Al-Haj Adam Youssef | |
---|---|
Second Vice President of Sudan | |
In office September 13, 2011 –December 7, 2013 | |
President | Omar al-Bashir |
Preceded by | Ali Osman Taha |
Succeeded by | Hassabu Mohamed Abdalrahman |
Personal details | |
Born | 1955 (age 68–69) Id al-Firsasn,South Darfur,Sudan |
Political party | National Congress Party (Sudan) |
Alma mater | University of Khartoum,Newcastle University |
Al-Haj Adam Youssef was the Second Vice President of Sudan from September 13,2011 to December 7,2013. [1] [2]
Currently,the politics of Sudan takes place in the framework of a federal provisional government. Previously,a president was head of state,head of government,and commander-in-chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces in a de jure multi-party system. Legislative power was officially vested in both the government and in the two chambers,the National Assembly (lower) and the Council of States (higher),of the bicameral National Legislature. The judiciary is independent and obtained by the Constitutional Court. However,following a deadly civil war and the still ongoing genocide in Darfur,Sudan was widely recognized as a totalitarian state where all effective political power was held by President Omar al-Bashir and his National Congress Party (NCP). However,al-Bashir and the NCP were ousted in a military coup which occurred on April 11,2019. The government of Sudan was then led by the Transitional Military Council or TMC. On 20 August 2019,the TMC dissolved giving its authority over to the Sovereignty Council of Sudan,who were planned to govern for 39 months until 2022,in the process of transitioning to democracy. However,the Sovereignty Council and the Sudanese government were dissolved in October 2021.
Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir is a Sudanese former military officer and politician who served as Sudan's head of state under various titles from 1989 until 2019,when he was deposed in a coup d'état. He was subsequently incarcerated,tried and convicted on multiple corruption charges. He came to power in 1989 when,as a brigadier general in the Sudanese Army,he led a group of officers in a military coup that ousted the democratically elected government of prime minister Sadiq al-Mahdi after it began negotiations with rebels in the south;he subsequently replaced President Ahmed al-Mirghani as head of state. He was elected three times as president in elections that have been under scrutiny for electoral fraud. In 1992,al-Bashir founded the National Congress Party,which remained the dominant political party in the country until 2019. In March 2009,al-Bashir became the first sitting head of state to be indicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC),for allegedly directing a campaign of mass killing,rape,and pillage against civilians in Darfur. On 11 February 2020,the Government of Sudan announced that it had agreed to hand over al-Bashir to the ICC for trial.
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The vice president of Sudan is the second highest political position obtainable in Sudan. Currently there is a provision for one de facto vice president,deputy chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council,who is appointed by the chairman of the council. Historically either the first or the second vice president was from Southern Sudan. From 2011 until the abolition of the post in 2019,the second vice president was from Darfur.
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South Sudan,officially the Republic of South Sudan,is a landlocked country in Central/East Africa. It is bordered on the north by Sudan;on the east by Ethiopia;on the south by the Democratic Republic of the Congo,Uganda and Kenya;and on the west by Central African Republic. South Sudan's diverse landscape includes vast plains and plateaus,dry and tropical savannahs,inland floodplains,and forested mountains. The Nile River system is the defining physical feature of the country,running south to north across its center,which is dominated by a large swamp known as the Sudd. South Sudan has a population of 12.7 million. Juba is the capital and largest city.
The Heglig Crisis was a brief war fought between the countries of Sudan and South Sudan in 2012 over oil-rich regions between South Sudan's Unity and Sudan's South Kordofan states. South Sudan invaded and briefly occupied the small border town of Heglig before being pushed back by the Sudanese army. Small-scale clashes continued until an agreement on borders and natural resources was signed on 26 September,resolving most aspects of the conflict.
The South Sudanese Civil War was a multi-sided civil war in South Sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. In December 2013,President Salva Kiir accused his former deputy Riek Machar and 10 others of attempting a coup d'état. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition (SPLM-IO). Fighting broke out between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and SPLM-IO,igniting the civil war. Ugandan troops were deployed to fight alongside the South Sudanese government. The United Nations has peacekeepers in the country as part of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS).
The following lists events that happened during 2011 in Sudan.
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Adeeb Abdel Rahman Youssef is a Sudanese human rights activist and former politician. From 2003 he documented evidence of atrocities in his native Darfur. For his activism he was imprisoned and tortured by Sudanese authorities. At one point he moved to the United States where he remained for several years and studied at George Mason University. After the Sudanese revolution he served as governor of Central Darfur from 27 July 2020 until his removal during the 2021 Sudanese coup d'état on 25 October 2021.
The following lists events during 2013 in the Republic of the Sudan.