Titin, also known as connectin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTN gene. Titin is a giant protein, greater than 1 µm in length, that functions as a molecular spring which is responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle. It comprises 244 individually folded protein domains connected by unstructured peptide sequences. These domains unfold when the protein is stretched and refold when the tension is removed.
The ankyrin repeat is a 33-residue motif in proteins consisting of two alpha helices separated by loops, first discovered in signaling proteins in yeast Cdc10 and Drosophila Notch. Domains consisting of ankyrin tandem repeats mediate protein–protein interactions and are among the most common structural motifs in known proteins. They appear in bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic proteins, but are far more common in eukaryotes. Ankyrin repeat proteins, though absent in most viruses, are common among poxviruses. Most proteins that contain the motif have four to six repeats, although its namesake ankyrin contains 24, and the largest known number of repeats is 34, predicted in a protein expressed by Giardia lamblia.
Y box binding protein 1 also known as Y-box transcription factor or nuclease-sensitive element-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YBX1 gene.
Interleukin-18-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL18BP gene.
Obscurin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OBSCN gene. Obscurin belongs to the family of giant sarcomeric signaling proteins that includes titin and nebulin. Obscurin is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle, and plays a role in the organization of myofibrils during sarcomere assembly. A mutation in the OBSCN gene has been associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and altered obscurin protein properties have been associated with other muscle diseases.
Ankyrin Repeat, PEST sequence and Proline-rich region (ARPP), also known as Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANKRD2 gene. ARPP is a member of the muscle ankyrin repeat proteins (MARP), which also includes CARP and DARP, and is highly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in other tissues. Expression of ARPP has been shown to be altered in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A role for Ankrd2 in tumor progression and metastases spreading has also been described.
CARP, also known as Cardiac adriamycin-responsive protein or Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANKRD1 gene. CARP is highly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle, and is a transcription factor involved in development and under conditions of stress. CARP has been implicated in several diseases, including dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and several skeletal muscle myopathies.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM63, also known as "MuRF1" is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TRIM63 gene.
ETS homologous factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EHF gene. This gene encodes a protein that belongs to an ETS transcription factor subfamily characterized by epithelial-specific expression (ESEs). The encoded protein acts as a transcriptional repressor and may be associated with asthma susceptibility. This protein may be involved in epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis.
Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 27 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANKRD27 gene.
Myopalladin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYPN gene. Myopalladin is a muscle protein responsible for tethering proteins at the Z-disc and for communicating between the sarcomere and the nucleus in cardiac and skeletal muscle
KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KANK2 gene.
Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANKRD17 gene.
KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KANK1 gene.
Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASB3 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 55 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM55 gene.
Ankyrin 1, erythrocytic, also known as ANK1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANK1 gene.
Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANKRD26 gene. This protein has a function that is not currently understood.
Ankyrin repeat and BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABTB1 gene.
Tropomodulin 4 (muscle) also known as TMOD4 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TMOD4 gene.
