The Caucasus Mountains is a mountain range at the intersection of Asia and Europe. Stretching between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, they are surrounded by the Caucasus region and are home to Mount Elbrus, the highest peak in Europe at 5,642 metres (18,510 ft) above sea level.
The Iranian Plateau or Persian Plateau is a geological feature spanning parts of Central Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. It makes up part of the Eurasian Plate, and is wedged between the Arabian Plate and the Indian Plate. The plateau is situated between the Zagros Mountains to the west, the Caspian Sea and the Köpet Dag to the north, the Armenian Highlands and the Caucasus Mountains to the northwest, the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf to the south, and the Indian subcontinent to the east.
The Zagros Mountains are a long mountain range in Iran, northern Iraq, and southeastern Turkey. The mountain range has a total length of 1,600 km (990 mi). The Zagros range begins in northwestern Iran and roughly follows Iran's western border while covering much of southeastern Turkey and northeastern Iraq. From this border region, the range continues southeast under also the waters of the Persian Gulf. It spans the southern parts of the Armenian highlands, the whole length of the western and southwestern Iranian plateau, ending at the Strait of Hormuz. The highest point is Mount Dena, at 4,409 metres (14,465 ft).
Zhetysu or Jeti-Suu, also transcribed Zhetisu, Jetisuw, Jetysu, Jeti-su or Jity-su, is a historical name of a part of Central Asia corresponding to the southeastern part of modern Kazakhstan.
Quchan is a city in the Central District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is approximately 97 km south of the border city of Ashgabat, capital city of neighboring Turkmenistan.
The Köpet Dag, Kopet Dagh, or Koppeh Dagh, also known as the Turkmen-Khorasan Mountain Range, is a mountain range on the border between Turkmenistan and Iran that extends about 650 kilometres (400 mi) along the border southeast of the Caspian Sea, stretching northwest-southeast from near the Caspian Sea in the northwest to the Harirud River in the southeast. In the southwest it borders on the parallel eastern endings of the Alborz mountains being together part of the much larger Alpide belt. The highest peak of the range in Turkmenistan is the Mount Rizeh, located at the southwest of the capital Ashgabat and stands at 2,940 metres (9,646 ft). The highest Iranian summit is Mount Quchan at 3,191 metres (10,469 ft).
The Karkas mountain chain is a mountain range in central Iran. Having a northwest-southeast direction, it is stretched from Kashan to Ardestan for more than 100 kilometres. With an elevation of 3895 metres, the highest peak of the Karkas Mountains is Mount Karkas which is situated close to Natanz.
Orography of Azerbaijan refers to the rocky, mountainous and elevated terrains in Azerbaijan. The tectonic structure is typical for the orography of the country. The main morphostructural units are the Greater Caucasus, the Lesser Caucasus, the Gusar plane, the Samur-Devechi lowland, the Kur intermountain trough, the Karabagh volcanic highland, the near and middle Araz Ridges and Talysh Mountains.
Talysh Mountains is a mountain range in far southeastern Azerbaijan and far northwestern Iran within Ardabil Province and Gilan Province.
The Alborz range, also spelled as Alburz, Elburz or Elborz, is a mountain range in northern Iran that stretches from the border of Azerbaijan along the western and entire southern coast of the Caspian Sea and finally runs northeast and merges into the smaller Aladagh Mountains and borders in the northeast on the parallel mountain ridge Kopet Dag in the northern parts of Khorasan. All these mountains are part of the much larger Alpide belt. The Alborz range is divided into the Western, Central, and Eastern Alborz Mountains. The Western Alborz Range runs south-southeastward almost along the western coast of the Caspian Sea. The Central Alborz runs from west to east along the entire southern coast of the Caspian Sea, while the Eastern Alborz Range runs in a northeasterly direction, toward the northern parts of the Khorasan region, southeast of the Caspian Sea. Mount Damavand, the highest mountain in Iran measuring 5,610.0 m, is located in the Central Alborz Mountains. Mount Damavand is the 12th most prominent peak in the world and the second most prominent in Asia after Mount Everest.
Aladagh Rural District is in the Central District of Bojnord County, North Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Khush Manzar. It takes its name from the Aladagh Mountains, deriving from Turkish ala dağ, meaning "variegated or speckled mountain (range)."
The Binalud Mountain Range or the Binalud Range is a mountain range that runs in a northwest-southeast direction between the Nishapur and Mashhad regions in Razavi Khorasan Province in northeastern Iran, to the southeast of the Caspian Sea. Although far from the Aladagh Mountains, which lie to the northwest in the Province of North Khorasan, the Binalud Mountains are located in such a way that both the Aladagh Mountains and the Binalud Range lie approximately in the same arc, curving from the northwest to the southeast. The city of Mashhad is located in the northeastern part of the Binalud Range, and the city of Nishapur or Neyshabur lies on the southwestern section of the range. Situated somewhat to the west of the Binalud Range proper, and with an elevation of 3,211 metres, Mount Binalud is the highest point both of the Binalud Mountains and of Razavi Khorasan Province as a whole.
With an elevation of 3,032 metres, Mount Shahjahan is the highest point in the Aladagh Mountains and North Khorasan Province in the northeastern Iran. This peak is located in the southeastern part of the Aladagh Range. The cities of Faruj and Shirvan are situated in the northeast and the north, respectively, the city of Esfarayen lies to the west, and Bojnurd, the capital of North Khorasan, is to the northwest. Mainly formed in the Miocene and the Pliocene, Mount Shahjahan is made chiefly of Jurassic rocks.
The Bashagard Mountains or the Bashagerd Mountains is a mountain range that is located in southeast of Iran. The mountain range runs in an arc almost in a northwest-southeast direction from eastern parts of Hormozgan Province along the border with Kerman Province and stretching into southern part of Sistan and Baluchestan Province. With an elevation of 2185 metres, Mount Buniken is the highest point of the range located in the western section of the Bashagard Mountains, east of Sardasht in Bashagard County in Hormozgan Province, and in the vicinity of a place that marks the borders of Kerman, Hormozgan, and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces. Made of ophiolite, an assemblage of mafic igneous rocks representing remnants of former oceanic crust, the mountain range was formed finally in the Miocene and the Pliocene during the Alpine orogeny. The mountain range is located in a region with a hot semi-desert climate.
The Jaghatai Mountain Range is located in the western part of Razavi Khorasan Province in northeast Iran. Running in a northwest-southeast direction, the Jaghatai Range stretches from the west and southwest of the town of Jaghatai in the northwest to the northeast and east of the city of Sabzevar in the southeast. With an elevation of 2945 metres, Mount Zar is the highest point of the range. Mount Nazargah is situated in the central part of the range, northwest of the city of Sabzevar. The mountain range is located in a region with a cold semi-desert climate.
Kuhbonan Mountains or Kuhbonan Highlands,, are a group of mountains that are located in the northern part of Kerman Province in Iran. Stretching in a northwest-southeast direction, the mountain range is situated in the northwestern, eastern, and southeastern part of the city of Kerman, northeast of the town of Zarand, and southwest of the town of Ravar. With an elevation of 4233 metres, the highest point of the range is Mount Pelvar or Mount Palvar which is located southeast of the city of Kerman and about 25 kilometres east of the town of Mahan.
The main points that are discussed in the geology of Iran include the study of the geological and structural units or zones; stratigraphy; magmatism and igneous rocks; ophiolite series and ultramafic rocks; and orogenic events in Iran.
Qaflankuh or Qaflankuh Mountain Range is a mountain range that is located about 20 kilometres north of the city of Zanjan in Zanjan Province, Iran. With an average width of almost 20 kilometres and a length of about 100 kilometres, this mountain range is stretched in a northwest–southeast direction, beginning from northwest of Zanjan, passing north of Zanjan and ending southeast of Zanjan. The Qezel Owzan River flows in a valley that separates Qaflankuh Mountains on the south from Talish Mountains on the north. With an elevation of 2971 metres, Mount Sendan Dagh is the highest mountain of the range which is located in the southeast section of this mountain range. There are some mineral hot springs containing sulphur in different parts of this range. Geologically, Qaflankuh Mountain Range was formed during the Tertiary volcanism and plutonism and is made mainly of the Eocene volcanic rocks with very small sections of intrusive rocks in the northern and southern parts of the range.
Hezar Masjed Mountains are a group of mountains that form the southeastern section of the Kopet-Dag Range. Located about 20 kilometres east of Dargaz and 70 kilometres north of Mashhad in Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran and stretched in a northwest-southeast direction, the mountains are situated almost at the extreme northeastern part of Iran.
The Sahand-Bazman Volcanic and Plutonic Belt or the Sahand-Bazman Igneous Arc or the Central Iranian Range is a mountain range that is made by igneous and pyroclastic rocks. Located East and almost parallel to the Zagros Mountains, the Central Iranian Range is stretched in a north-west-southeast direction from Mount Sahand in Azerbaijan in the north-west to Mount Bazman in Baluchistan in the Southeastern part of Iran. This range was mainly formed during the Tertiary volcanic and orogenic phase and especially in the Eocene volcanism and plutonism. The Central Iranian Range or the Sahand-Bazman Volcanic Belt includes famous mountains such as the Sahand in East Azerbaijan Province, Mount Karkas in the Karkas Mountains and Mount Marshenan in Isfahan Province, the Jebal Barez, Mount Hezar and Mount Lalehzar in Kerman Province, and the Bazman in the Sistan va Baluchestan Province of Iran.
