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Anti-German is the generic name applied to a variety of theoretical and political tendencies within the left mainly in Germany and Austria. The Anti-Germans form one of the main camps within the broader Antifa movement, alongside the Anti-Zionist anti-imperialists, after the two currents split between the 1990s and the early 2000s as a result of their diverging views on Israel. The anti-Germans are a fringe movement within the German left: In 2006 Deutsche Welle estimated the number of anti-Germans to be between 500 and 3,000. The basic standpoint of the anti-Germans includes opposition to German nationalism, a critique of mainstream left anti-capitalist views, which are thought to be simplistic and structurally antisemitic, and a critique of antisemitism, which is considered to be deeply rooted in German cultural history. As a result of this analysis of antisemitism, support for Israel and opposition to Anti-Zionism is a primary unifying factor of the anti-German movement. The critical theory of Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer is often cited by anti-German theorists.
Environmental terrorism consists of one or more unlawful or even hostile actions that harm or destroy environmental resources or deprive others of their use. It is different to environmental vandalism, which is a rather permitted but ethically disputed destruction of environment.
The Solingen arson attack was one of the most severe instances of racist violence in modern Germany. On the night of 28–29 May 1993, four young German men belonging to the far right skinhead scene, with neo-Nazi ties, set fire to the house of a large Turkish family in Solingen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Three girls and two women died; fourteen other family members, including several children, were injured, some of them severely. The attack led to violent protests by Turkish diaspora members in several German cities and to large demonstrations of other Germans expressing solidarity with the Turkish victims. In October 1995, the perpetrators were convicted of arson and murder and given prison sentences between 10 and 15 years. The convictions were upheld on appeal.
On May 4, 2009, Mehmet Çelebi, a village guard, killed at least forty-four people at an engagement ceremony in the village of Bilge in the Mardin Province of Turkey. The attack was perpetrated using grenades and automatic weapons by at least two masked assailants, who authorities believe are involved in a feud between two families. According to some sources, it was an internal feud of the Kurdish Çelebi clan.
Racism in German history is inextricably linked to the Herero and Namaqua genocide in colonial times. Racism reached its peak during the Nazi regime which eventually led to a program of systematic state-sponsored murder known as The Holocaust. According to reports by the European Commission, milder forms of racism are still present in parts of German society. Currently the racism has been mainly directed towards Asian and African countries by both the state and through the citizens which includes being impolite and trying to interfere in internal matters of African countries by the diplomats.
The Štrpci massacre was the massacre of 19 civilians on 27 February 1993, taken from a Belgrade-Bar train at Štrpci railway station near Višegrad, on Bosnian territory.
The National Socialist Underground murders were a series of racist murders by the German Neo-Nazi terrorist group National Socialist Underground. The NSU perpetrated the attacks between 2000 and 2007 throughout Germany, leaving ten people dead and one wounded. The primary targets were ethnic Turks, though the victims also included one ethnic Greek and one ethnic German policewoman.
Germany has experienced significant terrorism in its history, particularly during the Weimar Republic and during the Cold War, carried out by far-left and far-right German groups as well as by foreign terrorist organisations.
The February 2016 Ankara bombing killed at least 30 people and injured 60 in the capital of Turkey. According to Turkish authorities, the attack targeted a convoy of vehicles carrying both civilian and military personnel working at the military headquarters during the evening rush hour as the vehicles were stopped at traffic lights at an intersection with İsmet İnönü Boulevard close to Kızılay neighborhood. Several ministries, the headquarters of the army and the Turkish Parliament are located in the neighbourhood where the attack occurred. The Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK) took responsibility for the attack and said they targeted security forces. Censorship monitoring organization Turkey Blocks reported nationwide internet restrictions beginning approximately one hour after the blast pursuant to an administrative order. The attack killed 14 military personnel, 14 civilian employees of the military, and a civilian.
On 18 July 2016, Riaz Khan Ahmadzai, a 17-year-old refugee from Afghanistan, stabbed and injured five people on and outside a train near Würzburg, Germany. He was shot dead by police soon afterwards, after attacking a police tactical unit with an axe. Investigations revealed he was in contact with members of the Islamic State.
Crimes may be committed both against and by immigrants in Germany. Crimes involving foreigners have been a longstanding theme in public debates in Germany. In November 2015, a report that was released by the Federal Criminal Police (BKA) stated that "While the number of refugees is rising very dynamically, the development of crime does not increase to the same extent." Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière (CDU) noted that "refugees are on average as little or often delinquent as comparison groups of the local population." A 2018 statistical study by researchers at the University of Magdeburg using 2009-2015 data argued that, where analysis is restricted to crimes involving at least one German victim and one refugee suspect and crimes by immigrants against other immigrants are excluded, there is no relationship between the scale of refugee inflow and the crime rate. In 2018 the interior ministry under Horst Seehofer (CSU) published, for the first time, an analysis of the Federal Police Statistic, which includes all those who came via the asylum system to Germany. The report found that the immigrant group, which makes up about 2% of the overall population, contains 8.5% of all suspects, after violations against Germany's alien law are excluded.
Antisemitism is a growing problem in 21st-century Germany.
The Kyoto Animation arson attack occurred at Kyoto Animation's Studio 1 building in the Fushimi ward of Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, on the morning of 18 July 2019. The arson killed 36 people, injured an additional 34, and destroyed most of the materials and computers in Studio 1. It is one of the deadliest massacres in Japan since the end of World War II, the deadliest building fire in Japan since the 2001 Myojo 56 building fire, and the first massacre ever to have occurred at a studio associated with an entertainment company, and the animation industry.
Enver Şimşek was a Turkish-born businessman in Germany who was the first victim of the series of murders by the National Socialist Underground (NSU) terrorist group. The owner of a flower shop in Schlüchtern in Hesse, he was gunned down on 9 September 2000 at a mobile flower stand in Nuremberg. Two days later he died in a hospital as a result of injuries sustained in the attack.
The Mölln arson attack was the first fatal case of far-right extremists setting fire to migrants' homes in post-reunification Germany, and one of the earliest cases of right-wing terrorism in the country's post-unification history. On the night of 22 November 1992, 2 German men with neo-Nazi ties set fire to the 2 houses of Turkish families in Mölln, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. 3 Turks died in the attack while 9 others were injured.
The 2023 Adana attack was a knife attack at the Adana provincial headquarters of the Free Cause Party (HüdaPar), located in Seyhan, Turkey. Salih Demir, the president of HüdaPar's Adana wing, was injured, and his secretary Sacit Pişgin lost his life.
Afrikaanderwijk riots were the first race riots of their kind in the Netherlands. The riots broke out on 10 August 1972 and continued until 16 August in the Afrikaanderwijk, Rotterdam. While their precise cause is unknown, the clashes are considered to be an example of xenophobic violence by some and economic tensions by others. The clashes are known for creating new laws towards the city's growing immigrant population and destroying the stereotype of Dutch tolerance. In 2019, it gained renewed popularity due to the events in Ankara: Islamist and activist organizations used the riots of 1972 as an example to create empathy for the Syrian refugees in Turkey.
On the morning of December 22, 2024, a woman, later identified as Debrina Kawam, was immolated by a man while she was sleeping on the New York City Subway while an F train was stopped at the Coney Island-Stillwell Avenue station in Brooklyn. The suspect who set the victim on fire, an illegal immigrant from Guatemala identified as Sebastian Zapeta-Calil, was arrested in connection to the killing.
On the night of 21–22 August 1980, an arson attack was committed on a refugee accommodation in the Billbrook quarter of Hamburg, Germany, by members of the neo-Nazi terrorist organisation Deutsche Aktionsgruppen (DA). Two people were fatally wounded and died the following week, while three others were injured. The attack is considered the first hate crime murders in BRD history.
References
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- ↑ "Racist violence in West Germany before 1990 – Centre for Analysis of the Radical Right" . Retrieved 2024-02-18.
- ↑ Foundation, Roma (2023-08-21). "Duisburg: Forgotten". rroma.org. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
- ↑ "35 yıldır acımız dinmiyor". Sabah (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-02-18.
- 1 2 "Fighting for memory as a tour de force – Şahin Çalışır – Doing Memory" . Retrieved 2024-02-18.
- 1 2 3 Nogueira, Nogueira, Katarzyna. "Guest Workers" in Mining: Historicising the Industrial Past in the Ruhr region from the Bottom Up?" (PDF). Zeitschrift für Biographieforschung, Oral History und Lebensverlaufsanalysen. 31 (2).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - 1 2 Kalscheur, Annette (2023-08-23). "Tödlicher Brandanschlag in Duisburg „war nicht rechtsextrem"". Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (in German).
- ↑ Verseck, Laura (2023-08-25). "Aufarbeitung rechter Gewalt in Duisburg: Erinnerung nach 39 Jahren". Die Tageszeitung: taz (in German). ISSN 0931-9085 . Retrieved 2025-01-23.
- ↑ Kluhs, Johanna-Yasirra; Rodonò, Aurora; Saavedra-Lara, Fabian; Tanç, Nesrin (2021). What we can relate to. StrzeleckiBooks. ISBN 978-3-946770-89-3.
- ↑ Latsch, Marc (2022-06-30). "Sieben Tote in Duisburg: Brandanschlag in Wanheimerort wird wohl erneut auf rechtsextremen Hintergrund geprüft". RP ONLINE (in German). Retrieved 2025-01-23.
- ↑ "International Short Film Festival Oberhausen Made in Germany 3 - WDDS Cyprus". www.wddscyprus.com. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
- ↑ "Initiative Duisburg 1984". www.inidu84.de. Retrieved 2024-02-18.