Adama Czartoryskiego street or Czartoryskiego street is a path located in the Old Town District (Polish: Stare Miasto) of Bydgoszcz, Poland. It portrays the industrial development that the city witnessed in the middle of the 19th century.
Located in the old town, the street follows a south-to-north path: stemming from Swiętej Trojcy street, it reaches its northern tip at Focha street.
History
A 1800 Map of Bromberg highlights a road parallel to the Brda river in the area,[1] with less than a dozen plots built.
Lindner map of Bydgoszcz, ca 1800
The first address books of Bromberg, dated 1855, identifies the path as Holz Straße[2] with 10 registered edifices, out of which three were the property of Henrich and Wilhelm Mauß.[2]
Naming
During its existence, the street bore the following names:[3]
1800s - early 1850s, not named;
1855 – 1875, Holzstraße,[2] literally the Wooden road;
1876 – 1920, Mautz Straße in reference to the Mauß (also spelled Mautz) family who owned several houses in the street, as early as the 1850s;
1920 – 1939, Ulica Ks. Adama Czartoryskiego;
1939 – 1945, Mautz Straße;
Since 1945, Ulica Ks. Adama Czartoryskiego (English: Prince Adam Czartoryski street).
This tenement at then Berliner straße 30, was the property of Wilhelm Baesler a smith master,[5] who moved to Bromberg in the mid-1860s. The following landlord was also a smith, Julius Schmiede; his son Erich, a smith master, moved out in the mid-1920s,[6] but lived in Bydgoszcz until the start of World War II.
Both elevations on the street have arc pedimented windows, and the facade on Świętej Trojcy also displays pilasters on its ends. A wrought iron gate parts the building, giving access to a backyard on Czartoryskiego street.
Corner house from the street
Wrought iron gate, with Franke's spirit refinery building in the background
The building housed one of the oldest city plants, Friedrich Eberhard's machine factory and iron foundry, opened in 1846.[7]
The company, known as Maschinenfabrik F. Eberhardt, installed in 1857, 3 horsepower (2.2kW) steam engines in nearby Franke's distillery. A few years later, Eberhardt manufactured there more powerful steam engines, from 20 horsepower (15kW) to 25 horsepower (19kW) for local brick workshops.[8]
Carl August Franke, the founder of the company, came to Bydgoszcz in 1827 from Leszno. At his death (1853), his son Hermann took over the management of the small family spirit distillery, making it a thriving factory.
After a first expansion of the workshops at Podwale street in 1872, the daily of spirit output reached about 3,500 liters. In order to solve the storage issue, Hermann purchased in 1887, a large plot of land at then "Mautz Straße", along the lateral stream bed of the Brda river.[11] The spirit warehouse erected there was equipped with cement cisterns and iron tanks, capable of holding about 1 million liters of spirit (increased shortly to 1.75 million liters).
In 1893, a large and modern refinery factory was added beside the warehouse: together, both plants (the newly built one and the old one on Podwale street) enabled a daily production of 10,000 liters of spirit.
At that time, the firm employed almost 30 people and its working capital attained about 750 000 German gold marks. The plant operated through the interwar period and the German occupation period, but under German ownership.[12] After World War II, the factory has been nationalized and gradually ceased its activity.
in 1874, on the Brda river, at the corner of today's Podwale and Grodzka streets;
in 1894, on the lateral branch river, along Czartoryskiego street.
These facilities, located close to the refineries, used the hot water from the industrial liqueur process. During many years, these bathing houses were the only ones available downtown to meet the needs of the Bromberg residents.[13] With the development of the urban water network, facilities gradually lost their importance after WWI. The bath house at Czartoryskiego housed twelve cabins with bathtubs (1st class) and showers - separate for men and women. The equipment was dismantled in 1935, when the Franke family immigrated to Germany, selling the property back to Polish buyers.[14]
One can notice, a neo mannerist old office building[15] at 6. In the adjoined courtyard there is a bas-relief called Children in a bath, recalling the period when baths used to stand here.[16]
In the mid-1880s, Ernst Till, a smith master, opened there his workshop. At the time, the plot was registered on "Berliner straße" (present day's Swiętej Trojcy Street).[19] Ernst and his descendants owned the place until the 1930s.[20]
Today, the plot is still opened on both streets; the path to Swiętej Trojcy Street leads to the parvise of the Church of the Holy Trinity.
The plot, then at "4 Mautz Strasse", was first owned by Heinrich Mautz in the 1850s, as located at "Holz Straße".[2] In 1890, it became the property of the C.A. Franke" company.[11]
Since 2004, it has been housing a mission of the Congregation of the Baptist Church in Bydgoszcz, the "Centrum Chrześcijańskie KANAAN - Misja BETEZDA" (English: KANAAN Christian Center - BETEZDA Mission).[21]
The plot has been for a long time utilized as a garden. It's only in 1908 that Hermann Franke had this villa erected.[22]
The building has Art Nouveau features and is noticeable by its corner tower topped with a cupola. The entrance porch bears the initial "CF" , in reference to Carl Franke, father of Hermann Franke. The edifice, till the 1980s, used to be the "Civilian Registry Office", especially for weddings. Currently, it hosts various institutions, including the local alliance of Trade Unions.[23]
The plot presents a large early modernist building, giving onto the street.
The oldest edifice, however, is located at the back of the parcel and gives onto the river. It consists of a brick and wattle-and-daub house, supported by rocky foundations.
The house at then Maußstraße 1 has been built by master carpenter Heinrich Mautz for his own use,[25] as he owned a sawmill on the river.[26] Since 1887, the villa housed the military general commanding the Prussian 4th Division billeted in Bromberg.[11] After 1920, the place was owned by the State Treasury of Poland, housing there the general commanding the 15th Infantry Division:[27] in the 1930s, general Wiktor Thommée lived there.[24] During World War II, it was the HQ of the Nazi security forces: a plaque in memoriam has been placed. After World War II, it has housed a municipal branch of the city tax office (Polish: Izba Skarbowa).
The two-storey villa has got very neo-classical features, a set of identical windows one the ground floor and a series of smaller, square openings above. The entry gate on Czartoryskiego street has particularly well adorned lintel and pilasters.
1900 view with the house on the left
Facade on Czartoryskiego street
Plaque on the house
Partial view of the garden
House at 25 Focha street, corner with Czartoryskiego street
The villa has been, from 1836 to 1920, the official residence of the presidents of the Bydgoszcz Regency (German: Regierungsbezirk,Polish: Rejencja), as the northern of two Prussian administrative regions of the Grand Duchy of Posen (1815–49) and the Province of Posen (1849-1918). The president executive office was located in today's Regional Office Building. The first president to occupy the site was Carl von Wissmann.[28] In front of the house ran the Old Bydgoszcz Canal till 1973: opposite the villa was located one of the lock (Polish: Śluza II "Grottgera") at the level of Artur Grottger street. During the evacuation of the city by Prussians in summer 1919, furniture and equipment of the palace was spirited away.
The vast edifice has only one storey. Its elevation on Focha street displays a perfect symmetry with two annexes with vehicle gate on both side. The main entry features typical neo-classical elements: the gate is flanked by two columns, topped by a large lintel. The ensemble is part of an avant-corps crowned by a temple-like triangular pediment.
Villa at Nr.25 in 1914, in front of the Old canal lock
Dworcowa Street is one of the main streets of Bydgoszcz, in Downtown district. Many of its buildings are registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Podwale street is a historic path of Bydgoszcz old town.
Marshal Ferdinand Foch Street or Focha Street is a main street of Bydgoszcz, in Downtown district.
Piotra Skargi street is a historical street of downtown Bydgoszcz.
Świętej Trójcy street is a historical street of downtown Bydgoszcz, Poland, bearing several buildings registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Mikołaja Reja Street is a historical street of downtown Bydgoszcz.
Krakowska street is a small street located in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Bocianowo Street is a 600 metres (2,000 ft) long path in the northern part of Bydgoszcz city. Its facades display various architectural styles and its history sticks with the end-of-19th-century development of the town.
Tadeusza Kościuszki street is a 600 metres (2,000 ft) long avenue in the northern part of Bydgoszcz. Its houses display various various architectural styles. The path is a witness of the end-of-19th-century industrial activity of the city.
Maksymiliana Jackowskiego street is a 500 metres (1,600 ft) long path in the north-west area of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Located near the Brda river, its frontages display a variety of architectural styles, from eclectic to early modernist.
↑ "Names". Książka Adresowa Miasta Bydgoszczy. Bydgoszcz: Władysław Weber. 1926. p.312.
↑ Bromberk, Bartłomiej; Kosecki, Adam; Łaniecki, Sławomir (2021). BYDGOSZCZ PRZEMYSŁOWA DAWNIEJ I DZIŚ[Industrial Bydgoszcz before and today](PDF) (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwa Uczelniane Uniwersytetu Technologiczno-Przyrodniczego. ISBN9788366530379.
↑ Böhm; Schmidt, Erich (1907). Industrie und Gewerbe in Bromberg[Industry and Business in Bromberg] (in German). Bromberg: Dittmann.
↑ Gminna Ewidencja Zabytków Miasta Bydgosky[Communal Register of Monuments of the City of Bydgoszcz] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Miasto Bydgoszczy. 2015. p.10.
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