33d Special Operations Squadron

33d Special Operations Squadron
	33d Special Operations Squadron General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper 08-0084
Active	June 12, 1917 – present
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Part of	Air Force Special Operations Command
Garrison/HQ	Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico
Engagements	; World War I ; ; World War II ; ; 1991 Gulf War ; ; Operation Enduring Freedom ; ; Operation Iraqi Freedom [1]
Decorations	Air Force Meritori9us Unit Award ; Air Force Outstanding Unit Award [1]
Insignia
33d Special Operations Squadron emblem (approved 13 July 2010) [1]
33d Pursuit Squadron emblem (approved 22 September 1933) [2]

Last updated March 05, 2019

The 33d Special Operations Squadron is a United States Air Force unit, assigned to the 27th Special Operations Group, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico. The squadron operates the General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper.

The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial and space warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the five branches of the United States Armed Forces, and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907, the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947. It is the youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, and the fourth in order of precedence. The USAF is the largest and most technologically advanced air force in the world. The Air Force articulates its core missions as air and space superiority, global integrated intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, rapid global mobility, global strike, and command and control.

The 27th Special Operations Group is the flying component of the 27th Special Operations Wing, assigned to the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC). The group is stationed at Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico.

Cannon Air Force Base is a United States Air Force Base, located approximately 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Clovis, New Mexico. It is under the jurisdiction of Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC). The population of the Cannon AFB CDP was 2,245 as of the 2010 census. The host unit at Cannon is the 27th Special Operations Wing , which activated on 1 October 2007, and is assigned to the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC). The 27 SOW plans and executes specialized and contingency operations using advanced aircraft, tactics and air refueling techniques to infiltrate, exfiltrate and resupply special operations forces (SOF) and provide intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance and close air support in support of SOF operations.

Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), headquartered at Hurlburt Field, Florida, is the special operations component of the United States Air Force. An Air Force major command (MAJCOM), AFSOC is also the U.S. Air Force component command to United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), a unified combatant command located at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. AFSOC provides all Air Force Special Operations Forces (SOF) for worldwide deployment and assignment to regional unified combatant commands.

Overview

The mission of the 33d SOS is to operate the General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, primarily over combat areas to provide Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR). During 2012, 39 members of the squadron were deployed, accumulating a total of 3,891 days downrange and facilitating thousands of hours of ISR coverage. Ten additional squadron members were deployed to fill roles such as Remotely Piloted Aircraft liaison officers, ISR battle captains, and group commanders. Their deployed contributions totaled 517 days.^[3]

The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capable of remotely controlled or autonomous flight operations, developed by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems (GA-ASI) primarily for the United States Air Force (USAF). The MQ-9 and other UAVs are referred to as Remotely Piloted Vehicles/Aircraft (RPV/RPA) by the USAF to indicate their human ground controllers. The MQ-9 is the first hunter-killer UAV designed for long-endurance, high-altitude surveillance. In 2006, the then–Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force General T. Michael Moseley said: "We've moved from using UAVs primarily in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance roles before Operation Iraqi Freedom, to a true hunter-killer role with the Reaper."

The 33d SOS is one of the oldest squadrons in the Air Force, its origins dating to 12 June 1917. Over this time, members of the squadron took part in World War I, World War II, the 1991 Gulf War, Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.^[4]

World War I 1914–1918 global war originating in Europe

World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as "the war to end all wars", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide.

World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.

Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) was the official name used by the U.S. government for the Global War on Terrorism. On October 7, 2001, in response to the September 11 attacks, President George W. Bush announced that airstrikes targeting Al Qaeda and the Taliban had begun in Afghanistan. Operation Enduring Freedom primarily refers to the War in Afghanistan, but it is also affiliated with counterterrorism operations in other countries, such as OEF-Philippines and OEF-Trans Sahara.

History

World War I

The 33d Special Operations Squadron traces its history to the organization of the 33d Aero Squadron at Camp Kelly, Texas, on 17 May 1917, about a month after the United States' entry into World War I. The squadron consisted of 160 recruits and was first called "2d Company "G", Kelly Field". Later, the name was changed to "1st Company "F", Kelly Field".^[5]^[6] On 23 June 1917 the 33d Aero Squadron was organized from these recruits.^[1] After rudimentary indoctrination into the Army at Kelly Field, the squadron was given orders for overseas duty in France, and proceeded to Fort Totten, New York on 15 August.^[5]

Fort Totten is a former active United States Army installation in the New York City borough of Queens. It is located on the north shore of Long Island, on the Willets Point peninsula. Fort Totten is at the head of Little Neck Bay, where the East River widens to become Long Island Sound. While the U.S. Army Reserve continues to maintain a presence at the fort, the property is now owned by the City of New York.

Across the Atlantic

On 22 August they were transported to the Port of Entry, Hoboken, New Jersey, and were boarded on the RMS Baltic (1903). The next day, they left Pier 59, en route to Halifax, Nova Scotia where the ship anchored awaiting for a convoy. Finally, on 5 September, the convoy was formed and the trans-Atlantic journey began.^[5]

Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 50,005, having grown by 11,428 (+29.6%) from 38,577 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,180 (+15.5%) from the 33,397 in the 1990 Census. Hoboken is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the site of Hoboken Terminal, a major transportation hub for the tri-state region.

RMS Baltic was an ocean liner of the White Star Line that sailed between 1904 and 1933. At 23,876 gross tons, she was the world's largest ship until 1905. She was the third of a quartet of ships, all measuring over 20,000 gross tons, dubbed The Big Four.

Halifax, also known as the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), is the capital of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The municipality had a population of 403,131 in 2016, with 316,701 in the urban area centred on Halifax Harbour. The regional municipality consists of four former municipalities that were amalgamated in 1996: Halifax, Dartmouth, Bedford, and Halifax County.

On the night of 14 September, two red rockets were fired from an accompanying destroyer that had spotted a submarine periscope. The destroyer dropped depth charges on the submarine, and the Baltic made a sudden turn to port, that caused both men and anything loose aboard the ship to move. Suddenly a large explosion was heard and five long blasts were made by the ship's whistle and everyone on board was ordered to report to their assigned lifeboats. The Baltic's captain announced that a torpedo had struck the ship, but it had only made a glancing blow on the bow; that the emergency pumps were working and there was no danger.^[5]

Third Aviation Instruction Center

The next morning the ship arrived at Liverpool, England; the squadrons on the Baltic being the first American airmen to land there. The 33d was boarded on a train and proceeded to Southampton where it was stationed at a rest camp, arriving at 1:00 am on 16 September. At Southampton, fifty men of the squadron were detached to the Royal Flying Corps for three months training as aircraft mechanics. The remainder of the squadron were to proceed to France. The squadron arrived at Le Havre, then continued by train to Etampes, France, arriving on the 19th. At Etampes, the squadron was divided into three detachments for training at different aircraft schools in France, and were designated as the 33d Aero Squadron Detachments. The detachments were sent to Paris, Clermont-Ferrand and Lyon. In addition, 18 men were sent to Issoudun Aerodrome to help construct the Third Aviation Instruction Center.^[5]

The squadron was recombined at Issodun Aerodrome just after Christmas Day, 1917. The men had been thoroughly trained in aircraft assembly, engine maintenance and the other skills needed for them to do their work at the Third Aviation Instruction Center. The men from England arrived on 14 January, and they had become instructors in pistol, rifle, and machine-gunnery. The duties of the squadron became the maintenance of the training aircraft, primarily French Nieuports at the school, which had been set up by the Training Section, AEF to train American pursuit pilots prior to them being sent into combat at the Front. In their off-hours, the men engaged in sports such as boxing and football. Athletics was an important part of the duty at Issodun, giving the squadron, which was widely divided around the station, an esprit-de-corps and helped build morale. In addition to the aircraft work, squadron members were also engaged in expanding the 3d AIC as necessary, erecting additional buildings and aircraft hangars as new airfields were required as training was expanded with additional pilots and aircraft.^[5]

The numbers of aircraft accidents increased in relation to the increase of pilots going through training. Some of these accidents were found to be caused by a long row of large trees to the north of one of the fields. Those were cut down to give the students additional unobstructed space for landings and takeoffs. Overlapping airfields were also causing a problem with the increased number of aircraft, and additional airfields, away from the main base, were acquired and set up to relieve that problem. Severe storms, especially in the summer caused hangars to be torn up and airplanes to be damaged by high winds or flying debris. The work of the mechanics, in particular, could be quite dangerous as men were severely injured by propeller blades, and in one case, a squadron member working on the field was killed when another plane, attempting a takeoff, instead swerved and ran into the plane he was working on.^[5]

During the month of September 1918, training was especially intense as new pilots, to be assigned to the new Second Army Air Service, began to arrive for instruction. By the time of the Armistice on 11 November, the men of the squadron held responsible positions in many of the support areas of the Third Aviation Instruction Center. Although they did not enter combat, the men provided the means to train the pilots who went to the front and gave them the best of training so they might accomplish their work.^[5]

Demobilization

The 33d remained at Issodun until the end of December 1918 when orders were received to proceed to the 1st Air Depot, Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome, France, for demobilization. From Colombey, the squadron was moved to a staging camp under the Services of Supply at Bordeaux, France, in January waiting for a date to report to a base port for transportation home. In mid-March, the squadron boarded a troop ship, arriving in New York on 5 April. From there, the 33d moved to Mitchel Field, New York where the men were demobilized and returned to civilian life.^[5]^[7] The 33d Aero Squadron was demobilized on 14 April 1919 at Mitchel Field, New York.^[8]

Inter-war years

The 33d Pursuit Squadron was reconstituted as a regular Army Air Service unit on 24 March 1923, but remained inactive. By 1929, the squadron was partially organized at Kelly Field as a Regular Army Inactive unit^{[note 1]} with reserve personnel and its members trained as individual reservists at Kelly Field.^[8]

On 25 June 1932 its reservists were transferred and it was activated at Langley Field, Virginia. It was equipped with Boeing P-12s, and in 1933 some Curtiss P-6 Hawk pursuit planes and trained primarily on coastal defense patrols. Assigned to the 8th Pursuit Group, the squadron continued to fly pursuit planes, receiving new front-line aircraft for testing and evaluation. These included the Consolidated P-30, Curtiss P-36 Hawk, Curtiss YP-37 and Northrop A-17 Dive Bomber.^[4]

The squadron was redesignated as the 33d Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) on 6 December 1939; It moved to Mitchel Field, New York in March 1940 after the breakout of World War II in Europe. It was redesignated as an interceptor squadron, and shortly afterwards received early-model Curtiss P-40C Warhawks. Its mission was the air defense of the New York City area.^[4]

World War II

The squadron was deployed to Iceland with P-40 Warhawk fighters as part of the Iceland Base Command (IBC) as part of a bilateral agreement with the Icelandic Government to provide air defense of their nation. The squadron departed from New York Harbor on 27 July 1941 on the USS Wasp (CV-7)}, arriving off Iceland on 6 August 1941. The squadron flew its P-40s off the carrier, and landed at Kaldadarnes Airfield, near Reykjavík where it replaced a Royal Air Force squadron which withdrew to the United Kingdom.^[8] It operated from Kaldadarnes until Patterson Field was completed in July 1942.^[4]^[9]

Additional fighter squadrons were sent to Iceland after the United States entry into World War II, and the 33d was re-assigned to the new 342d Composite Group in September 1942, and the squadron received additional Bell P-39 Airacobras. Along with the air defense mission, the 33d also provided escort patrols for Air Transport Command operations flying through Iceland as part of the North Atlantic air ferry route, and antisubmarine patrols.^[4]

With the completion of Meeks Field in March 1943, headquarters of the 342d was moved there, however, due to congestion with Air Transport Command ferrying traffic, the 33d operated primarily from Patterson Field. German aircraft, operating from bases in Occupied Norway, were first engaged near Iceland on 28 April 1942 and had been followed by a three months' lull. Then in late July three more encounters took place. Encounters between German aircraft and the 342d continued until the summer of 1943 when the last enemy aircraft (a Junkers Ju 88) was intercepted on 5 August. After that, with the Germans on the defensive in Europe, the Luftwaffe was engaged in other activities elsewhere.^[10]

The 342d was inactivated in March 1944 and the squadron came under the direct control of the 24th Composite Wing. The P-40s and P-39s were replaced with new Republic P-47D Thunderbolts, however, with the Germans in full retreat after D-Day, the 24th was disestablished and the 33d remained in Iceland as a defensive measure under IBC until the end of the war when it was inactivated.^[4]

Tactical Air Command

In April 1953, the 33d Fighter-Bomber Squadron was activated as part of the 37th Fighter-Bomber Group, at Clovis Air Force Base, New Mexico under Tactical Air Command (TAC). The 37th FBG was assigned to Clovis to replace the 50th FBG which was deployed to West Germany as part of USAFE. However, the 37th was neither manned or equipped due to personnel and equipment shortages and was inactivated on 25 June 1953.^[4]

The 33d was again re-activated at the newly opened Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, South Carolina by TAC as the 33d Fighter-Day Squadron as part of the 342d FDG on 25 July 1956. The 342d was equipped with a mixed assortment of aircraft, the most modern being five RF-80A Shooting Stars. These aircraft were considered to be at Myrtle Beach on an interim status, as North American Aircraft established a training facility at the base for F-100 Super Sabre orientation. Although on paper a fully functioning wing, the efforts and activities of the 342d FDW were directed to reach operational capabilities by overcoming the problems and obstacles inherent in the activation of a new fighter wing on a base still largely under construction. The 342d FDW lasted 117 days until 18 November 1956 when the Air Force inactivated the unit and activated the 354th Fighter-Day Wing to replace it, and the men and aircraft of the 33d Fighter-Day Squadron were transferred to the newly activated 353d Fighter Day Squadron.^[11]

Reactivated a third time by Tactical Air Command on 15 October 1969, at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, this time as the 33d Tactical Reconnaissance Training Squadron, and assigned to the 363d Tactical Reconnaissance Wing. The 33d assumed the personnel and equipment of provisional 4415th Combat Crew Training Squadron, being equipped with McDonnell RF-4C Phantom II reconnaissance aircraft. The mission of the squadron at Shaw was to train newly assigned pilots in the tactical reconnaissance mission. In 1982, as the 363d converted to a General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon tactical fighter wing, the 33d was inactivated on 1 October 1982 when its reconnaissance training mission ended.^[12]

Reactivated as part of the 363d Tactical Fighter Wing in 1985 at Shaw as the wing's third F-16 Squadron. Trained in tactical fighter missions designed to destroy enemy forces, 1985–1993. Deployed aircrews and aircraft to Southwest Asia (SWA) during the 1991 Gulf War; later participated in Operation Southern Watch over southern Iraq in support of United Nations operations, 1992–1993. Lt Col Gary L. North, commander of 33d Fighter Squadron, became the first American F-16 pilot to score an aerial victory in SWA, 27 December 1992. Inactivated in late 1993 when the 20th Fighter Wing assumed the mission and assets of the 363d Fighter Wing as part of the Air Force downsizing after the end of the Cold War.^[12]

Lineage

Organized as the 33d Aero Squadron on 12 June 1917

Demobilized on 14 April 1919

Reconstituted and redesignated 33d Pursuit Squadron on 24 March 1923

Organized as a Regular Army Inactive unit by June 1929<Clay/>

Activated on 25 June 1932

Redesignated 33d Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) on 6 December 1939

Redesignated 33d Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) on 12 March 1941

Redesignated 33d Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942

Redesignated 33d Fighter Squadron, Single Engine on 3 February 1944

Inactivated on 22 June 1945

Redesignated 33d Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 3 March 1953

Activated on 8 April 1953

Inactivated on 25 June 1953

Redesignated 33d Fighter-Day Squadron on 7 May 1956

Activated on 25 July 1956

Inactivated on 19 November 1956

Redesignated 33d Tactical Reconnaissance Training Squadron on 18 August 1969 and activated (not organized)

Organized on 15 October 1969

Inactivated on 1 October 1982

Redesignated 33d Tactical Fighter Squadron on 7 September 1984

Activated on 1 January 1985

Redesignated 33d Fighter Squadron on 1 November 1991

Inactivated on 15 November 1993

Redesignated 33d Special Operations Squadron on 29 April 2009

Activated on 29 May 2009^[13]

Assignments

Post Headquarters, Kelly Field, 17 May 1917^{[ citation needed ]}
Aviation Concentration Center, 15 August 1917^{[ citation needed ]}
Air Service Headquarters, AEF, British Isles, 16 September 1917^{[ citation needed ]}

Detachment attached to Royal Flying Corps for training, 16 September 1917 – 14 January 1918^{[ citation needed ]}

Air Service Headquarters, AEF, 19 September 1917^{[ citation needed ]}

Detachments attached to Training Section, AEF, 19 September – 25 December 1917^{[ citation needed ]}

Third Aviation Instruction Center, 23 September 1917
1st Air Depot, December, 1918^{[ citation needed ]}
Services of Supply, c. 6 January – c. 18 March 1919^{[ citation needed ]}
Eastern Department, c. 5–14 April 1919^{[ citation needed ]}

17th Pursuit Group, while in Regular Army Inactive status^[8]
8th Pursuit Group, 25 June 1932
Iceland Base Command, 6 August 1941
342d Composite Group, 11 September 1942
24th Composite Wing, 18 March 1944
Iceland Base Command, 15 June 1944 – 9 June 1945
37th Fighter-Bomber Group, 8 April – 15 June 1953
342d Fighter-Day Group, 25 July – 19 November 1956
363d Tactical Reconnaissance Wing (later 363d Tactical Fighter Wing), 15 October 1969 – 1 October 1982
363d Tactical Fighter Wing), 1 January 1985
363d Operations Group, 1 May 1992 – 15 November 1993
27th Special Operations Group, 29 May 2009 – present^[14]

Stations

Camp Kelly (later Kelly field), Texas, 12 June – 11 August 1917
Etampes, France, 19 September 1917
Clermont-Ferrand, France, c. 25 September 1917
Issoudun Aerodrome, France, December 1917
Bordeaux, France, 6 January – 18 March 1919
Mitchel Field, New York, 5–14 April 1919
Langley Field, Virginia, 25 June 1932
Mitchel Field, New York, 14 November 1940 – 27 July 1941

Meeks Field, Iceland, 6 August 1941 – 9 June 1945^{[ citation needed ]}
Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, 20–22 June 1945
Clovis Air Force Base, New Mexico, 8 April – 25 June 1953
Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, South Carolina, 25 July – 19 November 1956
Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, 1 October 1969 – 1 October 1982, 1 January 1985 – 15 November 1993
Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico, 29 May 2009 – present^[15]

Aircraft

Nieuport 83, 1918
Boeing P-12, 1932–1935
Curtiss P-6 Hawk, 1933–1936, 1937–1940
Consolidated P-30, 1936–1939
Curtiss YP-37, 1937–1940
Northrop A-17, 1937–1940
Curtiss P-36 Hawk, 1939–1940
Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, 1940–1944
Bell P-39 Airacobra, 1942–1943
Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, 1944–1945
McDonnell RF-4C Phantom II, 1969–1982
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, 1985–1993
General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, 2009 – present

References

Notes

Explanatory Notes

↑ Regular Army Inactive units were units that were constituted in the regular army. Although they were not activated, they were organized with reserve personnel during the 1920s and early 1930s. Even though they had reserve personnel assigned, they were not Organized Reserve units. Because they had no regular personnel they were still considered inactive in the regular army. Clay, p. vi
↑ Aircraft is General Dynamics F-16D Block 42H Fighting Falcon, Serial 90-778. Lt Col North flew this plane when he shot down an Iraqi MiG-25 over the No-fly zone on 27 December 1992 during Operation Southern Watch.

Citations

1 2 3 4 Haulman, Daniel (May 18, 2017). "Factsheet 33 Special Operations Squadron (USAFE)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 160-161
1 2 Tucker, SRA Whitney (April 29, 2013). "33 SOS named AFSOC Special Operations Squadron of the Year". 27th Special Operations Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Cannon AFB Library: Factsheet 33rd Special Operations Squadron". 27th Special Operations Wing Public Affairs. February 27, 2012. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Gorrell, Series E, Vol. 7 ^{[ page needed ]}
↑ Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the First World War, Vol. 3, Part 3^{[ page needed ]}
↑ Gorrell, Series O ^{[ page needed ]}
1 2 3 4 Clay, p. 1398
↑ Conn, Engleman & Fairchild ^{[ page needed ]}
↑ 62-60067
↑ History of the 342d Fighter-Day Wing, 354th TFW History Office, 1956, Air Force Historical Research Agency
1 2 History of the 20th Fighter Wing and Shaw Air Force Base, Office of History 20th Fighter Wing. Shaw AFB, South Carolina. December 2010, AFD-110131-026.pdf
↑ Lineage in Haulman, except as noted
↑ Assignments in Haulman, except as noted.
↑ Stations in Haulman, except as noted.

Bibliography

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/ .

Clay, Steven E. (2011). US Army Order of Battle 1919-1941 (PDF). Vol. 3 The Services: Air Service, Engineers, and Special Troops 1919-1941. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-98419-014-0. LCCN 2010022326. OCLC 637712205 . Retrieved October 16, 2012.
Conn, Stetson; Engelman, Rose C.; Fairchild, Byron (1964). Guarding the United States and its Outposts. The United States Army in World War II. Washington DC: Center for Military History. LCCN 62-60067 . Retrieved September 5, 2017.
Gorrell, Col. Edgar S. (1974). History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917-1919. Series E: Squadron Histories. Vol. 7 History of the 28th, 30th-37th, 41st, and 43d Aero Squadrons. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration. OCLC 215070705.
Gorrell, Col. Edgar S. (1974). History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917-1919. Series O: Weekly statistical reports on progress of Air Service activities, Oct. 1918-May 1919. Vols. 1-31. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration. OCLC 215070705.
Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979 . Retrieved December 17, 2016.
Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556 . Retrieved December 17, 2016.
Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War. Vol. 3, Part 3 Zone of the Interior: Directory of Troops (Reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Center of Military History. 1988 [1949]. Retrieved January 22, 2017.

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[9] Regular Army Inactive units were units that were constituted in the regular army. Although they were not activated, they were organized with reserve personnel during the 1920s and early 1930s. Even though they had reserve personnel assigned, they were not Organized Reserve units. Because they had no regular personnel they were still considered inactive in the regular army. Clay, p. vi

[12] Aircraft is General Dynamics F-16D Block 42H Fighting Falcon, Serial 90-778. Lt Col North flew this plane when he shot down an Iraqi MiG-25 over the No-fly zone on 27 December 1992 during Operation Southern Watch.

[33SOSfacts-1] 1 2 3 4 Haulman, Daniel (May 18, 2017). "Factsheet 33 Special Operations Squadron (USAFE)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved September 5, 2017.

[Maurer33FS-2] Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 160-161

[SOSYR-3] 1 2 Tucker, SRA Whitney (April 29, 2013). "33 SOS named AFSOC Special Operations Squadron of the Year". 27th Special Operations Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2017.

[AFHRA-4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Cannon AFB Library: Factsheet 33rd Special Operations Squadron". 27th Special Operations Wing Public Affairs. February 27, 2012. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2017.

[Gorrell-5] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Gorrell, Series E, Vol. 7 ^{[ page needed ]}

[6] Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the First World War, Vol. 3, Part 3^{[ page needed ]}

[7] Gorrell, Series O ^{[ page needed ]}

[Clay-8] 1 2 3 4 Clay, p. 1398

[Army1-10] Conn, Engleman & Fairchild ^{[ page needed ]}

[Army2-11] 62-60067

[13] History of the 342d Fighter-Day Wing, 354th TFW History Office, 1956, Air Force Historical Research Agency

[Shaw-14] 1 2 History of the 20th Fighter Wing and Shaw Air Force Base, Office of History 20th Fighter Wing. Shaw AFB, South Carolina. December 2010, AFD-110131-026.pdf

[15] Lineage in Haulman, except as noted

[16] Assignments in Haulman, except as noted.

[17] Stations in Haulman, except as noted.