with the larger Hurricane Maria, but the National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecast that Nate would survive as a separate system, which it did. [8] The large low to the northeast of The Bahamas gradually opened into a broad trough as a shortwave trough approached from the northwest. The larger trough slowly became elongated in a northeast–southwest manner late on September 7. At the same time, the shortwave trough moved southward along the west side of the other trough. The increasing southwesterly flow along the southeast side of the broad trough caused Nate to accelerate northeastward. Nate reached its peak intensity of 90 mph (145 km/h) late on September 8 as it passed 120 miles (205 km) southeast of Bermuda, while its strongest winds remained well offshore. [1]

While at peak intensity, the storm maintained a well-organized and "impressive" convective pattern. [9] Soon after the storm peaked in strength, increasing wind shear and dry air caused Nate to weaken back into a tropical storm later on September 9. [1] Satellite imagery showed that the cloud pattern began to rapidly deteriorate. [10] The hurricane was downgraded to a tropical storm at 1800 UTC on September 9 and continued to weaken as wind shear increased in association with an approaching trough and a related cold front. [1] By late on September 9, all of the already limited convective activity was confined to the eastern semicircle, leaving the low-level center exposed. [11] The storm was reduced to a swirl of low-level clouds just hours later. [12] Nate became extratropical the next day before becoming absorbed by a larger system by 0000 UTC on September 13, to the north-northeast of the Azores. [1]

Impact, records, and naming

Tropical Storm Nate intensifying on September 6 Hurricane Nate Sept 6 05.jpg
Tropical Storm Nate intensifying on September 6

A tropical storm watch was issued for Bermuda early on September 7, and later that day a tropical storm warning and a hurricane watch superseded it. However, the storm did not reach the island, so the warnings were canceled as the storm moved away September 8. [1] Four cruise ships left the island ahead of schedule, and flights were canceled in anticipation of Nate. [13] [14]

The outer bands of Nate brushed Bermuda with sustained winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) and widespread showers. [1] [15] Gusts were higher, peaking at roughly 50 mph (80 km/h). [16] Less than 1 inch (25 mm) of rain was recorded at Bermuda International Airport. [1] Damage in Bermuda was minimal. [1] Two ships reported tropical storm-force winds in association with the storm: the Maersk New Orleans, to the north of the storm's center, and a ship with the call sign WCZ858 to the east-southeast. [1] Rip currents from Nate and the more distant Maria killed one and injured another in New Jersey; several others were caught in rip currents, though they were able to escape. [17] In the Carolinas, Nate also contributed to heightened seas, though this time in combination with Hurricane Ophelia and persistent unrelated northeasterly winds. A buoy just offshore Cape Fear recorded waves up to 12 ft (3.7 m). [18]

Tropical energy from the remnants of Nate and Maria merged to form a broad storm system that would track toward parts of Europe. The mid-latitude cyclone produced a day of heavy rains across the Scottish Highlands that included a 24-hour precipitation total of 5.17 in (131 mm) on the Isle of Skye. [19] As it continued north, the storm also dropped torrential rainfall over Western Norway. The region suffered extensive flooding and mudslides, including one that killed one person and injured nine more. [19] [20] Although the remnants of Nate and Maria avoided England, they broke a streak of above-average temperatures in the region, filtering down much cooler Arctic air. In places, this led to the first frost of the winter season. [21] Temperatures down to −1.7 °C (28.9 °F) were recorded following the influx of colder air, with readings below freezing as far south as Hertfordshire. [19]

Four Canadian Navy ships headed to the Gulf Coast of the United States, carrying relief supplies to help in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, were slowed down trying to avoid Hurricanes Nate and Ophelia. [22] The convoy included a destroyer, two frigates, and an icebreaker, and developed a plan to travel between the two hurricanes to minimize damage to their cargo. Anticipating rough seas and gusty winds even with the altered course, crews secured onboard supplies which included generators, chainsaws, diapers, and cots. [23] The genesis of Tropical Storm Nate continued the unprecedented levels of tropical activity during the 2005 hurricane season; when it developed on September 5, it was the earliest in any season that the fourteenth named tropical cyclone formed, surpassing the previous record held by an unnamed storm during the 1936 season. This record was later broken in 2020 when Tropical Storm Nana formed on September 1, four days earlier. [24]

See also

Related Research Articles

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The 2002 Atlantic hurricane season was a near-average Atlantic hurricane season. It officially started on June 1, 2002, and ended on November 30, dates which conventionally limit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic Ocean. The season produced fourteen tropical cyclones, of which twelve developed into named storms; four became hurricanes, and two attained major hurricane status. While the season's first cyclone did not develop until July 14, activity quickly picked up: eight storms developed in the month of September. It ended early however, with no tropical storms forming after October 6—a rare occurrence caused partly by El Niño conditions. The most intense hurricane of the season was Hurricane Isidore with a minimum central pressure of 934 mbar, although Hurricane Lili attained higher winds and peaked at Category 4 whereas Isidore only reached Category 3. However, Lili had a minimum central pressure of 938 mbar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2005 Atlantic hurricane season</span> Hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean

The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the second-most active Atlantic hurricane season in history, with it being the most active until the record was broken 15 years later in 2020. The season broke numerous records at the time, with 28 tropical or subtropical storms recorded. The United States National Hurricane Center named 27 storms, exhausting the annual pre-designated list and resulting in the usage of six Greek letter names, and also identified an additional unnamed storm during a post-season re-analysis. A record 15 storms attained hurricane status, with maximum sustained winds of at least 74 miles per hour (119 km/h); of those, a record seven became major hurricanes, which are a Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale. Four storms of this season became Category 5 hurricanes, the highest ranking on the scale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Ophelia (2005)</span> Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2005

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Ana (2003)</span> Atlantic tropical storm

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Gert (1999)</span> Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1999

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Florence (2006)</span> Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2006

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Dean (2001)</span> Atlantic tropical storm in 2001

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Erin (2001)</span> Category 3 Atlantic hurricane

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Edouard (2002)</span> Atlantic tropical cyclone

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2007)</span> Atlantic tropical cyclone

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Bertha (2008)</span> Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 2008

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006 Pacific hurricane season</span> Hurricane season in the Pacific Ocean

The 2006 Pacific hurricane season was the first above-average season since 1997 which produced twenty-five tropical cyclones, with nineteen named storms, though most were rather weak and short-lived. Only eleven hurricanes formed and six major hurricanes. Following the inactivity of the previous seasons, forecasters predicted that season would be only slightly above active. It was also the first time since 2003 in which at least one cyclone of tropical storm intensity made landfall. The season officially began on May 15 in the East Pacific Ocean, and on June 1 in the Central Pacific; they ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Pacific basin. However, the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time of the year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011 Atlantic hurricane season</span> Hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean

The 2011 Atlantic hurricane season was the second in a group of three very active Atlantic hurricane seasons, each with 19 named storms. The above-average activity was mostly due to a La Niña that persisted during the previous year. Of the season's 19 tropical storms, only seven strengthened into hurricanes, and only four of those became major hurricanes: Irene, Katia, Ophelia, and Rina. The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30, dates which conventionally delimit the period during each year in which most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic Ocean. However, the first tropical storm of the season, Arlene, did not develop until nearly a month later. The final system, Tropical Storm Sean, dissipated over the open Atlantic on November 11.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Maria (2011)</span> Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2011

Hurricane Maria was a Category 1 hurricane that made landfall on the island of Newfoundland during September 2011. Originating from a tropical wave over the central Atlantic on September 6, Maria moved toward the west and slowly strengthened. While approaching the northern Leeward Islands, however, the system entered a region of higher vertical wind shear and cooler sea surface temperatures, causing it to degenerate into a low-pressure area. It slowly curved toward the north and northeast around the western periphery of the subtropical ridge, and regained tropical storm status on September 10. Maria further strengthened to attain hurricane status while making its closest approach to Bermuda. The cyclone attained peak winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) on September 16, but weakened thereafter because of an increase in wind shear and cooler sea surface temperatures. Maria made landfall on the southeastern coast of Newfoundland during the afternoon hours of September 16 before becoming absorbed by a frontal system later on that same day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Nadine</span> Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2012

Hurricane Nadine was an erratic Category 1 hurricane that became the fourth-longest-lived Atlantic hurricane on record. As the fourteenth tropical cyclone and named storm of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, Nadine developed from a tropical wave traveling west of Cape Verde on September 10. On the following day, it had strengthened into Tropical Storm Nadine. After initially tracking northwestward, Nadine turned northward, well away from any landmass. Early on September 15, Nadine reached hurricane status as it was curving eastward. Soon after, an increase in vertical wind shear weakened Nadine and by September 16 it was back to a tropical storm. On the following day, the storm began moving northeastward and threatened the Azores but late on September 19, Nadine veered east-southeastward before reaching the islands. Nonetheless, the storm produced tropical storm force winds on a few islands. On September 21, the storm curved south-southeastward while south of the Azores. Later that day, Nadine transitioned into a extratropical low pressure area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 Atlantic hurricane season</span> Hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean

The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season was a devastating, extremely active Atlantic hurricane season and the costliest on record, with a damage total of at least $294.92 billion (USD). The season featured 17 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 6 major hurricanes. Most of the season's damage was due to hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria. Another notable hurricane, Nate, was the worst natural disaster in Costa Rican history. These four storm names were retired following the season due to the number of deaths and amount of damage they caused.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Alex (2016)</span> Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2016

Hurricane Alex was the first Atlantic hurricane to occur in January since Hurricane Alice of 1954–55. Alex originated as a non-tropical low near the Bahamas on January 7, 2016. Initially traveling northeast, the system passed by Bermuda on January 8 before turning southeast and deepening. It briefly acquired hurricane-force winds by January 10, then weakened slightly before curving towards the east and later northeast. Acquiring more tropical weather characteristics over time, the system transitioned into a subtropical cyclone well south of the Azores on January 12, becoming the first North Atlantic tropical or subtropical cyclone in January since Tropical Storm Zeta of 2005–2006. Alex continued to develop tropical features while turning north-northeast, and transitioned into a fully tropical cyclone on January 14. The cyclone peaked in strength as a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS), with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph and a central pressure of 981 mbar. Alex weakened to a high-end tropical storm before making landfall on Terceira Island on January 15. By that time, the storm was losing its tropical characteristics; it fully transitioned back into a non-tropical cyclone several hours after moving away from the Azores. Alex ultimately merged with another cyclone over the Labrador Sea on January 17.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Stacy R. Stewart (November 29, 2005). "Hurricane Nate Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 17, 2008. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  2. ↑ Jack Beven and Hugh D. Cobb, III (January 26, 2006). "Hurricane Ophelia Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 17, 2008. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  3. ↑ Robert Molleda and Richard Pasch (September 5, 2005). "Tropical Depression 15 Discussion Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  4. ↑ Richard Knabb (September 5, 2005). "Tropical Storm Nate Discussion Number 2". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  5. ↑ Stacy Stewart (September 6, 2005). "Tropical Storm Nate Discussion Number 3". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  6. ↑ Lixion Avila (September 6, 2005). "Tropical Storm Nate Discussion Number 4". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  7. ↑ David Roberts and Jack Beven (September 6, 2005). "Tropical Storm Nate Discussion Number 6". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  8. ↑ David Roberts and Jack Beven (September 7, 2005). "Hurricane Nate Discussion Number 10". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  9. ↑ Jamie Rhome and Jack Beven (September 8, 2005). "Hurricane Nate Discussion Number 14". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  10. ↑ Jamie Rhome and James Franklin (September 9, 2005). "Hurricane Nate Discussion Number 15". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  11. ↑ Eric Blake and Lixion Avila (September 9, 2005). "Hurricane Kate Discussion Number 17". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  12. ↑ Jamie Rhome and Jack Beven (September 9, 2005). "Hurricane Kate Discussion Number 18". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  13. ↑ Stuart Roberts (September 8, 2005). "Bermuda braces itself as Hurricane Nate moves closer". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  14. ↑ "Flights canceled in Bermuda due to Hurricane Nate". Airline Industry Information. September 8, 2005. Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  15. ↑ Mark Guishard & Roger Williams. "The 2005 Hurricane Season in Bermuda". Bermuda Weather Service. Archived from the original on September 5, 2006. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  16. ↑ Staff Writer (September 8, 2005). "Hurricane Nate spares Bermuda, passes well south of island". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  17. ↑ "Rip Current Event Report for New Jersey". National Climatic Data Center. 2005. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  18. ↑ Bruce Smith (September 11, 2005). "Tropical Weather". The Inland Valley Daily Bulletin.
  19. 1 2 3 Philip Edgen (September 18, 2005). "Bad weather caused by two more hurricanes Maria and Nate leave their mark in dropping temperatures". The Sunday Telegraph.
  20. ↑ Jonathan Tisdall (September 14, 2005). "Mudslides hit Vestlandet". Aftenposten. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  21. ↑ Paul Simmons (September 20, 2005). "Hurricanes make us shiver when they die". The Times (London).
  22. ↑ Jim Fox (September 11, 2005). "Storms slow Canada aid". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  23. ↑ Canadian Press (September 9, 2005). "Canadian vessels must avoid storm". The Vancouver Province.
  24. ↑ "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved August 22, 2023.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
Hurricane Nate
Nate Sept 7 2005 1730Z.jpg
Hurricane Nate at peak intensity southeast of Bermuda on September 9
Tropical cyclones of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
2005 Atlantic hurricane season summary map.png

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