2011 in Sudan

Last updated
Flag of Sudan.svg
2011
in
Sudan
Decades:
See also: Other events of 2011
History of Sudan

The following lists events that happened during 2011 in Sudan .

Contents

Incumbents

Events

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">States of Sudan</span> First-level administrative division of the Sudan

Below is a list of the 18 states of the Sudan. Prior to 9 July 2011, the Republic of the Sudan was composed of 25 states. The ten southern states now form part of the independent country of South Sudan. Two additional states were created in 2012 within the Darfur region, and one in 2013 in Kordofan, bringing the total to 18.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Republic of Sudan (1985–2019)</span> Government of Sudan from 1985 to 2019

This article covers the period of the history of Sudan between 1985 and 2019 when the Sudanese Defense Minister Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab seized power from Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry in the 1985 Sudanese coup d'état. Not long after, Lieutenant General Omar al-Bashir, backed by an Islamist political party, the National Islamic Front, overthrew the short lived government in a coup in 1989 where he ruled as President until his fall in April 2019. During Bashir's rule, also referred to as Bashirist Sudan, he was re-elected three times while overseeing the independence of South Sudan in 2011. His regime was criticized for human rights abuses, atrocities and genocide in Darfur and allegations of harboring and supporting terrorist groups in the region while being subjected to United Nations sanctions beginning in 1995, resulting in Sudan's isolation as an international pariah.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">War in Darfur</span> Genocidal conflict in Southwestern Sudan

The War in Darfur, also nicknamed the Land Cruiser War, was a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups began fighting against the government of Sudan, which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-Arab population. The government responded to attacks by carrying out a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Darfur's non-Arabs. This resulted in the death of hundreds of thousands of civilians and the indictment of Sudan's president, Omar al-Bashir, for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court.

Ahmed Mohammed Haroun is one of five Sudanese men wanted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Darfur. Despite international pressure on the government of Sudan to surrender him to the ICC, Haroun served as Sudan's Minister of State for Humanitarian Affairs until May 2009, when he was appointed to the governorship of South Kordofan. In September 2007, he was appointed to lead an investigation into human rights violations in Darfur. In July 2013 he resigned as Governor of South Kordofan, and was reappointed by Omar al-Bashir as Governor of North Kordofan. On 1 March 2019, President Omar al-Bashir handed over the running of the country's leading political party, the National Congress, to him. He was arrested in April 2019 by local authorities in Sudan following a coup which overthrew al-Bashir.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011 South Sudanese independence referendum</span>

A referendum took place in Southern Sudan from 9 to 15 January 2011, on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or become independent. The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 Naivasha Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abyei</span> Condominium of South Sudan and Sudan

The Abyei Area is an area of 10,546 km2 or 4,072 sq mi on the border between South Sudan and Sudan that has been accorded "special administrative status" by the 2004 Protocol on the Resolution of the Abyei Conflict in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that ended the Second Sudanese Civil War. The capital of the Abyei Area is Abyei Town. Under the terms of the Abyei Protocol, the Abyei Area is considered, on an interim basis, to be simultaneously part of both the Republic of South Sudan and Republic of Sudan, effectively a condominium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comprehensive Peace Agreement</span> 2005 agreement which ended the Second Sudanese Civil War

The Comprehensive Peace Agreement, also known as the Naivasha Agreement, was an accord signed on 9 January 2005, by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the Government of Sudan. The CPA was meant to end the Second Sudanese Civil War, develop democratic governance countrywide, and share oil revenues. It also set a timetable for a Southern Sudanese independence referendum.

Sudan has a conflict in the Darfur area of western Sudan. The Khartoum government had, in the past, given sanctuary to trans-national Islamic terrorists, but, according to the 9/11 Commission Report, ousted al-Qaeda and cooperated with the US against such groups while simultaneously involving itself in human rights abuses in Darfur. There are also transborder issues between Chad and Darfur, and, to a lesser extent, with the Central African Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</span> Non-state conflicts between rival nomadic tribes

Sudanese nomadic conflicts are non-state conflicts between rival nomadic tribes taking place in the territory of Sudan and, since 2011, South Sudan. Conflict between nomadic tribes in Sudan is common, with fights breaking out over scarce resources, including grazing land, cattle and drinking water. Some of the tribes involved in these clashes have been the Messiria, Maalia, Rizeigat and Bani Hussein Arabic tribes inhabiting Darfur and West Kordofan, and the Dinka, Nuer and Murle African ethnic groups inhabiting South Sudan. Conflicts have been fueled by other major wars taking place in the same regions, in particular the Second Sudanese Civil War, the War in Darfur and the Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011–2013 Sudanese protests</span> Part of the Arab Spring

The 2011–2013 protests in Sudan began in January 2011 as part of the Arab Spring regional protest movement. Unlike in other Arab countries, popular uprisings in Sudan had succeeded in toppling the government prior to the Arab Spring in 1964 and 1985. Demonstrations in Sudan however were less common throughout the summer of 2011, during which South Sudan seceded from Sudan, but resumed in force later that year and again in June 2012, shortly after the government passed its much criticized austerity plan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011)</span> Pre-independence region of ten states

Southern Sudan was an autonomous region consisting of the ten southern states of Sudan between its formation in July 2005 and independence as the Republic of South Sudan in July 2011. The autonomous government was initially established in Rumbek and later moved to Juba. It was bordered by Ethiopia to the east; Kenya, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south; and the Central African Republic to the west. To the north lies the predominantly Arab and Muslim region directly under the control of the central government. The region's autonomous status was a condition of a peace agreement between the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) and the Government of Sudan represented by the National Congress Party ending the Second Sudanese Civil War. The conflict was Africa's longest running civil war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile</span> 2011–2020 insurgency in southern Sudan

The Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile was an armed conflict in the Sudanese states of South Kordofan and Blue Nile between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North (SPLM-N), a northern affiliate of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) in South Sudan. After some years of relative calm following the 2005 agreement which ended the second Sudanese civil war between the Sudanese government and SPLM rebels, fighting broke out again in the lead-up to South Sudan independence on 9 July 2011, starting in South Kordofan on 5 June and spreading to the neighboring Blue Nile state in September. SPLM-N, splitting from newly independent SPLM, took up arms against the inclusion of the two southern states in Sudan with no popular consultation and against the lack of democratic elections. The conflict is intertwined with the War in Darfur, since in November 2011 SPLM-N established a loose alliance with Darfuri rebels, called Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1990</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2011

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1990, adopted unanimously on June 27, 2011, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Sudan and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, the Council established the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) in the disputed Abyei region between Sudan and South Sudan.

The history of South Sudan comprises the history of the territory of present-day South Sudan and the peoples inhabiting the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Sudan–Sudan relations</span> Bilateral relations

Bilateral relations between South Sudan and the Sudan were officially started on 9 July 2011 following South Sudan's independence. Sudan became the first country in the world to recognize the independence of South Sudan. However, relations between South Sudan and Sudan have still been poor, with both sides supporting rebel groups in the other's territory.

Ethnic violence in South Sudan has a long history among South Sudan's varied ethnic groups. South Sudan has 64 tribes with the largest being the Dinka, who constitute about 35% of the population and predominate in government. The second largest are the Nuers. Conflict is often aggravated among nomadic groups over the issue of cattle and grazing land and is part of the wider Sudanese nomadic conflicts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heglig Crisis</span> War fought between Sudan and South Sudan

The Heglig Crisis was a brief war fought between the countries of Sudan and South Sudan in 2012 over oil-rich regions between South Sudan's Unity and Sudan's South Kordofan states. South Sudan invaded and briefly occupied the small border town of Heglig before being pushed back by the Sudanese army. Small-scale clashes continued until an agreement on borders and natural resources was signed on 26 September, resolving most aspects of the conflict.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019–2022 Sudanese protests</span> Protests against the military of Sudan

The 2019–2022 Sudanese protests were street protests in Sudan which began in mid-September 2019, during Sudan's transition to democracy, about issues which included the nomination of a new Chief Justice and Attorney General, the killing of civilians by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the toxic effects of cyanide and mercury from gold mining in Northern state and South Kordofan, opposition to a state governor in el-Gadarif and to show trials of Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA) coordinators, and advocating the dismissal of previous-government officials in Red Sea, White Nile, and South Darfur. The protests follow the Sudanese Revolution's street protests and civil disobedience of the early September 2019 transfer of executive power to the country's Sovereignty Council, civilian prime minister Abdalla Hamdok, and his cabinet of ministers. Hamdok described the 39-month transition period as defined by the aims of the revolution.

The following is a timeline of the War in Sudan (2023-present).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of El Obeid</span> Siege in the 2023 Sudan conflict

The siege of El Obeid was a siege in El-Obeid, North Kordofan, Sudan, during the 2023 Sudan conflict. The battle began on April 15, and saw the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) capture the El Obeid airport from the Sudanese Army contingent in the city. Throughout April and May, the Sudanese Army repelled several RSF assaults on the city, although by May 30, the RSF fully surrounded the city and laid siege to it.

References

  1. "Sudan leader Bashir reassures south ahead of referendum" . Retrieved 2017-12-12.
  2. "Sudan: Unamid Peacekeeper Released After 90 Days of Captivity".
  3. "Thousands flock to south Sudan".
  4. "Deadly clashes ahead of Sudan vote".
  5. "Southern Sudan votes on independence".
  6. "Firefight in Sudan's Darfur Kills Three People, UN Reports".
  7. "South Sudan vote 'passes threshold'".
  8. "South Sudan leader Kiir urges forgiveness for civil war".
  9. "Gunfire Kills Three Sudanese Officers in Darfur, UN Reports".
  10. "Sudan army, Darfur rebel clash kills 21: military".
  11. "Almost 99 percent choose south Sudan split".
  12. "Darfur rebels and Sudan army in second clash in week".
  13. "Sudan police clash with protesters".
  14. "Sudanese student dies after protests: activists". Archived from the original on 2012-08-14.
  15. "South Sudan referendum: 99% vote for independence".
  16. "Sudanese accept south's vote to secede".
  17. "Police beat, arrest Sudanese at short-lived protests".
  18. "Fighting erupts in southern Sudan".
  19. "Fighting in south Sudan kills 30".
  20. "South Sudan minister shot dead".
  21. "Clashes break south Sudan truce".
  22. "South Sudan clashes with Athor in Jonglei: '100 dead'".
  23. "Sudan clamps down on election protest".
  24. "Darfur to be cut into smaller states; rebel protest". Archived from the original on 2012-05-14.
  25. "Sudan army, Darfur rebel clash kills 17: military". Archived from the original on 2011-03-10.
  26. "South Sudan accuses President Bashir of plot".
  27. "South Sudan: SPLA and Athor clashes 'kill scores'".
  28. "South Sudan clashes between army and militia kill 57".
  29. "Sudan: Bashir threatens south over Abyei".
  30. "Sudan divides Darfur in five smaller states".
  31. "More than 80 killed in south Sudan violence: army". Archived from the original on 2011-05-20.
  32. "Four UN peacekeepers wounded in shooting in Sudan's Abyei area".
  33. "Sudan jets bomb Darfur village, says UN".
  34. "South Sudan reports new northern attack in Abyei". Archived from the original on 2011-08-11.
  35. "North Sudan army takes control of border town Abyei".
  36. "U.N. urges Sudan army to pull out of Abyei positions".
  37. "At least 20,000 flee violence in Sudan's Abyei-UN".
  38. "Sudan's Abyei dispute: Minister Luka Biong Deng resigns".
  39. "S.Sudan says there will be no war over Abyei".
  40. "North and South Sudan Tentatively Agree to Demilitarize Disputed Border".
  41. "Nearly 100 civilians killed in Abyei, official says". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18.
  42. "Darfur rebels say clash with government troops". Archived from the original on 2011-08-11.
  43. "N.Sudan dismisses UN call for troops to quit Abyei". Archived from the original on 2011-08-11.
  44. "Clashes reported in Sudan flashpoint state". Archived from the original on 2011-06-10.
  45. "Shooting reported in Sudan flashpoint state's capital". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18.
  46. "Fighting kills six in Sudan's South Kordofan: UN". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18.
  47. "Sudan: SPLA accuses Khartoum of bombing Unity State".
  48. "Monitor says north army masses in Sudan oil state". Archived from the original on 2012-09-21.
  49. "North and South Sudan sign pact over Abyei".
  50. "Sudan to block oil pipeline if south will not pay".
  51. "South Sudan returnee train attacked in South Kordofan".
  52. "Sudan's Bashir in China for talks".
  53. "UN call for S Kordofan war crimes probe".