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Alleanza Cattolica (English: Catholic Alliance), originally called Foedus Catholicum, is an Italian Catholic association.
The association aims to study and spread the social doctrine of the Catholic Church.
Since 1973, Alleanza Cattolica has published the magazine "Cristianità," which publishes bimonthly since 2017. The magazine is dedicated to "the dissemination of the Church's social doctrine and counter-revolutionary thought". [1] "Cristianità" has released a revisionist interpretation of the Italian Risorgimento, based on the thought of the Brazilian Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira, which analyzes the role of the revolutionary forces in the historical process. While accepting the idea of a state extended throughout the national territory, Alleanza Cattolica intends to re-discuss the legitimacy of the secular order adopted following the events of the Risorgimento. [2]
It was founded and informally constituted by Giovanni Cantoni and Agostino Sanfratello in 1960. [3] The statute of Alleanza Cattolica dates back to 1998. In 2012, Msgr. Gianni Ambrosio, bishop of Piacenza-Bobbio, recognized Alleanza Cattolica as an association of the Christian faithful. [4] [5] Its motto echoes that of the Society of Jesus: Ad maiorem Dei gloriam et socialem. Its symbol is the sacred heart charged on the black eagle representing John the Evangelist and expressing "the will to be children of Mary.". [2]
An article in the magazine Charlie Hebdo argued that Alleanza Cattolica is "the Italian subsidiary" of the Brazilian group Tradition, Family, and Property. [6] According to historian Alessandro Capone, Alleanza Cattolica is "among the most influential centres in the traditionalist galaxy, not least because of its connections with specific sectors of the centre-right". [2]
Agostino Sanfratello from Piacenza, Marco Tangheroni from Pisa, and Franco Maestrelli from Milan in January 1971 were the first to request a referendum against the divorce law in the Court of Cassation. [7]
In the unit of Pisa, dedicated to Saint Henry the Emperor, the pharmacologist Giulio Soldani, the historian Marco Tangheroni, the psychiatrist Mario Di Fiorino, and the brothers Attilio and Renato Tamburrini took part in the activities of Alleanza Cattolica. [8]
The Catholic Alliance's relationship with Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre was very strong. Agostino Sanfratello, one of the Catholic Alliance's founders and the brother of the other founder, Don Pietro Cantoni, became a seminarian at Ecône,the seminary founded by Archbishop Lefebvre.
On June 6, 1977, many members of the Catholic Alliance, including Baron Roberto de Mattei, the pharmacologist Giulio Soldani, Massimo Introvigne, Mario Di Fiorino and Attilio Tamburrini (who will manage, together with Alfredo Mantovano, the Pontifical Foundation of the Catholic Church “Aid to the Church in Need”) and his brother Renato Tamburrini, participated in Rome in the conference on the Second Vatican Council of the archbishop monsignor Marcel Lefebvre, invited by Princess Elvina Pallavicini.
Don Pietro was ordained in December 1978, while Sanfratello left the seminary. In 1981 the relationship between the Fraternity of Saint Pius X and the Italian association was broken: a group of young Italian seminarians left the seminary of Ecône, later incardinated in the Diocese of Apuania by Bishop Aldo Forzoni. [9]
Massimo Introvigne, one of the leaders of Alleanza Cattolica, believes that the profound reason for the split between Msgr. Marcel Lefebvre and Alleanza Cattolica were not political but doctrinal with Msgr. Marcel Lefebvre, a point of friction, was also the reading of de Maistre, who for him was the author of "Du Pape", completely ignoring de Maistre of the original unity of religions ("true religion is more than two thousand years old; it was born on the day in which the days were born").
The turning point of Alleanza Cattolica was in 1981, which led to the departure of a series of seminarians and priests from the Ecône seminary, which was due to the "decision of Msgr. Lefebvre to considering the confirmations of the Conciliar Church invalid and to re-administer them". Cantoni would have considered it as a schismatic act. Mario Di Fiorino replied to Introvigne that .The archbishop's "prudent doubt" dated back to many years before the conference and Mass at Palazzo Pallavicini (June 6, 1977), which had seen the presence of the leaders of Alleanza Cattolica. In the Church of Saint-Nicolas du Chardonnet in Paris, occupied by traditionalists, on May 22, 1977, Msgr. Marcel Lefebvre, conferring confirmation on more than one hundred boys, expressed prudent doubts about the validity of the sacrament officiated according to the new rite [10]
Bishop Bernard Tissier de Mallerais (2005) wrote in this regard: “The Archbishop also judges that the validity of the sacrament of confirmation is affected by the new "form" of the sacrament, drawn on August 15, 1971, from an oriental confirmation formula which expresses less clearly the special character of confirmation, especially in the sometimes extravagant vernacular translations. The doubt was aggravated when, on November 30, 1972, Paul VI accepted any vegetable oil as a matter of the sacrament and no longer just olive oil, contrary to the unanimous Catholic tradition. In 1975, Msgr. Lefebvre affirmed to the Cardinals, who will reproach him for confirming in the diocese without the consent of the Bishops and also for re-confirming under the condition: "The faithful have the right to receive the sacraments in a valid way. I have a prudent doubt", n 1975 [11]
But the doctrinal questions did not seem so decisive. Shortly after the election of the new Pope, John Paul II received Msgr. Lefebvre in a private audience as early as November 1978, and relations improved with tones and formulations, which foreshadowed an agreement on the council's acceptance, understood in the light of all Tradition and the constant Magisterium of the Church. "Ours is an era," says Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, in which natural and supernatural law come before positive ecclesiastical law when the latter opposes it instead of being its channel." [12] Roberto de Mattei, who was also a leading exponent of Alleanza Cattolica, writing in the death of Giovanni Cantoni, interpreted the 1981 turning point as a choice of political strategy, citing the use of the Trotskyist term "entryism": "In 1978 John Paul II was elected and Cantoni, who had great faith in the new Polish Pope, believed that Alleanza Cattolica should change its strategy, moving from "opposition" to what he defined as "entryism", i.e. collaboration with the authorities and ecclesiastical movements. [13]
Marcel François Marie Joseph Lefebvre was a French Catholic archbishop who influenced modern traditionalist Catholicism. In 1970, five years after the close of the Second Vatican Council, he founded the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), a community to train seminarians in the traditional manner, in the village of Écône, Switzerland. In 1988, Pope John Paul II declared that Archbishop Lefebvre had "incurred the grave penalty of excommunication envisaged by ecclesiastical law" for consecrating four bishops against the pope's express prohibition but, according to Lefebvre, in reliance on an "agreement given by the Holy See ... for the consecration of one bishop."
The Society of Saint Pius X is a canonically irregular traditionalist Catholic priestly fraternity founded in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre. Lefebvre was leading traditionalist at the Second Vatican Council with the Coetus Internationalis Patrum and Superior General of the Holy Ghost Fathers until 1968. The society was initially established as a pious union of the Catholic Church with the permission of François Charrière, the Bishop of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg in Switzerland.
Massimo Introvigne is an Italian Roman Catholic sociologist of religion, author, and intellectual property attorney. He is a founder and the managing director of the Center for Studies on New Religions (CESNUR), a Turin-based organization which has been described as "the highest profile lobbying and information group for controversial religions".
The Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter is a traditionalist Catholic society of apostolic life for priests and seminarians. It is in communion with the Holy See. It was founded in 1988 by 12 former members of the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) who left following the Écône consecrations, which resulted in the SSPX bishops being excommunicated by the Holy See.
Ecclesia Dei is the document Pope John Paul II issued on 2 July 1988 in reaction to the Ecône consecrations, in which four priests of the Society of Saint Pius X were ordained as bishops despite an express prohibition by the Holy See. The consecrating bishop and the four priests consecrated were excommunicated. John Paul called for unity and established the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei to foster a dialogue with those associated with the consecrations who hoped to maintain both loyalty to the papacy and their attachment to traditional liturgical forms.
Bernard Tissier de Mallerais is a French traditionalist Catholic prelate, serving as a bishop of the Society of Saint Pius X.
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The International Seminary of Saint Pius X in Écône, Valais, Switzerland, is the premier seminary of the Roman Catholic traditionalist Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX). The seminary is one of the six houses for formation for the future priests of the Society of Saint Pius X. The Seminary was founded in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, and his tomb can be found there.
Clarence James Kelly was an American traditionalist Catholic bishop. He was a co-founder of the Society of Saint Pius V and the founder of the Congregation of Saint Pius V.
The Palazzo Pallavicini-Rospigliosi is a palace in Rome, Italy. It was built by the Borghese family on the Quirinal Hill; its footprint occupies the site where the ruins of the baths of Constantine stood, whose remains still are part of the basement of the main building, the Casino dell'Aurora. Its first inhabitant was the famed art collector Cardinal Scipione Borghese, the nephew of Pope Paul V, who wanted to be housed near the large papal Palazzo Quirinale. The palace and garden of the Pallavicini-Rospigliosi were the product of the accumulated sites and were designed by Giovanni Vasanzio and Carlo Maderno in 1611–16. Scipione owned this site for less than a decade, 1610–16, and commissioned the construction and decoration of the casino and pergolata, facing the garden of Montecavallo. The Roman palace of this name should not be mistaken for the panoramic Villa Pallavicino on the shores of Lake Como in Lombardy. The Palace has also been the scene of important cultural and religious events. On June 6, 1977 Princess Elvina Pallavicini invited in Palazzo Pallavicini Rospigliosi the archbishop monsignor Marcel Lefebvre for a conference on the Second Vatican Council and for the celebration of a Traditiona Mass, under the careful direction of the marquis Roberto Malvezzi, and Frigate Captain marquis Luigi Coda Nunziante di San Ferdinando. Many members of Alleanza Cattolica, the baron Roberto de Mattei, the pharmacologist Giulio Soldani, the sociologist Massimo Introvigne, the psychiatrist Mario Di Fiorino and Attilio Tamburrini and his brother Renato Tamburrini took part to the event.
An abrogative referendum on the divorce law was held in Italy on 12 May 1974. Voters were asked whether they wanted to repeal a government law passed three years earlier allowing divorce for the first time in modern Italian history. Those voting "yes" wanted to outlaw divorce as had been the case before the law came into effect, and those voting "no" wanted to retain the law and their newly gained right to divorce. The referendum was defeated by a margin of 59.26% to 40.74% on a voter turnout of 87.72% out of 37 million eligible voters, thus allowing the divorce law to remain in force.
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Roberto de Mattei is an Italian traditionalist Catholic historian and author. His studies mainly concern European history between the 16th and 20th centuries, with a focus on the history of religious and political ideas. He is known for his anti-evolutionist positions, also publicised in institutional circles, for his critique of relativism and the lines of thought established in the Catholic Church after the Second Vatican Council.
Alfredo José Isaac Cecilio Francesco Méndez-Gonzalez was an American Catholic bishop who served in Puerto Rico and who later became involved with sedevacantists.
Mario Di Fiorino is an Italian psychiatrist and Director of Psychiatry at the Ospedale Versilia in Lido di Camaiore (LU), Italy till 31 May 2023. The author of numerous scientific papers and books, his main areas of research are related to mental manipulation, violence, and dissociative disorders.
Donald J. Sanborn is an American sedevacantist bishop who is known for his advocacy of sedevacantism and sedeprivationism. He currently serves as the superior general of the sedevacantist Roman Catholic Institute (RCI) and rector of the sedevacantist Most Holy Trinity Seminary, which was relocated to Reading, Pennsylvania, United States, in 2022.
The Society of Saint Pius X is an international priestly fraternity founded in 1970 by the French Roman Catholic Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre.
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