Adair County Courthouse (Iowa)

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Adair County Courthouse
Adair County Courthouse Greenfield IA.jpg
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Adair County Courthouse (Iowa)
Interactive map showing the location of Adair County Courthouse
LocationIowa Ave. and 1st St.
Greenfield, Iowa
Coordinates 41°18′17″N94°27′35″W / 41.30472°N 94.45972°W / 41.30472; -94.45972
Arealess than one acre
Built1891
ArchitectS.E. Maxon
Architectural style Romanesque Revival
Part of Greenfield Public Square Historic District (ID14000623)
MPS County Courthouses in Iowa TR
NRHP reference No. 81000224 [1]
Added to NRHPJuly 2, 1981

The Adair County Courthouse, located in Greenfield, Iowa, United States, was built from 1891 to 1892. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. [1] In 2014 it was included as a contributing property in the Greenfield Public Square Historic District. [2] The courthouse is the third structure to house county courts and administration offices.

Contents

History

The county's first courthouse was located in Fontanelle from 1856 to 1874. It was a two-story frame building constructed from locally harvested wood. [3] After the county seat moved to Greenfield the building was used as a school, church, meeting hall and town hall until it was destroyed in a fire in 1910. A two-story courthouse was built in Greenfield for $8,000. It was destroyed by fire in 1889 and courthouse functions moved to a nearby opera house until a new structure was completed. The cornerstone for the present courthouse was laid on July 4, 1891. It was constructed of brick in the Romanesque Revival style at a cost of $26,768. [4]

The courthouse with the tower still in place. FI0006237.jpg
The courthouse with the tower still in place.

In 2024, the town of Greenfield was struck by a violent EF4 tornado that tore the southern part of the town. The tornado narrowly missed striking the Adair County courthouse by as little as 5-6 blocks. [5] [6]

Architecture

The 2½-story brick structure utilizes limestone for the high foundation, the water table, the belt courses at the top of the windows, the capitals of the brick pilasters, and for the arched surround that frames the main entrance. It is capped with a hip roof with gabled dormers. The building originally had a central tower that was removed at some point in the mid-twentieth century. [2] Its significance is derived from its association with county government, and the political power and prestige of Greenfield as the county seat. [7]

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Hotel Greenfield is a boutique hotel located in Greenfield, Iowa, United States. Designed by architect William Gordon, it was completed in 1920 by the Newton Construction Co. Local boosters had the hotel built for $65,000 as a replacement for the Commercial Hotel, which was located on the same spot. The three-story brick structure features a symmetrical facade, round arched windows on the first floor, a projecting classical entrance with columns in the Doric order, and a denticulated brick cornice. The hotel had become dated by the 1970s, and started to decline in significance. ADCO Enterprises bought it in 2010 and renovated it. They added the adjacent Adair County Democrat-Adair County Free Press Building at the same time. It houses the restaurant, lounge, two hotel suites, and the laundry and housekeeping facilities. The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. In 2014 it was included as a contributing property in the Greenfield Public Square Historic District.

Greenfield Public Square Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Greenfield, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014. At the time of its nomination the district consisted of 52 resources, including 42 contributing buildings, one contributing site, six noncontributing buildings, and three noncontributing objects. The historic district covers part of the city's central business district in the center of the original town plat. There is a significant number of one- and two-story, brick, commercial buildings, as well as a few three-story structures. The Commercial Italianate style is dominant. While the vast majority of the buildings are commercial buildings, there are four government buildings in the district: the Adair County Courthouse (1892), public library (1916), city hall (1930), and the municipal light plant (1940). Besides the courthouse, the other buildings that are individually listed on the National Register include Warren Opera House Block and Hetherington Block (1896), Adair County Democrat-Adair County Free Press Building (1903), and the Hotel Greenfield (1920).

References

  1. 1 2 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. 1 2 Molly Myers Naumann. "Greenfield Public Square Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service . Retrieved 2016-08-01.
  3. "Adair County Courthouse". Iowa Judicial Branch. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  4. Stanek, Edward and Jacqueline (1976). Iowa's Magnificent County Courthouses. Des Moines: Wallace-Homestead. p. 8. ISBN   0-87069-189-9.
  5. Sistek, Scott (2024-05-25). "Satellite imagery shows devastation left behind from EF-4 tornado in Greenfield, Iowa". FOX Weather. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  6. Krasznavolgyi, Nick (5-21-24). "X.com (twitter.com)". X.com (Formerly Twitter). Retrieved 8-10-24.{{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  7. M.H. Bowers. "Adair County Courthouse". National Park Service . Retrieved 2017-12-12. with photos