Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry was a Sudanese military officer and politician who served as the fourth head of state of Sudan from 1969 to 1985,first as Chairman of the National Revolutionary Command Council and then as President.
The Addis Ababa Agreement,also known as the Addis Ababa Accord,was a set of compromises within a 1972 treaty that ended the First Sudanese Civil War (1955–1972) fighting in Sudan. The Addis Ababa accords were incorporated in the Constitution of Sudan.
The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it originated in southern Sudan,the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and the Blue Nile. It lasted for almost 22 years and is one of the longest civil wars on record. The war resulted in the independence of South Sudan 6 years after the war ended.
Dr. John Garang De Mabior was a Sudanese politician and revolutionary leader. From 1983 to 2005,he led the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement as a commander in chief during the Second Sudanese Civil War. He briefly served as First Vice President of Sudan for three weeks,from the comprehensive peace agreement of 2005 until his death in a helicopter crash on July 30,2005. A developmental economist by profession,Garang was one of the major influences on the movement that led to the foundation of South Sudan’s independence from the rule of Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir.
Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon is a South Sudanese politician who has served as the First Vice President of South Sudan since 2020.
The Sudan People's Liberation Movement is a political party in South Sudan. It was initially founded as the political wing of the Sudan People's Liberation Army in 1983. On January 9,2005 the SPLA,the SPLM and the Government of Sudan signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement,ending the civil war. SPLM then obtained representation in the Government of Sudan,and was the main constituent of the Government of the then semi-autonomous Southern Sudan. When South Sudan became a sovereign state on 9 July 2011,SPLM became the ruling party of the new republic. SPLM branches in Sudan separated themselves from SPLM,forming the Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North. Further factionalism appeared as a result of the 2013–2014 South Sudanese Civil War,with President Salva Kiir leading the SPLM-Juba and former Vice President Riek Machar leading the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition.
Joseph Lagu is a South Sudanese military figure and politician. He belongs to the Madi ethnic group of Eastern Equatoria,South Sudan.
The SPLA-Nasir was a splinter faction of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA),a rebel group that fought in the Second Sudanese Civil War. Originally created as an attempt by the Nuer tribe to replace SPLA leader John Garang in August 1991,it gradually became coopted by the government. The break away of Riek Machar from SPLM/A resulted in Nuer ethnic group massacring Garang's ethnic Dinka from Bor in the Bor massacre in 1991. This split resulted in the 1994 National Convention of New Sudan in Chukudum.
Joseph Ukel Garang Wel was a southern Sudanese politician in the 1960s.
Rebecca Nyandeng De Mabior is a South Sudanese politician. In 2024,she serves as the fourth Vice President of South Sudan. Her official title is ‘Vice President for the Gender and Youth Cluster’’.
Daniel Koat Mathews,popularly known as DK Mathews,was a prominent politician and Nuer leader,who held several government positions and has been effectively involved in the national politics for many years. He was a major general in the Sudan People's Liberation Army now known as South Sudan People's Defense Forces.
Dr. Toby Maduot Parek,was the chairman of the Sudan African National Union (SANU),a member of parliament in the government of southern Sudan (GOSS) Legislative Assembly,and a member of the Sudanese Group for Human Rights (SGHR).
The Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was an autonomous region that existed in southern Sudan between 1972 and 1983. It was established on 28 February 1972 by the Addis Ababa Agreement which ended the First Sudanese Civil War. The region was abolished on 5 June 1983 by the administration of Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry. Revocation of southern autonomy was one of the causes of the Second Sudanese Civil War which would continue until January 2005,when southern autonomy was restored;the region became the independent Republic of South Sudan in 2011.
Samuel Aru Bol was a prominent politician in Southern Sudan. During the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005) he signed the Khartoum Peace Agreement of 1997 as representative for the Union of Sudan African Parties (USAP).
Joseph Oduho Haworu was a leading politician from southern Sudan who was active in the struggle for independence and a founding member of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM).
Aggrey Jaden Ladu was a South Sudanese politician.
The Angakuei community belong to the people are members of the clan from Baidit Payam,Jonglei,South Sudan. The word Angakuei originates from the word Kuei,which means eagle. Abel Alier,the first South Sudanese to become the first vice President of The Sudan and the first president of the High Executive Council of Southern Sudan,is from the Angakuei clan. The name Alier originates from Lirpiou a deity that was worshipped by Angakueth and their brothers,Gwallɛi who are currently in Kolnyang Payam of Bor County.
Gordon Muortat Mayen Maborjok (1922–2008) was a Sudanese revolutionary and politician and advocate for Southern Sudan's independence. He was the President of the Nile Provisional Government (NPG) which led the Anyanya during the First Sudanese Civil War. Muortat also served as Vice-President of the Southern Front (SF) and Foreign Minister in the Southern Sudan Provisional Government (SSPG).
Bona Malwal Madut Ring is a South Sudanese journalist,politician,and government official known for his advocacy for self-determination and secession for South Sudan. From the Dinka ethnic group,he pursued his education in journalism and economics in the United States,earning degrees from Indiana University and Columbia University. His career transitioned from an early stint as an Information Officer to journalism,including Editor-In-Chief positions at various Sudanese newspapers including the Southern Front's mouthpiece,The Vigilant.
The South Sudanese wars of independence was the armed struggle for autonomy or independence of South Sudan from Sudan. Rebels in southern Sudan fought for greater self-determination against the central government of Sudan,which tried to suppress the uprising using the army and allied militias. The first civil war lasted from 1955 to 1972,and the second civil war from 1983 to 2005. The reasons for the conflict were the large ethnic,cultural,and religious differences between southern and northern Sudan,the economic exploitation of the natural resources of the south by the north,and the lack of political participation of the Southern Sudanese both in their region and in the country as a whole.
