Albania–Hungary relations

Last updated
Albanian–Hungarian relations
Albania Hungary Locator.svg
Flag of Albania.svg
Albania 		Flag of Hungary.svg
Hungary

Albania has an embassy in Budapest and Hungary has an embassy and a consular office in Tirana. The history of diplomatic relations of Albania and Hungary dates back to 1912, when Albania declared its independence on November 28, 1912.

Contents

The countries are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. As a European Union (EU) member, Hungary supports Albania in its euro-integration path. [1] [2]

History

Both countries experienced Ottoman rule and in some cases rebelled against it, historically including the alliance between John Hunyadi and Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg. In the Great Turkish War, Albanian Catholic leaders Pjetër Bogdani and Toma Raspasani rallied Kosovo Albanian Catholics and Muslims to the pro-Austrian cause. [3] After the Great Turkish War, Hungary was absorbed into the Hapsburg domain, while Albanian inhabited regions remained part of the Ottoman Empire and experienced a period of economic and societal breakdown, which saw large numbers of Catholics from Kosovo flee to north to arrive in Budapest, [3] [4] and the widespread Islamization due to extremely steep increases in the poll tax by Ottoman authorities as well as instances of forced conversion. [4] [5] [6] [7] Albanian Catholicism survived in the mountainous Northwest of Albania with significant aid from Austro-Hungarian clerics. Austro-Hungarian funded Catholic schools were the only schools where Albanians were able to study in their native language during Ottoman rule, and as a result many of their students would contribute to the emergence of Albanian nationalism, as did some Hungarian intellectuals such as Franz Nopcsa.

Albanian Independence

Austria-Hungary was a key proponent of Albanian independence and opposed attempts by Slavic nations to dominate Albanian lands. Austro-Hungarian diplomatic assistance was critical for the expulsion of the Serbian and Montenegrin armies from Durrës and Shkodër in 1912, during the First Balkan War. [8] After Albanian independence, King Zog married a Hungarian woman, Géraldine Apponyi de Nagyappony. In the early 20th century, Albania and Hungary shared a situation where large numbers of Albanians and Hungarians resided outside of their respective new borders, and both saw the rise of irredentist movements that aimed to create Greater Hungary and Greater Albania, but were obstructed by the relative strength of surrounding countries.

During World War II, both countries came under the control of Axis-allied regimes, followed by the domination of Communist parties allied to Moscow. Albanian-Hungarian relations came to a halt after the Soviet-Albanian split, but were resuscitated after the fall of Communism.

Relations during Cold War

After WWII, both countries intensified relations by being part of the Eastern Bloc and they were founding members of the Warsaw Pact, which was a collective defence treaty established by the Soviet Union and its satellite states, including both Albania and Czechoslovakia. [9] In 1961, bilateral relations were degraded at the level of Charge d'Affaires. [10]

The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the People's Republic of Albania and the Socialist Republic of Romania participated in the invasion. Albania formally withdrew form the Warsaw Pact in 1968 over the matter. [11]

Bilateral relations with the Czech Republic

Bilateral relations were upgraded on the Ambassadorial level in 1992. The Czech Republic has provided and continues to provide a significant contribution to the integration process of Albania into the European Union. [12]

In 2011, Czech exports to Albania totaled to 28.3 million EUR, while imports from Albania came to 4.7 million. [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Balkans</span> Region of southeastern Europe

The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the whole of Bulgaria. The Balkan Peninsula is bordered by the Adriatic Sea in the northwest, the Ionian Sea in the southwest, the Aegean Sea in the south, the Turkish straits in the east, and the Black Sea in the northeast. The northern border of the peninsula is variously defined. The highest point of the Balkans is Musala, 2,925 metres (9,596 ft), in the Rila mountain range, Bulgaria.

The foreign relations of Albania are its relations with other governments and peoples. Foreign relations are conducted through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Tirana. The current minister is Igli Hasani. The current Ambassador to the United Nations is Ferit Hoxha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of Serbia</span> 1882–1918 Country In Southeast Europe

The Kingdom of Serbia was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882. Since 1817, the Principality was ruled by the Obrenović dynasty. The Principality, under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, de facto achieved full independence when the very last Ottoman troops left Belgrade in 1867. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 recognized the formal independence of the Principality of Serbia, and in its composition Nišava, Pirot, Toplica and Vranje districts entered the South part of Serbia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Balkan Federation</span> Proposed country

In late 19th and throughout the 20th century, the establishment of a Balkan Federation had been a recurrent suggestion of various political factions in the Balkans. The concept of a Balkan federation emerged in the late 19th century among left-wing political forces in the region. The central aim was to establish a new political unity: a common federal republic unifying the Balkan Peninsula on the basis of internationalism, socialism, social solidarity, and economic equality. The underlying vision was that, despite differences among the region's ethnic groups, the historical need for emancipation was a common basis for unification.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Principality of Albania</span> Monarchy in Albania from 1914 to 1925

The Principality of Albania was a short-lived monarchy in Albania, headed by Wilhelm, Prince of Albania, that lasted from the Treaty of London of 1913 which ended the First Balkan War, through the invasions of Albania during World War I and the subsequent disputes over Albanian independence during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, until 1925, when the monarchy was abolished and the Albanian Republic declared.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russia–Serbia relations</span> Bilateral relations

Russia–Serbia relations are the bilateral foreign relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia. The countries established official diplomatic relations as the Russian Empire and Principality of Serbia in 1816. Russia has an honorary consulate and embassy in Belgrade, and a liaison office to UNMIK, the capital of the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia has an embassy in Moscow, an honorary consulate in St. Petersburg and has announced to open a consulate-general in Yekaterinburg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albania–Greece relations</span> Bilateral relations

Albania–Greece relations are diplomatic relations between Albania and Greece. They are influenced by factors such as the presence of Albanian immigrants in Greece, the Greek minority in Albania, historical and cultural ties, and interactions between the governments of both countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albania–Russia relations</span> Bilateral relations

The establishment of diplomatic relations between Albania and the Soviet Union happened on April 7, 1924. Both countries were also allies in the Warsaw Pact. Albania has an embassy in Moscow. Russia has an embassy in Tirana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albania–Turkey relations</span> Bilateral relations

Albania and Turkey have close foreign relations. Albania has an embassy in Ankara and a general consulate in Istanbul. Turkey has an embassy in Tirana. The most widespread religion in Albania is Islam (~59%), also in Turkey (~90%). Both are part of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Union for the Mediterranean (UfM). Turkey and Albania are candidates for accession in the European Union (EU).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Romania–Serbia relations</span> Bilateral relations

Romania-Serbia relations refer to the bilateral relations between Romania and the Republic of Serbia. The two countries share a 546.4 kilometre long border, both being located in Southeastern Europe. The two countries share a long history, religion and elements of culture and geography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italy–Serbia relations</span> Bilateral relations

Italy–Serbia relations are diplomatic relations between Italy and Serbia. The Kingdom of Italy established formal bilateral relations with the Principality of Serbia on 18 January 1879. The strategic partnership between the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Italy was established in Rome on 13 November 2009. Italy is one of the member states of the European Union which strongly support Accession of Serbia to the European Union. Both countries are members of the Central European Initiative, OSCE, Council of Europe and the World Trade Organization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albania–Serbia relations</span> Bilateral relations

Relations between Albania and Serbia have been complex and largely unfriendly due to a number of historical and political events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unification of Albania and Kosovo</span> Political idea

The unification of Albania and Kosovo is a political idea, revived before and after Kosovo declared independence in 2008. This idea has been connected to the irredentist concept of Greater Albania. As of the 2021 estimate, approximately 97% of Kosovars are ethnic Albanians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albania–Romania relations</span> Bilateral relations

Albania has an embassy in Bucharest and Romania an embassy in Tirana and a consulate in Korçë. On 16 December 2013, a celebration was held in Romania celebrating the hundredth anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albania–Italy relations</span> Bilateral relations

Albania–Italy relations are the bilateral relations between Albania and Italy. Albania has an embassy in Rome and two general consulates in Bari and Milan. Italy has an embassy in Tirana and a general consulate in Vlorë.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albania–Egypt relations</span> Bilateral relations

Albania and Egypt have cordial and cooperative relations. Albania has an embassy in Cairo, and Egypt has an embassy in Tirana. Diplomatic relations between Albania and Egypt were established in 1958. Both countries are members of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albania–Germany relations</span> Bilateral relations

Albania–Germany relations are the bilateral relations between Albania and Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albania–France relations</span> Bilateral relations

Albania and France are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). Albania is an EU candidate and France is also an EU member.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albania–Poland relations</span> Bilateral relations

Albania–Poland relations are diplomatic relations between the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Poland. Poland was the first Slavic nation to recognize Kosovo as an independent entity, however the relationship between the two nations is lower than usual. Nonetheless, the two countries have been working closer since the fall of communism at 1989 and there has been strong renewal of relationship between two nations.

Albania–Slovakia relations are the bilateral relations between Albania and Slovakia. Albania has an embassy in Bratislava. Slovakia has an embassy in Tirana. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

References

  1. ↑ "Berisha-Kover: PS, jo bojkot". top-channel.tv (in Albanian). 20 March 2012.
  2. ↑ "SZIJJÁRTÓ: HUNGARY FIRMLY SUPPORTS ALBANIA IN EU INTEGRATION EFFORTS". dailynewshungary.com. 19 November 2016.
  3. 1 2 Malcolm, Noel (1998). Kosovo: a short history. Macmillan. p. 162. ISBN   978-0-333-66612-8 . Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  4. 1 2 Pahumi, Nevila (2007). "The Consolidation of Albanian Nationalism". Page 18: "The pasha of Ipek forcibly removed Catholic inhabitants of northern Albania into the plains of southern Serbia after a failed Serb revolt in 1689 and the flight of many Serbs to the Habsburg Empire. The transferred villagers were forced to convert over to Islam."
  5. ↑ Marmullaku, ‘’Albania and the Albanians’’. London: C. Hurst & co., 1975. Page 16.
  6. ↑ Jelavich, Barbara. ‘’History of the Balkans.’’ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Pages 80–81.
  7. ↑ Zhelyazkova, Antonina. ‘’Albanian Identities’’. Page 22
  8. ↑ "Balkan Wars". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1 October 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
  9. ↑ "What was the Warsaw Pact?" . Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  10. ↑ "Bilateral Relations" . Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  11. ↑ "1955: Communist states sign Warsaw Pact". BBC News. 14 May 1955. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
  12. ↑ "Bilateral Relations" . Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  13. ↑ "Albania attracting Czech investors and tourists" . Retrieved 30 September 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.