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Delayed puberty is when a person lacks or has incomplete development of specific sexual characteristics past the usual age of onset of puberty. The person may have no physical or hormonal signs that puberty has begun. In the United States, girls are considered to have delayed puberty if they lack breast development by age 13 or have not started menstruating by age 15. Boys are considered to have delayed puberty if they lack enlargement of the testicles by age 14. Delayed puberty affects about 2% of adolescents.
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Pediatric endocrinology is a medical subspecialty dealing with disorders of the endocrine glands, such as variations of physical growth and sexual development in childhood, diabetes and many more.
Congenital hyperinsulinism (HI or CHI) is a rare condition causing severe hypoglycemia in newborns due to the overproduction of insulin. There are various causes of HI, some of which are known to be the result of a genetic mutation. Sometimes HI occurs on its own (isolated) and more rarely associated with other medical conditions.
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Pediatric nursing is part of the nursing profession, specifically revolving around the care of neonates and children up to adolescence. The word, pediatrics, comes from the Greek words 'paedia' (child) and 'iatrike' (physician). 'Paediatrics' is the British/Australian spelling, while 'pediatrics' is the American spelling.
GLUD1 is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme, one of the family of glutamate dehydrogenases that are ubiquitous in life, with a key role in nitrogen and glutamate (Glu) metabolism and energy homeostasis. This dehydrogenase is expressed at high levels in liver, brain, pancreas and kidney, but not in muscle. In the pancreatic cells, GLUD1 is thought to be involved in insulin secretion mechanisms. In nervous tissue, where glutamate is present in concentrations higher than in the other tissues, GLUD1 appears to function in both the synthesis and the catabolism of glutamate and perhaps in ammonia detoxification.
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Intersex people in the United Kingdom face significant gaps in legal protections, particularly in protection from non-consensual medical interventions, and protection from discrimination. Actions by intersex civil society organisations aim to eliminate unnecessary medical interventions and harmful practices, promote social acceptance, and equality in line with Council of Europe and United Nations demands. Intersex civil society organisations campaign for greater social acceptance, understanding of issues of bodily autonomy, and recognition of the human rights of intersex people.
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Thomas Martin Barratt was a British paediatrician and professor of paediatric nephrology. Barratt was most notable for developing a specialist service for children with kidney diseases in Britain, bringing peritoneal dialysis, haemodialysis, and later renal transplantation to ever younger children. Barratt was an early advocate for multidisciplinary care and developed a model that was later taken up by many other specialist centres across the world. His research led to a new treatments for many types of childhood kidney diseases., and for research into childhood Nephrotic syndrome and Hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
Sir Alan William Craft is a British paediatric oncologist and Emeritus Professor of Child Health at Newcastle University. Craft was most notable for work as one of nine founders of the Children's Cancer Study Group, focusing his research on paediatric oncology, especially the epidemiology of bone tumours that further led to an oncology research unit which has been involved in aetiological studies and in particular the role of irradiation in the development of childhood cancer.
David Dunger was a British paediatric endocrinologist and chair of paediatrics at the University of Cambridge. Dunger was most notable for research into three areas, pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and its complications, perinatal origins of risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes along with experimental medicine.
Lewis Spitz is a paediatric surgeon who is internationally recognised as a leader in paediatric surgery and is known for his work on congenital abnormalities of the oesophagus, particularly oesophageal atresia, oesophageal replacement and gastroesophageal reflux especially in neurologically impaired children. He championed the plight of children with cerebral palsy and other congenital disorders; demonstrating that appropriate surgery could improve their quality of life. He is the leading authority in the management of conjoined twins and is recognised as the foremost international expert in this field. Spitz is the Emeritus Nuffield Professor of Paediatric Surgery.
Sir Christopher John "Jack" Dewhurst was a British gynecologist. He was Professor and Head of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London University, from 1967 to 1985. He served as president of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists from 1975 to 1978.
References
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- ↑ Aynsley-Green, A. (2006). Bullying Today (PDF) (Report). London: Office of the Children's Commissioner. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
- ↑ "Aynsley-Green, Sir Albert, (born 30 May 1943), Founder and Director, Aynsley-Green Consulting, since 2010; Children's Commissioner for England, 2005–10; Nuffield Professor of Child Health, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 1993–2005, now Emeritus; President, British Medical Association, 2015–16". Aynsley-Green, Sir Albert. A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury. 2007. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U6070. ISBN 978-0-19-954088-4 . Retrieved 3 November 2018.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Sir Al Aynsley-Green". The Conversation. Profile: The Conversation Trust. 22 October 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- 1 2 Aynsley-Green, Albert (2007). "Reflections on Children, Child Health and Society" (PDF). Nuffield Trust. Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Fellowship Lecture. p. 6. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- 1 2 Aynsley-Green, A.; Barker, Maggie; Morgan, John; Turner, Tom; Waterston, Tony (22 July 2000). "Who is speaking for children and adolescents and for their health at the policy level?". BMJ. 321 (7255): 229–232. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7255.229. PMC 1118224 . PMID 10903661.
- ↑ The Lancet (August 2001). "Time to be serious about children's health care". The Lancet. 358 (9280): 431. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05606-9. S2CID 2874279.
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- ↑ "National service framework: children, young people and maternity services" (pdf). United Kingdom Government. UK Gov. 4 October 2004. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- ↑ "England kids' champion appointed". CBBC. NewsRound. 2 March 2005. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- 1 2 Wardrop, Murray (3 February 2010). "'Britain is one of world's most unfriendly countries towards children'". Telegraph Media Group. The Telegraph. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- 1 2 Wilby, Peter. "Children's champion". Guardian News and Media Limited. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- ↑ "Sir Al Aynsley-Green". The Conversation. The Conversation Trust (UK) Limited. 22 October 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- 1 2 "A champion for children: Sir Al Aynsley-Green". British Medical Association. BMA. 26 February 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- ↑ Vevers, Vevers (2 May 2007). "Impact of Al Aynsley-Green as children's commissioner questioned". Community Care group. MA Education. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- 1 2 "UK Children's Commissioners' Report to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child" (PDF). Children’s Commissioner for Wales. June 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- ↑ Hollins, Sheila; Porter, Mark; Chand, Kailash; Hajioff, Steve; Dearden, Andrew; Mansfield, Averil; Dangerfield, Peter; Datta, Shreelata; Davis, Lucy-Jane; Harding, Louise; Maguire, Peter; Moorthy, Ram; Rees, Michael; Steadman, Philip; Thomson, Andrew; De Souza, Beryl (May 2013). Growing up in the UK - BMA (pdf). British Medical Association: BMA Board of Science. p. ix. ISBN 978-0-9575831-0-8 . Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ↑ Kennedy, Ian (16 September 2010). "Getting it right for children and young people: Overcoming cultural barriers in the NHS so as to meet their needs" (pdf). UK Government. Department of Health. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ↑ "Sir Al Aynsley-Green appointed". Church of England. Diocese of Salisbury. 17 November 2010. Archived from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- ↑ "AYNSLEY-GREEN, Albert, Sir". Companies House. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- ↑ "Previous Winners". European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. ESPE. 1991. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
- ↑ Stewart, William (23 June 2006). "Head knighted for double act". Times Educational Supplement . Retrieved 2 September 2018.
- ↑ "Honorary Fellows". Oriel College Oxford. University of Oxford. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- ↑ "Honorary graduates". Nottingham Trent University Alumni. Nottingham: Nottingham Trent University. 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
- ↑ Ferguson, Donna (23 October 2018). "Britain has created a crisis in childhood, says former children's commissioner". Guardian News and Media Limited. The Guardian . Retrieved 3 November 2018.
