.amazon

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.amazon is a brand top-level domain operated by the e-commerce company Amazon, granted to them in May 2019. [1]

History

Amazon.com applied for the domain name extension in 2012, which was granted. [2] [3] That application was overturned after Peru and Brazil objected to it, the objection was supported by the Governmental Advisory Committee (a group which represents governments within ICANN) [4] which recommended in 2013 against allowing Amazon.com's application to proceed. [3] [5] [6]

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela (which are members of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization) were against the proposal as it could harm their countries' interests, and proposed that together the nations and the company would share some governance of the domain. [4]

ICANN directed the disputing parties to negotiate a resolution. [7] The nations wished to receive specific domains under the top-level domain, while Amazon proposed that each nation be given a second-level domain based on their country code. [2] According to ICANN meeting notes, “the name Amazon, in any language, is part of the cultural heritage and identity of the Amazon countries, and that its use as a first level domain name unless otherwise agreed by the Amazon countries, shall be reserved for the promotion of the interests and rights of the Amazon peoples and their inclusion in the information society.” [8]

In 2017, an Independent Review Process was found in favor of Amazon.com. [1] Negotiations have stalled since, and in December 2019 ICANN signed an agreement with Amazon.com. [9]

Related Research Articles

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A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet after the root domain. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last non empty label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com, the top-level domain is .com. Responsibility for management of most top-level domains is delegated to specific organizations by the ICANN, an Internet multi-stakeholder community, which operates the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and is in charge of maintaining the DNS root zone.

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References

  1. 1 2 Darlington, Shasta (18 April 2019). "Battle for .amazon Domain Pits Retailer Against South American Nations". New York Times. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  2. 1 2 Novak, Matt (5 April 2019). "Amazon's Fight With South American Countries Over Control of '.amazon' Domain Name Comes to a Head". Gizmodo. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  3. 1 2 "Who Owns the .Amazon? (And How Many Kindles Would You Pay For It?)". Opinio Juris. 19 April 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  4. 1 2 Uchoa, Pablo (5 April 2019). "The nations of the Amazon want the name back" . Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  5. ↑ "The politics of internet domain names and the case of .amazon". AEI. 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  6. ↑ "The Case of .Amazon and What It Means For ICANN". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  7. ↑ "After 7-Year Battle, Amazon Nears Victory In Domain Name Dispute". NPR.org. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  8. ↑ "Further Consideration of the .AMAZON Applications". ICANN Features. 2018-09-16. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
  9. ↑ Ho, Tara Van (21 June 2019). "Amazon wins '.amazon' domain name, aggravating South American region and undermining digital commons". The Conversation. Retrieved 2022-12-07.


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