  Hpakant jade mine Hpakant jade mine (Myanmar) | |
| Date | 22 December 2021 |
|---|---|
| Time | 04:00 MST |
| Location | Hpakant, Kachin State, Myanmar |
| Deaths | 3–20 |
| Non-fatal injuries | 25 |
| Missing | 70–100 |
On December 22, 2021, a landslide occurred at a jade mine in the township of Hpakant in Kachin State, Myanmar. The landslide killed at least three people, and left at least 70 to 100 missing. [1]
Myanmar supplies 90% of all jade on the planet, [2] in a trade worth US$790 million per Myanmar's official statistics, [3] though independent estimates put it at US$30–31 billion worth per year. [4] [5] According to Global Witness, the industry was worth $US 31 billion. [6] [7] [8] While Reuters, al Jazeera and Deutsche Welle do not say any number nor year. [3] [9] [10] The industry is known for frequent accidents at its mining sites. Hpakant is home to the largest jade mine in the world. [4]
Dozens of miners have been killed in recent years as a result of smaller accidents, with "jade pickers" who scavenge tailings from larger operators being at greater risk. [9] These freelance miners live at the base of huge mounds of rubble that has been excavated by heavy machinery. [11] The pickers are usually migrants from other regions of Myanmar and are unregistered, which makes identification of the missing people difficult. [11] Hundreds of miners scavenge through tailings dumped by trucks at the site. The tailings are piled high forming steep and high slopes, in a moonscape of no vegetation, which is likely to collapse. [4]
In 2015, a landslide killed at least 116 people in the mine. [6] After the incident and the formation of Htin Kyaw's Cabinet, led by Htin Kyaw and Aung San Suu Kyi in 2016, the cabinet promised to reform the jade industry and reduce the accidents. Activists claim, however, that little has been done in practice since the Cabinet took power that same year. [9] In 2019, fifty workers were buried in a mine collapse, resulting in the deaths of 4 miners and 2 rescue workers. [6] According to the BBC at least 100 people died in that year. [4]
In 2020, at least 175 people were killed in another landslide in the same mine. The 2020 disaster was the worst mining-related event in the country. The landslide was triggered by mining waste collapsing into the lake. More recently, a week before the 2021 landslide, another accident at a jade mine in the same area left ten miners missing.
Jade mining in Myanmar is prohibited till March 2022, but these imposed laws are broken by locals who are struggling amidst low employment and poverty. In 2018, the nation passed a new law to reform the corrupted industry. [12] However, the coup d'état in February 2021 prevented any proper execution of the law. [13]
The landslide occurred at just before daybreak at 04:00 local time on Wednesday 22 December 2021. [14] It was located at an open mine near the village of Thayar Gone. [15] The likely cause of the landslide was an overflow of mining waste dumped by trucks into the open-pit mine. [16] Locals said that water had seeped into the soil along the slopes of the mine, causing it to destabilize and collapse. [17] The landslide was an estimated 100 feet high by 150 feet wide and collapsed into a lake at the bottom of the mine. It triggered waves that swept away miners. The landslide also took down with it small shops on the waste mount. [18]
At least one person was confirmed dead; according to The Irrawaddy on the day of the landslide, the fatality was a man aged 40. [19] By December 23, the death toll was revised to at least three, with the recovery of two bodies. [20] In a statement by the Kachin News Group however, 20 miners are said to have been killed. [21] A Red Cross member in Kachin said that as much as 100 people searching for jade are unaccounted. [22] Agence France-Presse confirmed the death of a worker and 25 others were hospitalized for injuries. [23] In a news report, the BBC believes majority of the victims were illegal miners. [16] A local official of Kachin said that the missing also included all of the water treatment workers at the mine. [15]
Rescue workers arrived at the scene of the landslide at 07:00 local time. [14] An image posted on social media showed people standing by the shore of the lake while rescuers search the water by boat. [24] At least 200 rescuers went into the lake by boats to search for bodies, according to an official involved in the operation. [21] No bodies were recovered even until 11:00 local time. An official said that the recovery of bodies could take four or five days, and possibly a week. Nearby trading shops were also affected by the landslide. Personals from the military were not present at the site of the disaster. [17]
On December 23, two more bodies were recovered, bringing the death toll to three. The Kachin Network Development Foundation stated that as much as 80 people have not been accounted while Myanmar Now placed that number at 100. Rescue workers said that chances of finding any survivors have diminished as no survivors have been found. [20]
Kachin State is the northernmost state of Myanmar. It is bordered by China to the north and east, Shan State to the south, and Sagaing Region and India to the west. It lies between north latitude 23° 27' and 28° 25' longitude 96° 0' and 98° 44'. The area of Kachin State is 89,041 km2 (34,379 sq mi). The capital of the state is Myitkyina. Other important towns include Bhamo, Mohnyin and Putao.
A mining accident is an accident that occurs during the process of mining minerals or metals. Thousands of miners die from mining accidents each year, especially from underground coal mining, although accidents also occur in hard rock mining. Coal mining is considered much more hazardous than hard rock mining due to flat-lying rock strata, generally incompetent rock, the presence of methane gas, and coal dust. Most of the deaths these days occur in developing countries, and rural parts of developed countries where safety measures are not practiced as fully. A mining disaster is an incident where there are five or more fatalities.
Hpakant is a town in Hpakant Township, Kachin State in the northernmost part of Myanmar (Burma). It is located on the Uyu River 350 km north of Mandalay. It is famous for its jade mines which produce the world's best quality jadeite.
The Kachin conflict or the Kachin War is one of the multiple conflicts which are collectively referred to as the internal conflict in Myanmar. Kachin insurgents have been fighting against the Tatmadaw since 1961, with only one major ceasefire being brokered between them, which lasted from 1994 to 2011, a total of 17 years.
The jade trade in Myanmar consists of the mining, distribution, and manufacture of jadeite—a variety of jade—in the nation of Myanmar (Burma). The jadeite deposits found in Myanmar's northern regions are the source of the highest quality jadeite in the world, noted by sources in China going as far back as the 10th century. Chinese culture places significant weight on the meaning of jade; as their influence has grown in Myanmar, so has the jade industry and the practice of exporting the precious mineral.
The following lists events that happened during 2015 in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
On 21 November 2015, a major landslide in Hpakant, Kachin State, northern Myanmar killed at least 116 people near a jade mine, with around 100 more missing.
On 22 April 2019, a landslide triggered the collapse of a jade mine near Maw Wun Kalay, Hpakant, Kachin State, Myanmar, trapping at least 54 miners. The deaths of four miners were confirmed, along with the later deaths of two rescue workers. The remaining miners are presumed to be dead.
Events of 2020 in Myanmar.
On 2 July 2020, a major landslide at the Wai Khar jade mining site in the Hpakant area of Kachin State, Myanmar, killed between 175 and 200 miners in the country's deadliest-ever mining accident. At 06:30 local time (MMT) heavy rains triggered the collapse of a heap of mining waste, which came tumbling down into a lake. This generated a 6.1-meter (20 ft) wave of mud and water that buried those working at the Wai Khar mine. The miners killed or injured by the landslide were independent "jade pickers", who scavenge tailings from larger operators and who live in ramshackle quarters at the base of large mounds of rubble.
Hpakant jade mine disaster may refer to:
2021 (MMXXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2021st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 21st year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 2nd year of the 2020s decade.
In the early morning of July 28, 2019, a landslide in a Hpakant jade mine killed at least 17 people, leaving others missing and two injured. The people killed were workers from Yarzahtarni Jade Mining Company, local police, and others unaffiliated with the mine.
This is the list of important events happened in Myanmar in 2023.
The 2023 Hpakant jade mine disaster occurred on August 13, 2023, when the Hpakant Jade Mines experienced the third documented landslide in the area. The landslide killed 32 people when tailings swept the miners into a nearby lake. Hpakant is located in Kachin, Myanmar. Myanmar is considered the sodium alumina silicate (jade) capital of the world because it has the highest concentration of jade. Hpakant provides 70% of the world's jade. It is estimated that Myanmar’s jade industry is worth more than 31 billion dollars annually, about half of its GDP. Despite the 1974 Nationalisation of Industry Act, most of Myanmar’s jade is sold illegally. Chinese companies work with the military to create untraceable Chinese-owned shell companies like Wai Kharmine. Myanmar’s jade industry is contentious because it degrades the environment, while supporting political turmoil by financially aiding the military junta (Tatmadaw) and ethnic militias.
On October 9, 2023, the Myanmar military launched an artillery attack targeting an internally-displaced persons (IDP) camp near Laiza, a town in northern Myanmar that serves as the capital of the Kachin Independence Army (KIA). In the massacre, over 29 civilians were killed and 57 were injured. The incident occurred before the anniversary of the Myanmar Air Force's airstrike in Hpakant that killed at least 80 civilians and other KIO officials and soldiers on 23 October 2022.
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