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Delayed puberty is when a person lacks or has incomplete development of specific sexual characteristics past the usual age of onset of puberty. The person may have no physical or hormonal signs that puberty has begun. In the United States, girls are considered to have delayed puberty if they lack breast development by age 13 or have not started menstruating by age 15. Boys are considered to have delayed puberty if they lack enlargement of the testicles by age 14. Delayed puberty affects about 2% of adolescents.
Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome is an overgrowth disorder usually present at birth, characterized by an increased risk of childhood cancer and certain congenital features. A minority (<15%) of cases of BWS are familial, meaning that a close relative may also have BWS, and parents of an affected child may be at increased risk of having other children with BWS. While children with BWS are at increased risk of childhood cancer, most children with BWS do not develop cancer and the vast majority of children who do develop cancer can be treated successfully.
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia describes the condition and effects of low blood glucose caused by excessive insulin. Hypoglycemia due to excess insulin is the most common type of serious hypoglycemia. It can be due to endogenous or injected insulin.
Pediatric endocrinology is a medical subspecialty dealing with disorders of the endocrine glands, such as variations of physical growth and sexual development in childhood, diabetes and many more.
Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI or HI) is a rare condition causing severe hypoglycemia in newborns due to the overproduction of insulin. There are various causes of CHI, some of which are known to be the result of a genetic mutation. Sometimes CHI occurs on its own (isolated) and more rarely associated with other medical conditions.
Octreotide, sold under the brand name Sandostatin among others, is an octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically, though it is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than the natural hormone. It was first synthesized in 1979 by the chemist Wilfried Bauer, and binds predominantly to the somatostatin receptors SSTR2 and SSTR5.
Pediatric nursing is part of the nursing profession, specifically revolving around the care of neonates and children up to adolescence. The word, pediatrics, comes from the Greek words 'paedia' (child) and 'iatrike' (physician). 'Paediatrics' is the British/Australian spelling, while 'pediatrics' is the American spelling.
GLUD1 is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme, one of the family of glutamate dehydrogenases that are ubiquitous in life, with a key role in nitrogen and glutamate (Glu) metabolism and energy homeostasis. This dehydrogenase is expressed at high levels in liver, brain, pancreas and kidney, but not in muscle. In the pancreatic cells, GLUD1 is thought to be involved in insulin secretion mechanisms. In nervous tissue, where glutamate is present in concentrations higher than in the other tissues, GLUD1 appears to function in both the synthesis and the catabolism of glutamate and perhaps in ammonia detoxification.
Seale Harris was an American physician and researcher born in Cedartown, Georgia. He was nicknamed "the Benjamin Franklin of Medicine" by contemporaries for his leadership and writing on a wide range of medical and political topics. Dr. Harris' most celebrated accomplishments were his 1924 hypothesis of hyperinsulinism as a cause of spontaneous hypoglycemia.
Kir6.2 is a major subunit of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel, a lipid-gated inward-rectifier potassium ion channel. The gene encoding the channel is called KCNJ11 and mutations in this gene are associated with congenital hyperinsulinism.
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Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HADH) is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the HADH gene.
Ieuan Arwel Hughes is a paediatric endocrinologist and an emeritus professor of paediatrics at the University of Cambridge. Hughes is most notable for long-standing research into disorders of sex development (DSD), established one of the largest and most comprehensive databases of cases of DSD including publishing the Consensus on DSD management framework which, barely eight years after its publication, is now already accepted worldwide as the framework for care of patients and families with DSD.
Thomas Martin Barratt was a British paediatrician and professor of paediatric nephrology. Barratt was most notable for developing a specialist service for children with kidney diseases in Britain, bringing peritoneal dialysis, haemodialysis, and later renal transplantation to ever younger children. Barratt was an early advocate for multidisciplinary care and developed a model that was later taken up by many other specialist centres across the world. His research led to a new treatments for many types of childhood kidney diseases., and for research into childhood Nephrotic syndrome and Hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
Sir Alan William Craft is a British paediatric oncologist and Emeritus Professor of Child Health at Newcastle University. Craft was most notable for work as one of nine founders of the Children's Cancer Study Group, focusing his research on paediatric oncology, especially the epidemiology of bone tumours that further led to an oncology research unit which has been involved in aetiological studies and in particular the role of irradiation in the development of childhood cancer.
David Dunger was a British paediatric endocrinologist and chair of paediatrics at the University of Cambridge. Dunger was most notable for research into three areas, pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and its complications, perinatal origins of risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes along with experimental medicine.
Lewis Spitz is a paediatric surgeon who is internationally recognised as a leader in paediatric surgery and is known for his work on congenital abnormalities of the oesophagus, particularly oesophageal atresia, oesophageal replacement and gastroesophageal reflux especially in neurologically impaired children. He championed the plight of children with cerebral palsy and other congenital disorders; demonstrating that appropriate surgery could improve their quality of life. He is the leading authority in the management of conjoined twins and is recognised as the foremost international expert in this field. Spitz is the Emeritus Nuffield Professor of Paediatric Surgery.
James Johnston Mason Brown OBE, FRCSEd was a Scottish paediatric surgeon. During World War II he served as a surgical specialist with the 8th Army in North Africa and Italy and was awarded the OBE for this service. As surgeon-in-chief at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Edinburgh, he edited the major textbook The Surgery of Childhood. He was the joint founder of the Scottish Surgical Paediatric Society and a founder member of the British Association of Paediatric Surgeons (BAPS), of which he became president. He was elected President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd) in 1962 but died in office aged 56 years.
Sir Christopher John "Jack" Dewhurst was a British gynecologist. He was Professor and Head of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London University, from 1967 to 1985. He served as president of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists from 1975 to 1978.
References
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- ↑ Aynsley-Green, A. (2006). Bullying Today (PDF) (Report). London: Office of the Children's Commissioner. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
- ↑ "Aynsley-Green, Sir Albert, (born 30 May 1943), Founder and Director, Aynsley-Green Consulting, since 2010; Children's Commissioner for England, 2005–10; Nuffield Professor of Child Health, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 1993–2005, now Emeritus; President, British Medical Association, 2015–16". Aynsley-Green, Sir Albert. 2007. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U6070. ISBN 978-0-19-954088-4 . Retrieved 3 November 2018.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Sir Al Aynsley-Green". The Conversation. Profile: The Conversation Trust. 22 October 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- 1 2 Aynsley-Green, Albert (2007). "Reflections on Children, Child Health and Society" (PDF). Nuffield Trust. Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Fellowship Lecture. p. 6. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- 1 2 Aynsley-Green, A.; Barker, Maggie; Morgan, John; Turner, Tom; Waterston, Tony (22 July 2000). "Who is speaking for children and adolescents and for their health at the policy level?". BMJ. 321 (7255): 229–232. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7255.229. PMC 1118224 . PMID 10903661.
- ↑ The Lancet (August 2001). "Time to be serious about children's health care". The Lancet. 358 (9280): 431. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05606-9. S2CID 2874279.
- ↑ Health, Department of. "National Clinical Directors". National Archives. Email message: UK Government. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ↑ "Yesterday in Parliament". Telegraph Media Group. The Telegraph. 19 July 2001. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
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- ↑ "National service framework: children, young people and maternity services" (pdf). United Kingdom Government. UK Gov. 4 October 2004. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- ↑ "England kids' champion appointed". CBBC. NewsRound. 2 March 2005. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- 1 2 Wardrop, Murray (3 February 2010). "'Britain is one of world's most unfriendly countries towards children'". Telegraph Media Group. The Telegraph. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- 1 2 Wilby, Peter. "Children's champion". Guardian News and Media Limited. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- ↑ "Sir Al Aynsley-Green". The Conversation. The Conversation Trust (UK) Limited. 22 October 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- 1 2 "A champion for children: Sir Al Aynsley-Green". British Medical Association. BMA. 26 February 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- ↑ Vevers, Vevers (2 May 2007). "Impact of Al Aynsley-Green as children's commissioner questioned". Community Care group. MA Education. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- 1 2 "UK Children's Commissioners' Report to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child" (PDF). Children’s Commissioner for Wales. June 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- ↑ Hollins, Sheila; Porter, Mark; Chand, Kailash; Hajioff, Steve; Dearden, Andrew; Mansfield, Averil; Dangerfield, Peter; Datta, Shreelata; Davis, Lucy-Jane; Harding, Louise; Maguire, Peter; Moorthy, Ram; Rees, Michael; Steadman, Philip; Thomson, Andrew; De Souza, Beryl (May 2013). Growing up in the UK - BMA (pdf). British Medical Association: BMA Board of Science. p. ix. ISBN 978-0-9575831-0-8 . Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ↑ Kennedy, Ian (16 September 2010). "Getting it right for children and young people: Overcoming cultural barriers in the NHS so as to meet their needs" (pdf). UK Government. Department of Health. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ↑ "Sir Al Aynsley-Green appointed". Church of England. Diocese of Salisbury. 17 November 2010. Archived from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- ↑ "AYNSLEY-GREEN, Albert, Sir". Companies House. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- ↑ "Previous Winners". European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. ESPE. 1991. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
- ↑ Stewart, William (23 June 2006). "Head knighted for double act". Times Educational Supplement . Retrieved 2 September 2018.
- ↑ "Honorary Fellows". Oriel College Oxford. University of Oxford. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- ↑ "Honorary graduates". Nottingham Trent University Alumni. Nottingham: Nottingham Trent University. 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
- ↑ Ferguson, Donna (23 October 2018). "Britain has created a crisis in childhood, says former children's commissioner". Guardian News and Media Limited. The Guardian . Retrieved 3 November 2018.
