The Party of Functional Groups,often known by its abbreviation Golkar,is a centre-right big tent secular nationalist political party in Indonesia. Founded in 1964 as the Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups,it is the oldest extant political party in Indonesia. It first participated in national elections in 1971 as Functional Groups. Since 2009,it has been the second-largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR),having won 102 seats in the latest election.
Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 5 July and 20 September 2004. As no candidate won a majority in the first round,a runoff was held,in which Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated Megawati Sukarnoputri and was elected president. They were the first direct presidential elections in the history of Indonesia;prior to a 2002 amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia,both the president and vice president had been elected by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).
Wiranto is an Indonesian politician and retired army general,who is serving as the chairman of the Presidential Advisory Council,since December 2019. Previously,he was the Commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces from February 1998 to October 1999 during Indonesia's transition from authoritarian rule to democracy,he ran unsuccessfully for President of Indonesia in 2004 and for the vice-presidency in 2009. On 27 July 2016,Wiranto was appointed Coordinating Minister for Political,Legal,and Security Affairs,replacing Luhut Binsar Panjaitan.
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,commonly referred to as SBY,is an Indonesian politician,painter and retired army general who served as the sixth president of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014 and the second president of Indonesia from the military after Suharto. He founded the Democratic Party of Indonesia and served as its 4th chairman from 2014 until 2020. He also served as the 8th and 10th coordinating minister for political and security affairs from 2000 until 2001 and again from 2001 until 2004. He also served as the president of the Assembly and chair of the Council of the Global Green Growth Institute. He was also the former chairman of ASEAN due to Indonesia hosting of the 18th and 19th ASEAN Summits.
The Democratic Party is a centre to centre-right nationalist political party in Indonesia. Currently,it holds 44 seats in the House of Representatives (DPR). It is led by Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (AHY),the son of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY),who served as the President of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014.
Muhammad Jusuf Kalla,commonly referred to by his initials JK,is an Indonesian politician and businessman who served as the 10th and 12th vice president of Indonesia,the only vice president in Indonesian history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office. He was unsuccessful as Golkar's presidential nominee in the 2009 presidential election. Before Kalla declared himself as the running mate for Joko Widodo in the 2014 presidential election,a 2012 poll placed his popularity among likely voters in the top three contenders for the presidency and ahead of his own party's nominee Aburizal Bakrie.
Djandji Akbar Zahiruddin Tandjung is an Indonesian politician who served as the Speaker of the People's Representative Council from 1999 until 2004. A member of the Golkar party,he also served as the party's chairman from 1999 until 2004 and was a member of the People's Representative Council from East Java from 1977 until 2004.
The Post-Suharto era is the contemporary history in Indonesia,which began with the resignation of authoritarian president Suharto on 21 May 1998. Since his resignation,the country has been in a period of transition known as the Reform era. This period has been characterised by a more open political-social environment and grassroots economic improvement.
Sidoarjo Regency is a regency in East Java,Indonesia. It is bordered by Surabaya City and Gresik Regency to the north,by Pasuruan Regency to the south,by Mojokerto Regency to the west,and by the Madura Strait to the east. It has a land area of 719.34 km2,making it the smallest regency in East Java,although it contains many of the southern suburbs of Surabaya and has a high population density.
The Sidoarjo mud flow is the result of an erupting mud volcano in the subdistrict of Porong,Sidoarjo in East Java,Indonesia that has been in eruption since May 2006. It is the biggest mud volcano in the world;responsibility for the disaster was assigned to the blowout of a natural gas well drilled by PT Lapindo Brantas,although company officials contend it was caused by a very distant earthquake that occurred in a different province.
PT Lapindo Brantas is an Indonesian oil and gas exploration company. It was established as a joint venture between PT. Energi Mega Persada Tbk. (50%),PT. Medco Energi Tbk. (32%) and Santos Australia (18%). The Bakrie family,through its investments,held a controlling stake in PT. Energi Mega Persada Tbk. Lapindo Brantas currently employs a staff of 77 permanent and contract employees and 142 personnel working for the company through a third party contract.
Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. The elections returned a president and vice president for the 2009–2014 term. Incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,elected with a 20% margin in the 2004 election,sought a second term against former President Megawati Sukarnoputri in a rematch of the 2004 election,as well as incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla. Securing a majority of the votes in a landslide victory in the first round,Yudhoyono was re-elected without the need to proceed to a second round. Yudhoyono was officially declared the victor of the election on 23 July 2009,by the General Election Commission (KPU). At the time of his re-election victory,Yudhoyono,with nearly 74 million votes in his favour,held the record for the highest number of votes for a single person in any democratic election in history,surpassing Barack Obama's total of 69.5 million votes in the 2008 United States presidential election. His record was surpassed by his respective successors Joko Widodo who won more than 85 million votes in 2019 and Prabowo Subianto who won more than 96 million votes in 2024.
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 9 April 2009 for 132 seats of the Regional Representative Council (DPD) and 560 seats of the People's Representative Council (DPR). A total of 38 parties met the requirements to be allowed to participate in the national elections,with a further six regional parties contesting in Aceh only. The Democratic Party of incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono won the largest share of the vote,followed by Golkar and the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle.
Boediono is an Indonesian politician and economist who served as the 11th vice president of Indonesia from 2009 to 2014. He became vice president after winning the 2009 presidential election together with the then-incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Before this,he had been the Governor of the Indonesian Central Bank and a professor of economics at Gadjah Mada University.
Sri Mulyani Indrawati is an Indonesian economist who currently serves as the Minister of Finance of Indonesia as part of the Onward Indonesia Cabinet;her term ends in 2029.
Rizal Mallarangeng is an Indonesian politician. He served as a senior advisor to Indonesia's Coordinating Economic Minister (2004-2005) and Coordinating Welfare Minister (2005-2008) Aburizal Bakrie. He also served as a member of Golkar Party's Leadership Committee under Aburizal Bakrie and Airlangga Hartarto.
Fahmi Idris was an Indonesian prominent businessman and politician. He was a Minister of Manpower under the Habibie presidency period. During Yudhoyono first term of presidency he became Minister of Industry. In 2005 he being reappointed as Minister of Manpower during Yudhoyono's second term.
Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 9 July 2014,with former general Prabowo Subianto contesting the elections against the governor of Jakarta,Joko Widodo;incumbent president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was constitutionally barred from seeking a third term in office. On 22 July the General Elections Commission (KPU) announced Joko Widodo's victory. He and his vice president,Jusuf Kalla,were sworn-in on 20 October 2014,for a five-year term.
Idrus Marham is an Indonesian politician who served as social affairs minister under President Joko Widodo for seven months in 2018 before resigning because of a corruption scandal. He was jailed in 2019 for taking bribes from a businessman via a legislator to finance his failed bid to become chairman of Golkar Party. He was released from jail in September 2020. Prior to his political career,Idrus was a lecturer at various universities in Jakarta.
The chief justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia is the head of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia.
