1923 Palestinian Legislative Council election

Last updated
1923 Palestinian Legislative Council election
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
1923

12 of the 23 seats in the Legislative Council
Election annulled
PartySeats
High Commissioner (ex-officio) 1
Appointees 10
Muslims 8
Christians 2
Jews 2
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

Legislative Council elections were held in Mandatory Palestine in February and March 1923. [1] However, due to an Arab boycott of the elections called by the fifth Palestine Arab Congress, the results of the election were annulled, [2] and an Advisory Council was appointed instead.

Contents

Background

The Palestinian Legislative Council was established pursuant to Part III of the 1922 Palestine Order in Council, which was the constitution of the British Mandate. [2] The Council was to consist of 23 members - 12 elected, 10 appointed and the High Commissioner. [2] The ten appointed members were to be the Chief Secretary, the Attorney-General, the Treasurer, the Inspector-General of Police, the Director of Health, the Director of Public Works, the Director of Education, the Director of Agriculture, the Director of Customs and the Director of Commerce and Industry. [3] Of the 12 elected members, eight were to be Muslim Arabs, two Christian Arabs and two Jews. [4] Arabs protested against the distribution of the seats, arguing that as they constituted 88% of the population, having only 43% of the seats was unfair. [4] The Muslim and Christian Arabs boycotted the elections. [2]

Electoral system

Primary elections were held in February to elect secondary electors, who in turn were divided into electoral colleges for the purpose of electing Council members. [5] All male citizens over the age of 25 had the right to vote. [6] A total of 823 secondary electors were to be elected; 670 Muslims, 79 Jews, 59 Christians and 15 Druze. [5]

Results

Whilst the election held between 20 and 28 February returned sufficient numbers of Druze and Jewish electors, only 82 electors were returned by Christian and Muslim Arabs. [7] Voting was extended, but even after the additional period, only 126 Arab electors had been chosen. [7]

Aftermath

After the elections results were annulled, a 12-member Advisory Council was established in May 1923. Its members were: [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shefa-Amr</span> Arab city in northern Israel

Shefa-Amr or Shfar'am is an Arab city in the Northern District of Israel. In 2022 it had a population of 43,543, with a Sunni Muslim majority and large Christian Arab and Druze minorities.

In government, several constitutional arrangements use reserved political positions, especially when endeavoring to ensure the rights of women, minorities or other segments of society, or preserving a political balance of power.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arab citizens of Israel</span> Ethnic group

The Arab citizens of Israel form the country's largest ethnic minority. Their community mainly consists of former Mandatory Palestine citizens who continued to inhabit the territory that was acknowledged as Israeli by the 1949 Armistice Agreements. Notions of identity among Israel's Arab citizens are complex, encompassing civic, religious, and ethnic components. Some sources report that the majority of Arabs in Israel prefer to be identified as Palestinian citizens of Israel, while recent surveys indicate that most name "Israeli", "Israeli-Arab", or "Arab" as the most important components of their identity, reflecting a shift of "Israelization" among the community.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa</span> Overview of the role and situation of democracy in the Middle East and North Africa

The state of Democracy in Middle East and North Africa can be comparatively assessed according to various definitions of democracy. De jure democracies in the Middle East and North Africa are according to system of government:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Lebanon</span> Head of state of Lebanon

The presidentof the Lebanese Republic is the head of state of Lebanon. The president is elected by the parliament for a term of six years, which cannot be renewed immediately because they can only be renewed non-consecutively. By convention, the president is always a Maronite Christian who fulfills the same requirements as a candidate for the house of representatives, as per article 49 of the Lebanese constitution.

The Supreme Muslim Council was the highest body in charge of Muslim community affairs in Mandatory Palestine under British control. It was established to create an advisory body composed of Muslims and Christians with whom the High Commissioner could consult. The Muslim leaders, however, sought to create an independent council to supervise the religious affairs of its community, especially in matters relating to religious trusts (waqf) and shariah courts. The British acceded to these proposals and formed the SMC which controlled waqf funds, the orphan funds, and shariah courts, and responsible for appointing teachers and preachers. The SMC continued to exist until January 1951, when it was dissolved by Jordan and its function transferred to the Jordanian Ministry of Awqaf.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jamal al-Husayni</span> Palestinian politician

Jamal al-Husayni (1894–1982), was born in Jerusalem and was a member of the highly influential and respected Husayni family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">People's Assembly of Syria</span> Legislative authority of Syria

Until December 2024, under the Syrian Arab Republic, the People's Assembly was the legislature of Syria. It had 250 members elected for a four-year term in 15 multi-seat constituencies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maghar, Israel</span> City council in Israel

Maghar is a city of mixed population of Muslims, Christians, and Druze in Israel's Northern District with an area of 19,810 dunams [CONVERT]. Maghar was given the status of a local council in 1956, and of a city in 2021. In 2022 it had a population of 23,998. Its population consists of 57% Druze, 23% Christians, and 20% Muslims.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kafr Yasif</span> Arab village in Northern Israel

Kafr Yasif is an Arab town in the Northern District of Israel. It is located 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) northeast of the city of Acre and adjacent to Abu Sinan and Yarka. The population of Kafr Yasif is half Christian (52.1%) with most of the rest Muslim (44.9%), together with a small Druze community.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rameh</span> Local council in Israel

Rameh is an Arab town in the Northern District of Israel. Located east of Nahf and Karmiel, in 2022 it had a population of 7,798. Over half of the inhabitants are Christians, mostly Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholic, over a third are Druze and the remainder are Muslims.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islam in Israel</span>

As of 2022, Muslims are the largest religious minority in Israel, accounting for 18.1% of the country's total population. Most of this figure is represented by the Arab citizens of Israel, who are the country's largest ethnic minority, but there is a notable non-Arab Muslim populace, such as that of the Circassians. Upwards of 99% of Israel's Muslims are Sunnis and the remainder are Ahmadis. Despite Shias constituting the second-largest Islamic sect, there are no reliable sources attesting a Shia presence in Israel or the Israeli-occupied West Bank, which the Israeli government administers as the Judea and Samaria Area. There were only seven Shia villages in the entirety of Mandatory Palestine and all of these were located along what is now the Israel–Lebanon border before being depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State of Aleppo</span> Former state in the French Mandate of Syria

The State of Aleppo was one of the six states that were established by the French High Commissioner of the Levant, General Henri Gouraud, in the French Mandate of Syria which followed the San Remo conference and the collapse of King Faisal I's short-lived Arab monarchy in Syria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isfiya</span> Local council in Israel

Isfiya, also known as Usfiya, is a Druze-majority village in northern Israel, governed by a local council. It also includes Christians, Muslims and a few Jewish households. Located on Mount Carmel, it is part of the Haifa District. In 2022 its population was 12,136. In 2003, the local council was merged with nearby Daliyat al-Karmel to form Carmel City. However, the new city was dissolved in 2008 and the two villages resumed their independent status.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sabalan, Safad</span> Village in Safad, Mandatory Palestine

Sabalan was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict, located 15.5 kilometers (9.6 mi) northwest of Safad. It stood at an elevation of 800 meters (2,600 ft) above sea level overlooking the Druze village of Hurfeish. In 1945, Sabalan had a population of 70. It was depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Druze in Israel</span> Ethnoreligious minority among Israels Arab citizens

Israeli Druze or Druze Israelis are an ethnoreligious minority among the Arab citizens of Israel. They maintain Arabic language and culture as integral parts of their identity, and Arabic is their primary language. In 2019, there were 143,000 Druze people living within Israel and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, comprising 1.6% of the total population of Israel. the majority of Israeli Druze are concentrated in northern Israel, especially in Galilee, Carmel and the Golan areas.

Between 1919 and 1928, the Palestinian Arab population in the British Mandate of Palestine held a series of congresses, organized by a nationwide network of local Muslim-Christian Associations. Seven congresses were held in Jerusalem, Jaffa, Haifa and Nablus. Despite broad public support their executive committees were never officially recognised by the British, who claimed they were unrepresentative. After the British defeat of Ottoman forces in 1918, the British established military rule and (later) civil administration of Palestine. The Palestine Arab Congress and its organizers in the Muslim-Christian Associations were formed when the country's Arab population began coordinated opposition to British policies.

In 1918, following the British defeat of the Ottoman army and their establishment of a Military Government in Palestine, a number of political clubs called Muslim-Christian Associations were established in all the major towns. They soon formed a national body, the Palestine Arab Congress, which tried to influence the developing British policy in Palestine and counter the influence of the Zionist Commission which visited Palestine in April 1918. The main platform of these groups were:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mandatory Palestine</span> British League of Nations mandate (1920–1948)

Mandatory Palestine was a geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the region of Palestine under the terms of the League of Nations Mandate for Palestine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Druze in Mandatory Palestine</span> Ethnoreligious group

Palestinian Druze were people in Mandatory Palestine who belonged to the Druze ethnoreligious group. During the first census of the British mandate, Druze were one of eight religious demographic groups who were categorized, The sense of a distinct identity among Druze began to increase in the 1930s when some other Arab citizens viewed them as being neutral during ethnic contentions. During the early 20th century, many authors depicted the Druze as neutral during the clashes that happened between Arabs and Jews in the 1920s and 1930s. This perception eventually culminated in Israeli leadership approaching the Druze who were in leadership positions and offering them a treaty of non-aggression, leading to somewhat tranquil relations between the two.

References

  1. William B. Quandt, Paul Jabber, Ann Mosely Lesch (1973) The politics of Palestinian nationalism University of California Press, p27
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 ""Palestine. The Constitution Suspended., Arab Boycott Of Elections., Back To British Rule" The Times, 30 May 1923, p14, Issue 43354
  3. 1922 The Palestine Order in Council Archived 2014-09-16 at the Wayback Machine UNISPA
  4. 1 2 Legislative Council (Palestine) Answers.com
  5. 1 2 Palestine Constitution Hansard
  6. "Constitution Of Palestine. Legislative Council's Elected Members", The Times, 2 September 1922, p7, Issue 43126
  7. 1 2 Neil Caplan (1978) Palestine Jewry and the Arab question, 1917-1925 Routledge, p159