Aguieira Dam | |
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Official name | Barragem da Aguieira |
Location | municipality Mortagua, Viseu District, Portugal |
Coordinates | 40°20′24.7″N8°11′49.2″W / 40.340194°N 8.197000°W Coordinates: 40°20′24.7″N8°11′49.2″W / 40.340194°N 8.197000°W |
Status | Operational |
Construction began | 1972 |
Opening date | 1981 |
Owner(s) | Companhia Portuguesa de Produção de Electricidade |
Dam and spillways | |
Type of dam | Concrete multiple arch dam |
Impounds | Mondego River |
Height (foundation) | 89 m (292 ft) |
Length | 400 m (1,300 ft) |
Elevation at crest | 125 m (410 ft) |
Dam volume | 365,000 m3 (12,900,000 cu ft) |
Spillway type | On the dam body |
Spillway capacity | 2,080 m³ |
Reservoir | |
Total capacity | 423,000,000 m3 (343,000 acre⋅ft) |
Active capacity | 304,000,000 m3 (246,000 acre⋅ft) |
Surface area | 20 km2 (7.7 sq mi) |
Normal elevation | 117 m (384 ft) |
Operator(s) | Energias de Portugal |
Commission date | 1981 |
Type | Pumped-storage |
Hydraulic head | 71.6 m (235 ft) (max) |
Turbines | 3 x 112.4 MW Francis-type |
Installed capacity | 336 MW |
Annual generation | 209.9 GWh |
Aguieira Dam (Portuguese: Barragem da Aguieira) also known as Foz do Dão Dam (Portuguese: Barragem da Foz do Dão) is a concrete multiple arch dam on the Mondego River, where the river forms the border line between the districts of Coimbra and Viseu. It is located in the municipality Penacova, in Coimbra District, Portugal.
Concrete, usually Portland cement concrete, is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time—most frequently a lime-based cement binder, such as Portland cement, but sometimes with other hydraulic cements, such as a calcium aluminate cement. It is distinguished from other, non-cementitious types of concrete all binding some form of aggregate together, including asphalt concrete with a bitumen binder, which is frequently used for road surfaces, and polymer concretes that use polymers as a binder.
An arch dam is a concrete dam that is curved upstream in plan. The arch dam is designed so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, compressing and strengthening the structure as it pushes into its foundation or abutments. An arch dam is most suitable for narrow canyons or gorges with steep walls of stable rock to support the structure and stresses. Since they are thinner than any other dam type, they require much less construction material, making them economical and practical in remote areas.
The Rio Mondego is the longest river located exclusively in Portuguese territory. It has its source in Serra da Estrela, the highest mountain range in mainland Portugal. It runs 234 kilometres (145 mi) from the Gouveia municipality, at 1,425 metres (4,675 ft) above sea level in Serra da Estrela, to its mouth in the Atlantic Ocean next to the city of Figueira da Foz.
Construction of the dam began in 1972. The dam was completed in 1981. It is owned by Companhia Portuguesa de Produção de Electricidade (CPPE). Besides power production the dam is also used for flood control, water supply and irrigation. [1]
Aguieira Dam is an 89 m tall (height above foundation) and 400 m long multiple arch dam with a crest altitude of 125 m. The volume of the dam is 365,000 m³. The dam contains 2 crest spillways (maximum discharge 2,080 m³/s) and one bottom outlet (maximum discharge 180 m³/s). [1]
A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a dam or levee into a downstream area, typically the riverbed of the dammed river itself. In the United Kingdom, they may be known as overflow channels. Spillways ensure that the water does not overflow and damage or destroy the dam.
At full reservoir level of 117 m (maximum flood level of 126 m) the reservoir of the dam has a surface area of 20 km² and its total capacity is 423 mio. m³. Its active capacity is 304 (216 [2] or 253 [3] ) mio. m³. Minimum operating level is 100 m. [1] With the 216 mio. m³ water 39.2 GWh can be produced. [2] The reservoir submerged the villages of Breda (in the municipality of Mortágua) and Foz do Dão (in the municipality of Santa Comba Dão).
Mortágua is a municipality in the district of Viseu, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 9,607, in an area of 251.18 km².
Santa Comba Dão is a city and a municipality in the Viseu District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 11,597, in an area of 111.95 km². The city proper has a population of 3,300.
The power plant went operational in 1981. It is a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station. It is owned by CPPE, but operated by EDP and Iberdrola. [4] [5] The plant has a nameplate capacity of 336 [2] [4] (270) [1] [3] MW. Its average annual generation is 209.9 [2] (193, [6] 209.6 [1] [4] or 256 [3] ) GWh.
Pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH), or pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES), is a type of hydroelectric energy storage used by electric power systems for load balancing. The method stores energy in the form of gravitational potential energy of water, pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation. Low-cost surplus off-peak electric power is typically used to run the pumps. During periods of high electrical demand, the stored water is released through turbines to produce electric power. Although the losses of the pumping process makes the plant a net consumer of energy overall, the system increases revenue by selling more electricity during periods of peak demand, when electricity prices are highest.
Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower. In 2015, hydropower generated 16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of all renewable electricity, and was expected to increase about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years.
EDP - Energias de Portugal ranks among Europe's major electricity operators, as well as being one of Portugal's largest business groups.
The power station contains 3 Francis turbine-generators with 112.4 MW each in a surface powerhouse at the toe of the dam. The turbine rotation is 125 rpm. The minimum hydraulic head is 53.4 m, the maximum 71.6 m. Maximum flow per turbine is 180 m³/s. When pumping, the turbine has a maximum energy consumption of 91 MW and can pump 156 m³/s. [2]
The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B. Francis in Lowell, Massachusetts. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts.
Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a vertical datum.
As lower reservoir for Aguieira the reservoir of Raiva dam is used. [6]
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