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Events from the year 2009 in Sudan .
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| See also: | Other events of 2009 History of Sudan | ||||
Events from the year 2009 in Sudan .
Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is an independent state at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. The landlocked country is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon to the southwest, Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Chad has a population of 16 million, of which 1.6 million live in the capital and largest city of N'Djamena. With a total area of around 1,284,000 km2, Chad is the fifth-largest country in Africa and the twentieth largest nation by area in the world.
Idriss Déby Itno was a Chadian politician and military officer who was the president of Chad from 1990 until his death in 2021 during the Northern Chad offensive. His term of office of more than 30 years makes him Chad's longest-serving president.
The Patriotic Salvation Movement is the ruling political party in Chad.
The Chadian Civil War of 2005–2010 began on December 18, 2005. Since its independence from France in 1960, Chad has been swamped by civil wars between the Arab-Muslims of the north and the Sub-Saharan-Christians of the south. As a result, leadership and presidency in Chad drifted back and forth between the Christian southerners and Muslim northerners. When one side was in power, the other side usually started a revolutionary war to counter it.
The Rally for Democracy and Liberty, abbreviated as R.D.L. and sometimes translated as Rally for Democracy and Freedom, is a Chadian rebel group that was formed in August 2005 by former members of the Military of Chad who deserted and united under their founder, Mohammed Nour. Their main objective was to oust former Chadian president Idriss Déby and his government. The RDL then planned to hold elections after a two-year interim period. RDL has bases in eastern Chad and in the Darfur region of Sudan. On December 18, 2005, the RDL attacked Chadian troops stationed in the city of Adre, causing the current crisis in the Chadian-Sudanese relations.
Platform for Change, Unity and Democracy, abbreviated as S.C.U.D., is a Chadian rebel group that was formed in October 2005 by former members of the Military of Chad who deserted and united under founders and current leaders, 30-year-old Yaya Dillo Djérou and his brother. The group's main objective is to oust the government of the current Chadian president, and uncle of Djérou and his brother, Idriss Déby. SCUD has bases in eastern Chad and in the Darfur region of Sudan. On December 18, 2005, SCUD, along with members of the Rally for Democracy and Liberty (RDL) rebel group, attacked Chadian troops stationed in the city of Adré, sparking the Chadian-Sudanese conflict.
The United Front for Democratic Change was a Chadian rebel alliance, made up of eight individual rebel groups, all with the goals of overthrowing the government of Chadian president Idriss Déby. It is now part of the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development. UFDC was founded between 26–28 December 2005 in Modeina in eastern Chad. FUC's "president" is Mahamat Nour Abdelkerim, the former leader of the Rally for Democracy and Liberty rebel group, "first vice president" Hassan Salleh Algadam, "second vice president" Abakar Tollimi, and "secretary-general" Abdelwahit About. On 18 December the RDL and another allied rebel group, Platform for Change, Unity and Democracy, attacked the city of Adré. The attack was repulsed by the Chadian military, and the Chadian government accused the Sudanese government of supporting the rebels, which Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir denies. Chad declared a "state of belligerance" with Sudan on 23 December 2005, resulting in the Chad-Sudan Conflict. The result was the Tripoli Agreement.
The Tripoli Agreement was signed on February 8, 2006, by Chadian President Idriss Déby, Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir, and Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, effectively ending the Chadian–Sudanese conflict that has devastated border towns in eastern Chad and the Darfur region of western Sudan since December 2005.
Ahmed Hassan Musa was a Chadian insurgent who participated to the first phase of the Chadian Civil War. An Islamic fundamentalist close to the Muslim Brotherhood, he was head of the General Union of the Children of Chad, an Islamic political party formed by Chadian exiles in Sudan. Because of the authoritarian and anti-Muslim policies of the President François Tombalbaye, he lived in exile in Sudan when the explosion of bloody riots in the Guéra Prefecture in 1965 opened him new chances. For this reason, he formed in his country of exile on September 7, 1965, the Liberation Front of Chad, the first insurgent group formed against Tombalbaye. A small group, at the Congress of Nyala Musa and his FLT united in 1966 with the Chadian National Union (UNT) of Ibrahim Abatcha to form the powerful National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT). Musa soon resumed his autonomy and with his wing of the FLT operated on the Chad-Sudan border. When Tombalbaye fell in the 1975 coup, Musa readily came to terms with the new government. Four years later, in 1979, he was killed at Ati by Hissène Habré.
The alleged raidonAmdjereme took place in Amdjereme, Chad on March 6, 2006, only two weeks after Chad and Sudan signed the Tripoli Accord in which the governments of the two nations pledged to end support for rebels operating in their respective countries. According to Chadian forces, the attack began when Janjaweed, Sudanese militiamen, aided by the Government of Sudan, crossed the border from Sudan into Chad and raided the town of Amdjereme. According to Chadian Minister of Communications Hourmadji Moussa Doumgor the Janjaweed stole "700 camels, 1,000 cows and 1,500 sheep and other goods belonging to these peaceful citizens. This new janjawid attack constitutes a flagrant violation of the Tripoli Accord and the Sudanese government should be held responsible. This latest incursion by Sudanese government militia undermines efforts backed by the African Union and Libya to seek a lasting solution to the conflict between the two countries."
The Battle of N'Djamena took place between the forces of the revolutionary United Front for Democratic Change (UFCD) and the military of Chad that occurred on 13 April 2006 when rebel forces launched an assault on the capital of Chad in the pre-dawn hours, attempting to overthrow the government of President Idriss Déby Itno from their bases an estimated thousand miles east.
The Chadian village of Dalola was raided on May 1, 2006, by 150 Janjaweed. The raid came two days before a highly controversial, scheduled presidential election in which current Chadian President, Idriss Déby was expected to win another five-year term in office. UNHCR spokesman Matthew Conway said, while in the city of Abéché, that according to survivors of the attack 1,000 cattle were stolen when "three small settlements near the larger village of Dalola were surrounded by Janjaweed. Some were seen in military uniform others in military attire. The Janjaweed opened fire on them and the gunfire lasted one hour. Afterwards they were seen heading southeast towards Koukou and the border. Initial reports show four dead and six wounded by bullets. They have been brought to the health centre at Goz Amer refugee camp. We are being told that they were Janjaweed. The 'Janjaweed' seem to be taking advantage of huge security vacuums on the Chad-Sudan border."
The Libyan–Sudanese relations refers to the long historical relations between Libya and Sudan, both are Arab countries.
The 2004 Chadian coup d'état attempt was an attempted coup d'état against the Chadian President Idriss Déby that was foiled on the night of May 16, 2004.
Tuba, also Bidayat (Bideyat), is a dialect of the Zaghawa language found in Chad and western Sudan. In contrast to their Zaghawa kin, Bidayat speakers are more nomadic. This difference led early ethnographers to refer to them as different groups until linguistic similarities proved their close relationship.
Chadian Arabic, also known as Shuwa Arabic, Western Sudanic Arabic, or West Sudanic Arabic (WSA), is a variety of Arabic and the first language of 1.6 million people, both town dwellers and nomadic cattle herders. Most of its speakers live in central and southern Chad. Its range is an east-to-west oval in the Sahel. Nearly all of this territory is within Chad and Sudan. It is also spoken elsewhere in the vicinity of Lake Chad in the countries of Cameroon, Nigeria and Niger. Finally, it is spoken in slivers of the Central African Republic. In addition, this language serves as a lingua franca in much of the region. In most of its range, it is one of several local languages and often not among the major ones.
The populations of eastern Chad and western Sudan established social and religious ties long before either nation's independence, and these remained strong despite disputes between governments. In recent times, relations have been strained due to the conflict in Darfur and a civil war in Chad, which both governments accuse the other of supporting.
Events in the year 2009 in Chad.
Maba is a Nilo-Saharan language of the Maban branch spoken in Chad and Sudan. It is divided into several dialects, and serves as a local trade language. Maba is closely related to the Masalit language. Most speakers of Maba reside in Chad with 542,000 speakers as of 2019. In 2017 there were 25,000 speakers in Sudan where the language is known as Sulaihab.
Events in the year 2010 in Chad.
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