1906 Huddersfield by-election

1906 Huddersfield by-election

←  1906 28 November 1906 Jan. 1910  →

Candidate Sherwell Williams Fraser Party Liberal Labour Conservative Popular vote 5,762 5,422 4,844 Percentage 36.0% 33.8% 30.2%

MP before election Sir James Woodhouse Liberal Subsequent MP Arthur Sherwell Liberal

The 1906 Huddersfield by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 28 November 1906. ^[1] The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

Vacancy

Sir James Woodhouse had been Liberal MP here since the 1895 general election. He resigned upon his appointment as the Rail and Canal Traffic Commissioner.

Electoral history

The seat had been Liberal since Woodhouse re-gained it in 1895. It had been a marginal seat, but Woodhouse had won with a bit to spare in 1895 and 1900. He narrowly held the seat at the last election after the intervention of a Labour candidate.

Woodhouse

General election 1906 Huddersfield ^[2]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	James Woodhouse	6,302	38.2	−15.4
	Labour Repr. Cmte.	T. Russell Williams	5,813	35.2	New
	Conservative	John Foster Fraser	4,391	26.6	−19.8
Majority			489	3.0	−4.2
Turnout			16,506	94.0	+6.2
Registered electors			17,568
	Liberal hold		Swing	+2.2

Candidates

The local Liberal Association selected the 43-year-old temperance campaigner Arthur Sherwell to defend the seat. The Conservatives retained the 38-year-old journalist John Foster Fraser as their candidate. The 37-year-old Thomas Russell Williams, who had stood as a candidate of the Labour Representation Committee, at the general election also stood again but this time as the candidate of the Labour Party. Although raised in Huddersfield, he worked as a mill manager in Keighley. ^[3]

Campaign

Polling day was fixed for 28 November 1906. The Conservative and Labour challengers started with an advantage, as their names were known from having contested the constituency nine months earlier. The Liberals had received a setback, losing Cockermouth to the Conservatives in a by-election three months earlier. Liberal candidates in other by-elections had also seen their vote share fall from the party's general election high point. In Huddersfield, since the general election, the Liberal association had undergone reorganisation and had substantially increased its membership. Williams, the Labour candidate, was regarded as a quasi-Marxist socialist and struggled to relate his stances to local trade unionists, who wanted firm policy commitments from him. ^[3] Sherwell, the Liberal candidate, supported giving women the vote. However, the Women's Social and Political Union set up a local campaign office to campaign against him. ^[4]

Result

The Liberals held the seat with a slightly reduced majority.

Huddersfield by-election, 1906 ^[2]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Arthur Sherwell	5,762	36.0	−2.2
	Labour	T. Russell Williams	5,422	33.8	−1.4
	Conservative	John Foster Fraser	4,844	30.2	+3.6
Majority			340	2.2	−0.8
Turnout			16,028	91.2	−2.8
	Liberal hold		Swing	-0.4

Aftermath

The Labour Party decided that after two contests, Williams was not a good candidate and so it changed him for another for the next election, only to see their share of the vote drop further. The Huddersfield Liberals stifled the growth of the Labour Party up to the First World War. ^[3]

General election January 1910: Huddersfield ^[2]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Arthur Sherwell	7,158	39.8	+3.8
	Labour	Harry Snell	5,686	31.6	−2.2
	Conservative	Harold Smith	5,153	28.6	−1.6
Majority			1,472	8.2	+5.2
Turnout			17,997	94.6	+0.6
Registered electors			19,021
	Liberal hold		Swing	+2.6

References

1. Craig, F.W.S. (1987). Chronology of British Parliamentary By-elections 1833–1987. Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 100.
2. British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918, F. W. S. Craig
3. Liberalism and the Rise of Labour 1890-1918 by Keith Laybourn, Jack Reynolds, Routledge, 1984
4. The Scottish Suffragettes and the Press by Sarah Pedersen, Palgrave MacMillan, 2017