Alfred Booth and Company was a British trading and shipping company, founded in 1866 and traded for more than a century. It was founded in Liverpool, England, by two brothers, Alfred and Charles Booth to export English light leather to the US.[1] It grew into a significant merchant shipping company with its head office in Liverpool and interests in the United States and South America. The group was broken up in 1964 and the last Booth company from the group was sold in 1986.
Alfred and Charles Booth were cousins of William James Lamport, co-founder of the Liverpool shipping company Lamport and Holt Line, and worked in the company's office. In 1851 Lamport transferred minority shareholdings in a cargo steamship, the Nile, to several associates including Charles Booth and George Holt. In 1854 Lamport, Holt, Booth and Holt's father, also called George Holt, all took minority shares in a new ship, the Orontes. At the time it was common for a merchant ship to be in 64 shares held by a number of owners. Charles Booth had two shares in the Nile and one in the Orontes.[2]
In 1863 the Booth brothers founded a partnership, Alfred Booth and Company, to export English light leather to the US,[3] which was in the midst of its civil war. The company had headquarters in Liverpool and a US office in New York City.
In February 1865 the Booth brothers ordered two new ships.[3] Once again they were part-owners; relatives including Alfred Holt and his brother Philip held most of the remaining 64 shares in each ship. The ships were named Augustine and Jerome[3] after St Augustine of Hippo and St Jerome, two of the great Doctors of the Church. It became a company tradition to name ships after notable bishops and other historic figures. The ships carried English leather, both tanned and untanned, to the USA. In 1866 Booths started a regular steamship service between Liverpool and ports in northern Brazil and on the Amazon River. In 1881 the shipping line became a limited company, Booth Steamship Co Ltd.[3]
After John Boyd Dunlop patented the pneumatic tyre in 1888, the trade in natural rubber from Brazil increased, and by 1900 Booth's had 14 ships.[3] Booths had competitors on the Brazilian route including the Red Cross Iquitos Steamship Co, which operated up the Amazon to Iquitos in Peru, and the Maranham Steamship Co.[3] In 1901 Red Cross's founder, Robert Singlehurst, retired and his company merged with Booths to form the Booth Steamship Co (1901) Ltd.[3]
Booths' fleet developed to include substantial passenger liners. In 1903 the company started carrying tourists to and from Lisbon and Madeira.[3]
In 1912 Charles Booth retired and passed the chairmanship to his nephew, Charles Booth (1868–1938). In 1915 Charles senior returned from retirement to help the company in the First World War, despite suffering from worsening heart disease. He died of a stroke on 23 November 1916.[1] In 1914 the fleet had more than 30 ships. 11 were requisitioned for war service and enemy action sank nine[3] including two ocean liners, the sister shipsAntony and Lanfranc. By 1919 only 18 ships remained in the fleet.[3]
The cargo steamship Clement was launched in 1934 and sunk in 1939
Alfred Booth & Co diversified into civil engineering, and in 1919 it bought the Unit Construction Company from Crittall.[citation needed] Booths lost one ship in peacetime between the two World Wars, when the Gregory ran aground and was wrecked. The company introduced passenger cruises, advertising "1,000 miles up the Amazon"[3]
Despite losing nine ships in the First World War, Booth did not buy any ships for the first nine years after the 1918 Armistice. In 1927 Booth bought a second-hand German ship that it renamed Dominic. Between 1928 and 1935 it renewed part of its fleet with seven new ships and one second-hand one, Dunstan.[4]
Booth lost several ships in the Second World War. The cargo steamship Clement was launched in 1934 and sunk by the German cruiserAdmiral Graf Spee in September 1939. The passenger liner Anselm, which was requisitioned as a troopship in 1940, was sunk by torpedo in July 1941 with the loss of 254 lives.
After the war the company again modernised with new ships,[5] and from 1955 it diversified its naming policy with Spanish names as well as early church ones. In 1957 Booths again suffered a peacetime loss, when the liner Hildebrand ran aground.
Anselm, launched in 1935, was a troopship from 1940 and sunk in 1941
In 1946 Alfred Booth & Co sold Booth Steamship Co business to the Vestey group of companies,.[3] Vestey already had its own shipping subsidiary, Blue Star Line, founded in 1911. Under Vestey's in 1955 Booth Steamship Co started trading in the Caribbean with a service between Brazil and Canada via the West Indies.[3] Through the 1940s, 50s and 60s Vestey's transferred numerous ships between Booth's, Lamport & Holt and Blue Star. Each company had a different naming tradition, so ship transfers generally involved a change of name to accord with the house style of each company.[6] In 1975 Vestey's absorbed the two fleets into Blue Star Line.[7]
In 1964 after a Booth family split the leather business was separated as Booth and Company (International) Ltd.[citation needed] It was made a public company in 1974 and bought by Garnar-Scotblair in 1981.[citation needed] In that period the managing director was John Sebastian Macaulay Booth, a grandson of co-founder Charles Booth.[citation needed]
Alfred Booth & Co was sold in 1986 to the construction company Mowlem.[citation needed]; the chairman at the time of its sale [which?] was Richard Amis CBE, a grandson of Alfred Allen Booth.[citation needed]
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The Blue Star Line was a British passenger and cargo shipping company formed in 1911, being in operation until 1998.
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P Henderson & Company, also known as Paddy Henderson, was a ship owning and management company based in Glasgow, Scotland and operating to Burma. Patrick Henderson started business in Glasgow as a merchant at the age of 25 in 1834. He had three brothers. Two were merchants working for an agent in the Italian port of Leghorn; the third, George, was a sea captain with his own ship.
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SS Vestris was a 1912 steam ocean liner operated by Lamport and Holt Line and used on its service between New York and the River Plate. On 12 November 1928 she began listing about 200 miles (300 km) off Hampton Roads, Virginia, was abandoned, and sank, killing more than 100 people. Her wreck is thought to lie some 1.2 miles (2 km) beneath the North Atlantic.
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SS Vauban was a 1912 steam ocean liner operated by Lamport and Holt Line and used on its service between New York and the River Plate. She was named after the French military engineer Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban (1633–1707). She was a troop ship in the First World War, resumed passenger service until 1930 and was scrapped in 1932.
Anselm was a cargo and passenger steamship built by Workman, Clark and Company in Belfast for the Booth Line service between Liverpool and the Amazon ports in Brazil. It was the second of four Booth Line ships to be named after Saint Anselm.
SS Vandyck was a 1911 steam ocean liner operated by Lamport and Holt Line and used on its service between New York and the River Plate. The German cruiser Karlsruhe sank her in 1914.
Vasari was a 1908 steam ocean liner that was built in England, operated by the British Lamport and Holt Line and used on its service between New York and the River Plate.
SS Boniface was a UK-built steam cargo liner that was launched in 1928 and scrapped in 1961. She spent most of her career with Booth Line. After Alfred Booth and Company sold its shipping line in 1946 the ship changed hands three times and was successively named Browning, Sannicola and Muzuho Maru.
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