![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
|
![]() |
---|
Parliamentary elections were held in Rwanda from 15 to 18 September 2008. The elections were boycotted by the opposition, [1] and resulted in a victory for the ruling Rwandan Patriotic Front (FPR), which won 42 of the 53 elected seats. The elections also produced the world's first national parliament with a female majority. [2]
The 80 members of the Chamber of Deputies consisted of 53 directly-elected members elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency, 24 women elected by electoral colleges, and three members elected by mini-committees, two of which represented youth and one represented disabled people.
Campaigning for the elections began on 25 August 2008. The day was marked by a march of about 2,000 FPR supporters through Kigali. [3]
The FPR assembled a coalition which included six smaller parties: the Ideal Democratic Party (PDI), the Centrist Democratic Party (PDC), the Party for Progress and Concord (PPC), the Prosperity and Solidarity Party (PSP), the Democratic Union of the Rwandan People (UPDR) and the Rwandan Socialist Party (PSR). [4] Aside from the FPR coalition, only two other parties participated in the elections; the Social Democratic Party and the Liberal Party. Since both also supported President Paul Kagame, there was no opposition participation, as they remained in exile. [1] In addition to the political parties, a single independent candidate, J.M.V. Harelimana, stood in the elections. [1] [5]
The United Democratic Forces opposition coalition, based in Belgium, said that the FPR had total control of the state machinery and electoral process, making the election a mere "smoke screen". [1]
The EU sent an observation mission, [6] [5] as did the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, COMESA, and the East African Legislative Assembly. [5]
The direct phase of voting for 53 seats occurred on 15 September. Voting was from 6 am to 3 pm. Kagame voted in the Nyarugenge district of Kigali, and he said on this occasion that the people and the parties needed "to work together for national development". [1] The indirect phase of voting for 27 seats began on 16 September and ended on 18 September. [7] [1]
Chrysologue Karangwa, the head of the electoral commission, announced on 16 September that the FPR had won 42 seats, the Social Democratic Party won seven, and the Liberal Party won four. [7]
Party or alliance | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RPF Coalition | Rwandan Patriotic Front | 3,655,956 | 78.77 | 36 | +3 | ||
Centrist Democratic Party | 1 | –2 | |||||
Democratic Union of the Rwandan People | 1 | 0 | |||||
Ideal Democratic Party | 1 | –1 | |||||
Party for Progress and Concord | 1 | +1 | |||||
Prosperity and Solidarity Party | 1 | New | |||||
Rwandan Socialist Party | 1 | 0 | |||||
Social Democratic Party | 609,327 | 13.13 | 7 | 0 | |||
Liberal Party | 348,186 | 7.50 | 4 | –2 | |||
Independents | 27,848 | 0.60 | 0 | 0 | |||
Reserved seats | 27 | 0 | |||||
Total | 4,641,317 | 100.00 | 80 | 0 | |||
Valid votes | 4,641,317 | 98.80 | |||||
Invalid/blank votes | 56,372 | 1.20 | |||||
Total votes | 4,697,689 | 100.00 | |||||
Registered voters/turnout | 4,752,540 | 98.85 | |||||
Source: NEC, African Elections Database |
The newly elected deputies were sworn in on 6 October, and Rose Mukantabana was elected as President of the Chamber of Deputies, receiving 70 votes and defeating Abbas Mukama. Dennis Polisi was re-elected as First Vice-President of the Chamber of Deputies, and Jean Damascene Ntawukuriryayo was elected as its Second Vice-President. [8]
The politics of Mexico function within a framework of a federal presidential representative democrat republic whose government is based on a multi-party congressional system, where the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government. The federal government represents the United Mexican States and is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial, as established by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, published in 1917. The constituent states of the federation must also have a republican form of government based on a congressional system as established by their respective constitutions.
A national unity government, government of national unity (GNU), or national union government is a broad coalition government consisting of all parties in the legislature, usually formed during a time of war or other national emergency. A unity government lacks opposition, or opposition parties are too small and negligible.
Paul Kagame is a Rwandan politician and former military officer who is the fourth and current president of Rwanda since 2000. He previously served as a commander of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a rebel armed force which invaded Rwanda in 1990. The RPF was one of the parties of the conflict during the Rwandan Civil War and the armed force which ended the Rwandan genocide. He was considered Rwanda's de facto leader when he served as Vice President and Minister of Defence under President Pasteur Bizimungu from 1994 to 2000 after which the vice-presidential post was abolished.
The Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania, or simply the Seimas, is the unicameral parliament of Lithuania. The Seimas constitutes the legislative branch of government in Lithuania, enacting laws and amendments to the Constitution, passing the budget, confirming the Prime Minister and the Government and controlling their activities.
The Rwandan Patriotic Front is the ruling political party in Rwanda. Led by President Paul Kagame, the party has governed the country since its armed wing defeated government forces, winning the Rwandan Civil War in 1994.
Under the current constitution, Ethiopia conducts local, regional, and federal elections. At the federal level, Ethiopia elects a legislature. The Federal Parliamentary Assembly has two chambers: the House of People's Representatives with not more than 550 members as per the constitution but actually nearly 547 members, elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies; and the Council of the Federation with 117 members, one each from the 22 minority nationalities, and one from each professional sector of its remaining nationalities, designated by the regional councils, which may elect them themselves or through popular elections.
Guinea elects on the national level a head of state—the president—and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people through a two-round system. The National Assembly has 114 members, elected for five-year terms, 38 members in single-seat constituencies and 76 members by proportional representation.
Elections in Rwanda take place within the framework of a multi-party democracy and a presidential system. The President and majority of members of the Chamber of Deputies are directly elected, whilst the Senate is indirectly elected and partly appointed.
The Social Democratic Party is a centre-left social democratic political party in Rwanda. The party is seen as supportive of the Paul Kagame government.
Legislative elections were held in Angola on 5 and 6 September 2008, as announced by President José Eduardo dos Santos on 27 December 2007. They were the first since the 1992 general elections, which had led to the outbreak of the second phase of the Angolan Civil War, which continued until 2002.
Parliamentary elections were held in Senegal on 3 June 2007. They had originally been planned to be held together with the presidential election on 25 February 2007, but were postponed. Fourteen parties or coalitions participated in the elections, but they were marked by a major opposition boycott. The ruling Sopi Coalition won 131 seats, including all 90 of the seats elected by majority voting.
Parliamentary elections were held in Djibouti on 8 February 2008. There were 65 candidates running for the 65 seats in the National Assembly, with all of the candidates coming from the ruling coalition, the Union for the Presidential Majority (UMP). The opposition boycotted the election, and the UMP won all 65 seats.
Presidential elections were held in Rwanda on 9 August 2010, the second since the Rwandan Civil War. Incumbent President Paul Kagame of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) was re-elected for a second seven-year term with 93% of the vote.
Parliamentary elections were held in Cameroon on 30 September 2013, alongside local elections. They were originally scheduled for July 2012, February 2013 and July 2013, but were repeatedly postponed.
Parliamentary elections were held in Rwanda between 16 and 18 September 2013. The result was a victory for the Rwandan Patriotic Front, which maintained its absolute majority in the Chamber of Deputies, winning 41 of the 80 seats.
Parliamentary elections were held in Burundi on 29 June 2015. The vote had been initially set for 5 June 2015, alongside local elections, but it was delayed due to unrest. Indirect elections to the Senate occurred on 24 July.
General elections were held in Ethiopia on 24 May 2015 to elect officials to the House of Peoples' Representatives. Regional Assembly elections were also held on this date.
Donatille Mukabalisa is a Rwandan lawyer and politician, notably the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies. She was elected Speaker of the Rwandan parliament in 2013 after the country's national elections.
Parliamentary elections were held in Rwanda on 3 September 2018, with Rwandan overseas voting the day before. The result was a victory for the Rwandan Patriotic Front coalition, which won 40 of the 53 elected seats while losing its absolute majority over the total of seats, whilst the Democratic Green Party and Social Party Imberakuri both entered parliament for the first time. With 49 of the 80 seats in the newly elected parliament held by women (61%), the elections maintained Rwanda's position as the country with the highest proportion of female MPs.
Parliamentary elections were held in The Gambia on 9 April 2022 to elect members of the 58-seat National Assembly.