AZGP1

Last updated
AZGP1
Protein AZGP1 PDB 1t7v.png
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases AZGP1 , ZA2G, ZAG, alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding
External IDs OMIM: 194460; MGI: 103163; HomoloGene: 915; GeneCards: AZGP1; OMA:AZGP1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

563

12007

Ensembl

ENSG00000160862

ENSMUSG00000037053

UniProt

P25311

Q64726

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001185

NM_013478

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001176

NP_038506

Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 99.97 – 99.98 Mb Chr 5: 137.98 – 137.99 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AZGP1 gene. [5] AZGP1, also referred to as zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG), is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 38-40 kDa. [6] In 1961, AZGP1 was initially isolated from normal human plasma and named as ZAG due to its distinctive electrophoretic mobility within the alpha-2 region and its ability to bind to zinc. [6] Subsequent analysis further identified its specific location on a particular chromosome on chromosome 7q22.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. AZGP1 is widely expressed in various tissues and body fluids, including the breast, stomach, liver, prostate, plasma, urine, and saliva. [7]

Contents

This gene expresses a soluble protein that stimulates lipolysis, induces a reduction in body fat in mice, is associated with the cachexia related to cancer, and is known to be expressed in secretory cells of lung epithelium. [8] In 2009, it was found that smoking increases expression of this gene, which is why smoking cessation leads to weight gain. [8] Decreased circulating AZGP1 levels are associated with diabetes 2. [9]


AZGP1 has been identified as a biomarker in cancer patients, with its role varying depending on the specific type of cancer. Low expression of AZGP1 is correlated with unfavorable outcomes in gastric cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer. For example, AZGP1 is a potential biomarker for predicting surgical failure and negatively regulates angiogenesis in prostate cancer [10] [11] Elevated levels of AZGP1 have been significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival in colon cancer. [12]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000160862 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037053 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ "Entrez Gene: AZGP1 alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding".
  6. 1 2 Burgi W, Schmid K (April 1961). "Preparation and properties of Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein of normal human plasma". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 236 (24): 1066–1074. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64243-7 . PMID   13689030.
  7. ↑ Hassan MI, Waheed A, Yadav S, Singh TP, Ahmad F (June 2008). "Zinc alpha 2-glycoprotein: a multidisciplinary protein". Molecular Cancer Research. 6 (6): 892–906. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-07-2195. PMID   18567794.
  8. 1 2 Vanni H, Kazeros A, Wang R, Harvey BG, Ferris B, De BP, et al. (May 2009). "Cigarette smoking induces overexpression of a fat-depleting gene AZGP1 in the human". Chest. 135 (5): 1197–1208. doi:10.1378/chest.08-1024. PMC   2679098 . PMID   19188554.
  9. ↑ Diniz Pereira J, Gomes Fraga V, Morais Santos AL, Carvalho MD, Caramelli P, Braga Gomes K (March 2021). "Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of proteomic studies". Journal of Neurochemistry. 156 (6): 753–756. doi:10.1111/jnc.15166. PMID   32909269.
  10. ↑ .Wen RM, Qiu Z, Marti GE, Peterson EE, Marques FJ, Bermudez A, et al. (April 2024). "AZGP1 deficiency promotes angiogenesis in prostate cancer". Journal of Translational Medicine. 22 (1): 383. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05183-x . PMC   11044612 . PMID   38659028.
  11. ↑ Brooks JD, Wei W, Pollack JR, West RB, Shin JH, Sunwoo JB, et al. (November 2016). "Loss of Expression of AZGP1 Is Associated With Worse Clinical Outcomes in a Multi-Institutional Radical Prostatectomy Cohort". The Prostate. 76 (15): 1409–1419. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05183-x . PMC   5557496 . PMID   27325561.
  12. ↑ Fang YY, Huang JM, Wen JY, Li JD, Shen JH, Zeng DT, et al. (2022). "AZGP1 Up-Regulation is a Potential Target for Andrographolide Reversing Radioresistance of Colorectal Cancer". Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine. 15: 999–1017. doi: 10.2147/PGPM.S360147 . PMC   9758989 . PMID   36536885.

Further reading

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