1979 Bangladesh-Indian skirmishes

Last updated
1979 Bangladesh-India skirmishes
Date1 November - 2 December 1979 (1 month, 1 day)
Location
Result See Aftermath section
Territorial
changes
Status quo ante bellum
Belligerents
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Flag of India.svg  India
Commanders and leaders
Flag of Bangladesh.svg Ziaur Rahman Unknown
Units involved
brddaar gaardd baaNlaadesher ptaakaa.svg Bangladesh Rifles BSF Flag.svg Border Security Force

The 1979 Bangladesh-India skirmishes were a series of armed skirmishes and border firing between Bangladesh and India from November to December 1979. The skirmishes took place between troops of the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) and the Border Security Force (BSF) on the poorly-marked international border between the two countries. [1] [2]

Contents

The clashes began on 1 November. [1] When for more than a month, India and Bangladesh had engaged in a gunbattle at the border town of BeIonia in northeastern India. [2] [3] [4] Bangladesh Rifles had fired nearly a hundred rounds into a river islet at Belonia, a small subdivisional town in South Tripura. While three companies of the Bangladesh Rifles have been deployed to man a single border outpost, about as many troops now guard the 50 km railway track between Belonia railway station which is in Feni - the principal town of the Bangladeshi district of Noakhali. [1]

Background

Years after the victory of the Battles of Belonia Bulge by the Mukti Bahini and allied Indian troops. [5] [6] The Belonia issue was almost settled in 1974 when Mrs Gandhi and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman agreed to the general principle of watershed. It was decided that in all cases of riverline boundaries the midstream would be regarded as the border. And that both sides would take steps to ensure that the rivers did not change their course, Unfortunately it was not settled. [1]

Cause

The joint boundaries commission was to meet in the first week of November to finalise the Belonia border within the framework of the Indira-Mujib agreement. Officials of the two countries held a flag meeting. However, on 15 August 1975 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his family was killed, and Zia became president in 1977, and in 1977, Indira Gandhi lost the election, years later, in October 1979, Bangladesh said, it should be regarded as no-man's-land and farmers on the Indian side should be refrained from harvesting in no-man's-land. The Indian side did not agree, Indian peasants began harvesting the paddy they had sown. [1] Bangladesh Rifles and the Border Security Force both exchanged fire in the beginning days of November, thus starting intense gunbattles between the two sides. [7]

Conflict

Bangladesh Rifles and Indian Border Security Forces exchanged fire near the Comilla-Tripura border throughout the entire month of November to December 1979. [2] [1] [3] The shooting appears to have become a habit with the soldiers on both sides. A joint survey team of India and Bangladesh visited the area and watched bullets flying across the disputed land for 90 minutes. [2] No fatalities or injuries were reported. [1]

Aftermath

After the three-day talks, the two delegations issued a brief joint statement in which, both sides have agreed to exercise maximum restraint and avoid provocation to ensure the return of normalcy in the Muhuri Char area of the Belonia sector on the Tripura-Comilla border. This merely means that the two sides will not resort to exchange of firings on the disputed 44-acre stretch of land. [3] [4]

Exchange of firing ended, but the talks had later partially failed. [3] Gunbattles in Belonia continued till 1985. [7]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Feni District</span> District of Bangladesh in Chittagong Division

Feni is a coastal district situated in the south-east of Bangladesh, within the Chittagong Division. One of Bangladesh's smallest districts, it is strategically located along the Dhaka–Chittagong transportation corridor. Bordered by India to the north and the Bay of Bengal to the south, it serves as the sole entry point linking Chittagong, the country's primary port city, to the northern districts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangladeshi taka</span> Currency of Bangladesh

The Bangladeshi taka is the currency of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. In Unicode, it is encoded at U+09F3BENGALI RUPEE SIGN.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">India–Bangladesh enclaves</span> Enclaves along the Bangladesh–India border

The India–Bangladesh enclaves, also known as the Chiṭmahals and sometimes called Pasha enclaves, were the enclaves along the Bangladesh–India border, in Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam and Meghalaya. The main body of Bangladesh contained 102 Indian enclaves, which in turn contained 21 Bangladeshi counter-enclaves, one of which contained Dahala Khagrabari, an Indian counter-counter-enclave, the world's only third-order enclave when it existed. The Indian mainland contained 71 Bangladeshi enclaves, which in turn contained 3 Indian counter-enclaves. A joint census in 2010 found 51,549 people who were residing in these enclaves: 37,334 in Indian enclaves within Bangladesh and 14,215 in Bangladeshi enclaves within India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Border Guard Bangladesh</span> Border security agency of Bangladesh

The Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) is a paramilitary force responsible for the border security of Bangladesh. The BGB is entrusted with the responsibility to defend the 4,427 kilometres (2,751 mi) border of Bangladesh with India and Myanmar. It was formerly known as the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR).

Belonia is a town and municipal council in South Tripura district, Tripura, India. It is also the headquarters of South Tripura District. It is linked with Agartala by National Highway 108A from Belonia to Jolaibari and via National Highway 8 from Jolaibari to Agartala. Belonia lies on the border with Bangladesh.

The Bangladesh Liberation War started on 26 March 1971 and ended on 16 December 1971. Some of the major events of the war are listed in the timeline below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mujibnagar</span> Town in Bangladesh; capital of the Provisional Government of Bangladesh

Mujibnagar, formerly known as Baidyanathtala (Boiddonathtola) and Bhoborpara, is a town in the Mujibnagar Upazila of Meherpur District in Khulna, Bangladesh. The Provisional Government of Bangladesh was formed on 10 April 1971, however, sworn in on 17 April 1971 in this place by the elected representatives of the Bengalees, that led the Bangladesh Liberation War, who were leading the guerrilla war for the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971. The place was renamed Mujibnagar by the proclamation of independence, in honour of then imprisoned Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who had declared Bangladesh independent. The actual capital of the government while in exile was Calcutta. A memorial complex covering 20.10 acres (8.13 ha) has been built at the site where the ministers of that first government took their oaths.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes</span> Series of armed skirmishes between Bangladesh and India

The 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes were a series of armed skirmishes between India and Bangladesh in April 2001. The clashes took place between troops of the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) and the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) on the poorly-marked international border between the two countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comilla</span> City in eastern Bangladesh

Comilla, officially spelled Cumilla, is a metropolis on the banks of the Gomti River in eastern Bangladesh. Comilla was one of the cities of ancient Bengal. It was once the capital of Tripura kingdom. Comilla Airport is located in the Dulipara area of Comilla city. Along with the Comilla Economic Zone EPZ, various industrial factories have come up at the airport, making the airport area a business and commercial city. Comilla City is a division centered city district with surrounding districts coming to Comilla in more diverse areas of work. Bibir Bazar land port is located 5 km away from Comilla city. The area of Comilla City Corporation is 53.04 square kilometers, so the surrounding areas of the main city fall under the jurisdiction of the City Corporation. The urban areas falling outside the city corporation are considered as suburbs with a population of 600,000.

Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra was the radio broadcasting centre of Bengali nationalist forces during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. This station played an important role in the liberation struggle, broadcasting the Declaration of Independence and increasing the morale of Bangladeshis during the genocide. In 1971, radio was the only media reaching the far ends of Bangladesh. The station ran a liberation campaign throughout the liberation war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transport between India and Bangladesh</span> Transport links between India and Bangladesh

Transport between India and Bangladesh bears much historical and political significance for both countries, which possessed no ground transport links for 43 years, starting with the partition of Bengal and India in 1947. The Kolkata–Dhaka Bus (1999) and the Dhaka–Agartala Bus (2001) are the primary road links between the two countries; a direct Kolkata-Agartala running through Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh is being developed by both countries. The Maitree Express was launched to revive a railway link between Kolkata and Dhaka that had been shut for 43 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangladesh–India border</span> International border between India and Bangladesh

The Bangladesh–India border, known locally as the Radcliffe line (IB), is an international border running between the republics of Bangladesh and India that demarcates the six divisions of Bangladesh and the Indian states.

Colonel (Retd.) Sahibzada Shahid Sarwar Azam FIEB is the current head of the Singranatore family.

Deaths along the Bangladesh–India border occur many times a year as result of people attempting to illegally cross into India from Bangladesh, for walking along the border, cross border firing and cattle smuggling. Bangladesh and India share a 4,096 kilometer border. To prevent smuggling and illegal migration from Bangladesh, the Indian Border Security Force exercises its controversial "Shoot-on-sight" policy. Under this policy, the BSF can shoot any person on site with or without cause. A large portion of the victims are cattle traders and farmers with land near the border. Brad Adams, stated that, "Routinely shooting poor, unarmed villagers is not how the world's largest democracy should behave."

A. L. M. Fazlur Rahman is a retired Bangladesh Army officer and former Director General of Bangladesh Rifles. Since retirement he has been working as a security analyst in Bangladesh.

The Republic of India shares borders with several sovereign countries; it shares land borders with China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Pakistan share both land borders as well as maritime borders, while Sri Lanka shares only a maritime border through Ram Setu. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1958 East Pakistan-India border clash</span> Armed skirmish between East Pakistan and India

The 1958 East Pakistan-India Border Clash was a armed skirmish between East Pakistan and India in August 1958. The clashes took place between troops of the East Pakistan Rifles (EPR) and the Indian Army in the small village of Lakshmipur, located in Sylhet District.

The 2005 Bangladesh-India Border Clashes was an armed skirmish between Bangladesh and India in April 2005. The clash took place between troops of the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) and the Border Security Force (BSF) in Akhaura.

The 2019 Bangladesh-Indian border clash was an armed skirmish between Bangladesh and India in October 2019, the skirmish took place between troops of the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) and the Border Security Force (BSF) on the border between the two countries.

The 2014 Bangladesh-Myanmar border skirmish was an armed skirmish between Bangladesh and Myanmar in May 2014.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Indian paramilitary forces, Bangladesh Rifles exchange fire over river islet". India Today. 2014-02-18. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "India and Bangladesh Trade Fire in Border Dispute". The New York Times . 1979-12-03. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "December 17, 1979, Forty Years Ago: Indo-Bangla Talks". The Indian Express. 2019-12-17. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  4. 1 2 "December 9, 1979, Forty Years Ago: Indo-Bangla talks". The Indian Express. 2019-12-16. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  5. "Battles of Belonia Bulge and "Durdharsha Dosh" (the daring ten) - - observerbd.com". The Daily Observer. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  6. Mustafa, FF Ghulam (2017-12-16). "BATTLES OF BELONIA BULGE". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  7. 1 2 "BBC News | South Asia | Border commanders declare truce". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-04-30.