Actin-related protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTR2 gene. [5]
The specific function of ACTR2 has not yet been determined. However, it is known to be a major constituent of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex is located at the cell surface and is essential to cell shape and motility through lamellipodial actin assembly and protrusion. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [6]
The Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is a 502-amino acid protein expressed in cells of the hematopoietic system that in humans is encoded by the WAS gene. In the inactive state, WASp exists in an autoinhibited conformation with sequences near its C-terminus binding to a region near its N-terminus. Its activation is dependent upon CDC42 and PIP2 acting to disrupt this interaction, causing the WASp protein to 'open'. This exposes a domain near the WASp C-terminus that binds to and activates the Arp2/3 complex. Activated Arp2/3 nucleates new F-actin.
Cortactin is a monomeric protein located in the cytoplasm of cells that can be activated by external stimuli to promote polymerization and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, especially the actin cortex around the cellular periphery. It is present in all cell types. When activated, it will recruit Arp2/3 complex proteins to existing actin microfilaments, facilitating and stabilizing nucleation sites for actin branching. Cortactin is important in promoting lamellipodia formation, invadopodia formation, cell migration, and endocytosis.
Actin-related protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTR3 gene.
Dynamin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNM2 gene.
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein family member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WASF2 gene.
Neural Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WASL gene.
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein family member 1, also known as WASP-family verprolin homologous protein 1 (WAVE1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WASF1 gene.
Alpha-centractin (yeast) or ARP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTR1A gene.
WAS/WASL-interacting protein (WIP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WIPF1 gene.
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARPC1B gene.
Ena/VASP-like protein is a member of the Ena/VASP family of proteins that in humans is encoded by the EVL gene.
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARPC2 gene.
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein family member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WASF3 gene.
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARPC3 gene.
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARPC5 gene.
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARPC4 gene.
60S ribosomal protein L13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL13 gene.
The Actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA) is a protein encoded and used by Listeria monocytogenes to propel itself through a mammalian host cell. ActA is a bacterial surface protein comprising a membrane-spanning region. In a mammalian cell the bacterial ActA interacts with the Arp2/3 complex and actin monomers to induce actin polymerization on the bacterial surface generating an actin comet tail. The gene encoding ActA is named actA or prtB.
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit protein complex that plays a major role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. It is a major component of the actin cytoskeleton and is found in most actin cytoskeleton-containing eukaryotic cells. Two of its subunits, the Actin-Related Proteins ARP2 and ARP3, closely resemble the structure of monomeric actin and serve as nucleation sites for new actin filaments. The complex binds to the sides of existing ("mother") filaments and initiates growth of a new ("daughter") filament at a distinctive 70 degree angle from the mother. Branched actin networks are created as a result of this nucleation of new filaments. The regulation of rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton is important for processes like cell locomotion, phagocytosis, and intracellular motility of lipid vesicles.
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