Alternative Left Izquierda Alternativa | |
---|---|
Founded | 1991 |
Dissolved | 1993[1] |
Merger of | Revolutionary Communist League Communist Movement |
Newspaper | Página Abierta Viento Sur |
Ideology | Socialism Marxism Sovereignism Feminism Antimilitarism Ecologism Republicanism |
Political position | Left-wing to far-left |
Town councillors in Spain (1991-1993) | 10 / 66,308 |
Alternative Left (Spanish language: Izquierda Alternativa, IA) was a Spanish political party with a socialist ideology formed by the union of the Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) and the Communist Movement (MC) in 1991.
Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in the Americas and Spain. It is a global language and the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese.
Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production and workers' self-management, as well as the political theories and movements associated with them. Social ownership can be public, collective or cooperative ownership, or citizen ownership of equity. There are many varieties of socialism and there is no single definition encapsulating all of them, with social ownership being the common element shared by its various forms.
Revolutionary Communist League was a political party in Spain. It was founded in 1971 by members of the Catalan group Comunisme, a split of the Popular Liberation Front (FLP). The LCR had a trotskyist ideology, adopting more heterodox political positions in the 1980s.
The merger in 1989 of the respective territorial organizations of the MC and the LCR in the Basque Country; Euskadiko Mugimendu Komunista (EMK) and Liga Komunista Iraultzailea (LKI), as Batzarre in Navarre and Zutik in the Basque Autonomous Community, led to calls for a rethinking of the new conditions for unity between the two parties. Finally, an agreed was reached in March 1991 to the unification of the two groups, which was made effective on November 1991. [2] The new organization had a joint leadership of 50 members from the LCR and 50 from the MC. [3] IA had a confederal structure, being formed by the following confederated organizations:
Communist Movement was a political party in Spain. It was founded in 1972 as Movimiento Comunista de España (MCE).
Batzarre is a political party in Navarre, Spain. It has a branch in the Basque Autonomous Community known as Zutik. It bids to win the political space to the left of the Basque nationalists and the Spanish socialists, the latter eroded for their long-running collusion with the conservative UPN government. It formed on 29 January 2011 the coalition Izquierda-Ezkerra along with Izquierda Unida de Navarra (IUN) and local Socialist figures disillusioned with the party's regional alliances.
Navarre ; officially the Chartered Community of Navarre, is an autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Nouvelle-Aquitaine in France. The capital city is Pamplona.
Madrid is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole. The city has almost 3.3 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million. It is the third-largest city in the European Union (EU), smaller than only London and Berlin, and its monocentric metropolitan area is the third-largest in the EU, smaller only than those of London and Paris. The municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi).
Catalonia is an autonomous community in Spain on the northeastern corner of the Iberian Peninsula, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy. Catalonia consists of four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. The capital and largest city is Barcelona, the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union. It comprises most of the territory of the former Principality of Catalonia. It is bordered by France (Occitanie) and Andorra to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south. The official languages are Catalan, Spanish, and the Aranese dialect of Occitan.
Andalusia is an autonomous community in southern Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest autonomous community in the country. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a "historical nationality". The territory is divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville. Its capital is the city of Seville.
IA had a very short life because of the different "styles", culture and political objectives that existed in the two parties. The MC sector planned to evolve to a "non-political party" social collective, that would push for society self-organization, while the LCR defended a classic political party project. Also, the former members of the LCR feared being swallowed by the larger MC.
Finally, Alternative Left split into two nationwide: the LCR group stayed with the name, later to integrate with Jaime Pastor as their main leader, in the United Left in November 1993 (though in the process of infighting the organization lost up to a third of its membership) and the MC group stayed with the name of some of the territorial organizations of IA. The merger, however, survived in Asturias as Lliberación (dissolved in 2010), in Galiza with the name of Inzar (integrated into the BNG and dissolved in 2012), in the Basque Country as Zutik (dissolved in 2011), and in Navarre as Batzarre (integrated in Izquierda-Ezkerra).
United Left is a political coalition that was organized in 1986, bringing together several left-wing and far-left political organizations.
Asturias, officially the Principality of Asturias, is an autonomous community in north-west Spain. It is coextensive with the province of Asturias, and contains some of the territory that was part of the larger Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages. Divided into eight comarcas (counties), the autonomous community of Asturias is bordered by Cantabria to the east, by Castile and León to the south, by Galicia to the west, and by the Bay of Biscay to the north.
Inzar was a political group created with the union of the Communist Movement of Galicia and the Revolutionary Communist League of Galicia. It was constituted as political party in 1991 linked to Izquierda Alternativa. In 1993 it was integrated in the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG), having always little political weight in the bloc.
Nafarroa Bai was a Navarrese coalition in Spain of Basque nationalist and regional left-wing parties created in 2003 for the 2004 Spanish General election.
Euskal Herritarrok was a Basque independentist and socialist political party in the Basque Country. EH was banned in 2003 on the grounds that it sympathized with ETA.
Euskadiko Ezkerra was a Basque socialist political organisation. It was founded as a coalition of Euskal Iraultzarako Alderdia and other Basque Marxist forces in 1977 to present lists for the Spanish general elections in the constituencies of Vizcaya, Guipúzcoa and Álava, while UNAI, an allied coalition, was to present a list in the constituency of Navarre.
Communist Movement of Euskadi was originally the branch of the Communist Movement (MC) in Basque Country and Navarre, Spain. EMK was previously known as ETA Berri, a splinter group of ETA. EMK separated itself from MC in 1983. In 1991 EMK merged with LKI and formed Zutik in Basque Country. In Navarre EMK took part in forming Batzarre. Some of its most prominent leaders were Patxi Iturrioz, Eugenio del Río, Rosa Olivares Txertudi, Milagros Rubio, Jesús Urra Bidaurre and the brothers Javier and Ignacio Álvarez Dorronsoro.
Zutik was a political party in Basque Country, Spain which was dissolved in 2009. Zutik was formed in 1991 through the merger of the EMK and LKI—the Basque branch of LCR. Within Zutik there is a current affiliated to the United Secretariat of the Fourth International. Zutik has a branch in Navarre known as Batzarre.
Aralar was a Basque socialist and separatist political party in Spain. It was opposed to the violent struggle of ETA.
Miren Uxue Barkos Berruezo, simply known as Uxue Barkos, is a Spanish journalist and politician, the current President of Navarre. She previously represented the Basque coalition Geroa Bai, and before that, Nafarroa Bai, in the Spanish Congress of Deputies.
Communist Movement of Asturias was the federated political party of the Communist Movement (MC) in Asturias. The MCA was founded in 1976.
Communist Movement of Aragón was the federated political party of the Communist Movement (MC) in Aragón. The MCA was founded in 1976, as the continuation of the Communist Organization of Zaragoza
Communist Movement of Catalonia was the federated political party of the Communist Movement (MC) in Catalonia. The MCC was founded in 1974.
Izquierda-Ezkerra (I-E) is a progressive coalition in the constituency of Navarre, Spain. It was established in January 2011 after Batzarre split from the Nafarroa Bai coalition. Batzarre accepted United Left of Navarre's call to form a coalition along with Socialist local figures—the Plataforma Navarra por el Cambio—disgruntled with the Socialist Party's social policies and standing support to the conservative anti-Basque Unión del Pueblo Navarro (UPN). The Los Verdes-Grupo Verde ecologists joined them too.
Eusko Alkartasuna is a Basque nationalist and social-democratic political party operating in Spain and France. The Basque language name means Basque Solidarity and abbreviated as EA. The party describes itself as Basque nationalist, democratic, popular, progressive and non-denominational party. Recently, the party adopted the slogan "Euskal Sozialdemokrazia".
Auzolan was a political coalition in the Southern Basque Country, created on 26 March 1983. It was a coalition between the Liga Komunista Iraultzailea (LKI), Langile Abertzale Iraultzaileen Alderdia and Nueva Izquierda, and had the support of the Communist Movement of Euskadi (EMK). The spokesperson of Auzolan was Bixente Serrano Izko.
Anticapitalistas, until January 2015 Izquierda Anticapitalista and from 1995 to November 2008 Espacio Alternativo is a political organisation, that works as a confederation, in Spain. Anticapitalistas is defined as a revolutionary, anti-capitalist, internationalist, feminist and socialist organisation, assuming Marxism in an open, plural and critical sense. Its stated objective is the rebuilding of the revolutionary project through the creation of a unitary, anti-capitalist political expression sustained by the Anti-globalisation movement, the labor movement and the social movements at large. On 23 February 2009, IA entered in the register of political parties of the Interior Ministry, and presented candidacies to several elections. In January 2015, IA decided to become the Anticapitalistas political association to join the political party Podemos.
Organization of Communist Left was a communist political party in Spain founded in 1974. The OIC was a continuation of the existing Communist Workers Circles (COC), whose roots were in the Workers' Front of Catalonia (FOC), the Catalan version of the People's Liberation Front.
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