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The Arab Mashreq international Road Network is an international road network between the primarily Arab countries of the Mashriq (Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Kuwait, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, Oman and Yemen). In addition, part of the network passes through Israel, which is not a party to the agreement that created it as well as non-Arab parts of the region. The network is a result of the 2001 Agreement on International Roads in the Arab Mashreq, a United Nations multilateral treaty that entered into force in 2003 and has been ratified by 13 of the 14 (all except Israel) countries that the network serves. [1] [2]
Number | Summary | Route | notes |
---|---|---|---|
Iraq, East Arabian Peninsula | Zakho- Mosul – Baghdad – Samawa – Basrah – Safwan Abdally – Kuwait City – Nuwayseeb Khafji – Abu Hadriyah – Dammam – Hufuf – Salwa – Batha'a – Al-Ghuwaifat – Abu Dhabi – Dubai – Fujairah – Kalba Khatmat Malahaw – Sohar – Muscat – Nizwa – Thumrayt – Salalah | The section Dammam – Hufuf – Salwa will eventually be replaced by the coastal road (Dammam – Salwa) upon its completion. Connected to the European route E90 of the European International E-road network | |
Abu Dhabi – Sohar | Abu Dhabi – Al-Ayn – Al-Buraimi – Sohar | ||
Al-Ayn – Nizwa | Al-Ain – Mazyad – Hafit – Nizwa | ||
Northern Iraq – East Mediterranean | Haj Omran – Erbil – Mosul – Rabieyyah Yaroubia – Qamishli – Aleppo – Lattakia | Connected to AH2 of the Asian Highway Network | |
Aleppo – Ramadi | Aleppo – Deir Ez-Zor – Albu Kamal Al-Qa'em – Ramadi | ||
Central Syria | Qamishli – Hasakah – Deir Ez-Zor – Homs – Tartus | ||
Petroleum Pipeline | Hadithah – Ar'ar – Hafar El-Batin – Abu Hadriyah | ||
Western Iraq – Eastern Mediterranean | Rutbah – Al-Walid Tanf – Damascus – Jedeidet Yabus Masna' – Beirut | ||
Middle Arabian peninsula | Amman – Azraq – Omari Hadithah – Sakakah – Ha'il – Burayda – Riyadh – Al Kharj | ||
Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Western Israel, and the Mediterranean Southern Coast | Munthareya- Khanaqin – Baghdad – Ramadi – Rutbah – Tarabil Karamah – Al Azraq – Amman – King Hussein Bridge – Jerusalem – Ashdod – Gaza – Rafah – Arish – Kantara Bridge – Port Said – Alexandria – As Sallum | Connected to AH2 of the Asian Highway Network and Trans-African Highway Route 1 | |
Syria – Jordan – Saudi Arabia – Yemen | Bab Al Hawa – Aleppo – Homs – Damascus – Nasib Jaber -Alsarhan – Amman – Qetraneh – Jorof – Ma'an – Al Mudawara Halat Ammar – Tabuk – Qaliba – Medina – Mecca – Abha – Elb Baqim – Sanaa – Ta'izz | ||
Ma'an – Aqaba | Ma'an – Aqaba | ||
Baghdad – Cairo | Baghdad – Karbala – Al Nukhaib – Jedeidat Ar'ar Jedeidat Ar'ar – Ar'ar – Sakakah – Qaliba – Tabuk – Ad-Durra – Aqaba – Eilat – Nuweiba – Nekhel – Shatt – Cairo | ||
Eastern Mediterranean Coast | Kasab – Lattakia – Tartus – Dabboussieh Abboudieh – Tripoli – Beirut – Naqoura | ||
Sinai – East Red Sea | Arish – Nakhel – Nuweiba Eilat Aqaba – Ad-Durra – Dhuba – Yanbu – Rabigh – Jeddah – Darb – At Tuwal Harad – Hodeidah – Al-Mukha | ||
Western Saudi Arabia – Upper Egypt | Dhuba Safaga – Qena – Mutt | ||
Red Sea – West Coast | Ismailia – Suez – Safaga – Halayeb | ||
Kuwait – Yanbu | Al-Kuwait – As-Salmi Ar-Ruqi – Hafar al-Batin – Al Artawiyah – Burayda – Medina – Yanbu | Eventually a section will be added upon being completed, branching off from this route at Artawiya and heading east to Jubail via Abu Hadriya | |
Nile Valley | Alexandria – Cairo – Qena – Arqin | ||
Manama – Jeddah | Manama -King Fahd Causeway- Dammam – Riyadh – Mecca – Jeddah | ||
Doha – Ad-Darb | Doha – Abu Samra Salwah- Batha'a – Haradh – Al Kharj – Sulayyil – Abha – Ad-Darb | ||
Southern Arabian Peninsula | Thumrayt – Mazyounah Shahan – Al Ghaydah – Al-Mukalla – Aden – Ta'izz – Al-Mukha | ||
Other intercontinental highway systems:
Transport in Egypt is centered in Cairo and largely follows the pattern of settlement along the Nile. The Ministry of Transportation and other government bodies are responsible for transportation in Egypt, whether by sea, river, land or air.
With the exception of a railway system, Jordan has a developed public and private transportation system. There are three international airports in Jordan. The Hedjaz Jordan Railway runs one passenger train a day each way.
Transportation in Lebanon varies greatly in quality from the ultramodern Beirut International Airport to poor road conditions in many parts of the country. The Lebanese civil war between 1975 and 1990 and the 2006 Lebanon War with Israel severely damaged the country's infrastructure.
This article is about transport in Oman.
Transport in Syria is possible by rail, road, air or rivers, both public and private. Syria is an Asian country with a well-developed rail network (2,052 km) and a highway system (782 km). Main international airport is the Damascus International Airport in the capital, Damascus.
The Asian Highway Network (AH), also known as the Great Asian Highway, is a cooperative project among countries in Asia and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) to improve their connectivity via highway systems. It is one of the three pillars of the Asian Land Transport Infrastructure Development (ALTID) project, endorsed by the ESCAP commission at its 48th session in 1992, comprising Asian Highway, Trans-Asian Railway (TAR) and facilitation of land transport projects.
Asian Highway 2 (AH2) is a road in the Asian Highway Network running 13,107 kilometres (8,144 mi) from Denpasar, Indonesia to Merak, and Singapore to Khosravi, Iran. The route is connected to M10 of the Arab Mashreq International Road Network. The route is as follows:
European route E 90 is an A-Class West–East European route, extending from Lisbon in Portugal in the west to the Turkish–Iraqi border in the east. It is connected to the M5 of the Arab Mashreq International Road Network.
Transport in Jerusalem is characterized by a well-developed inter-city network and an emerging, developing intra-city network. Ben Gurion International Airport serves as Jerusalem's closest international airport. Egged bus lines and Israel Railways connect the city of Jerusalem to much of Israel, and a high-speed rail line to the airport and Tel Aviv is currently under construction, while the segment to Ben Gurion Airport is already in limited operation. Within the city, the roads, rather than the rails, are the primary mode of transportation.
The Trans-African Highway network comprises transcontinental road projects in Africa being developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), the African Development Bank (ADB), and the African Union in conjunction with regional international communities. They aim to promote trade and alleviate poverty in Africa through highway infrastructure development and the management of road-based trade corridors. The total length of the nine highways in the network is 56,683 km (35,221 mi).
Highway 613, popularly known as the Dhahran–Jubail Expressway and the Khobar–Dammam–Dhahran Expressway, is a major north-south controlled-access secondary highway in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, spanning 196 kilometers. It connects the Dammam metropolitan area to the industrial area of Ra's al-Khair, running in the north-south direction for its entire length from Khobar in the south to the Ra's al-Khair north of Jubail, while providing access to Saihat, Qatif and Jubail along its length.
Road 48, unofficially called Karbala Highway, is in Markazi Province, Hamedan Province, and Kermanshah Province in western Iran.
The Arab Mashreq International Railway is a proposed railway network in the Mashriq, which is located in Western Asia and eastern North Africa in the eastern part of the Arab world. The planned network has north–south and east–west axes, and 16 different routes covering 19500 route-km. The plan is ambitious; 60% of the routes have not yet been built, and parts of existing railway infrastructure are weak or have gauge differences; some states may be unable to make large investments in infrastructure. Like the European Trans-European Transport Network, the Agreement specifies a family of high-priority international routes, rather than setting service details or awarding contracts to operators.
The Mashriq, also known as the Arab Mashriq, sometimes spelled Mashreq or Mashrek, is a term used by Arabs to refer to the eastern part of the Arab world, located in Western Asia and eastern North Africa. Poetically the "Place of Sunrise", the name is derived from the verb sharaqa, from the sh-r-q root (ش-ر-ق), referring to the east, where the sun rises.
The Dammam metropolitan area, or Greater Dammam, is the largest metropolitan area in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. It consists of "The Triplet Cities" of Dammam, Khobar, Dhahran, Qatif and their vicinities. It had a population of 2,742,800 as of the 2022 census. It is known for the arts, pearl culturing, entertainment and popular music and sports legacies. The area includes a variety of natural landscapes, parks, and beaches with a recreational coastline to the Persian Gulf. The Greater Dammam area is also known for being one of the cornerstones of the oil industry with the world's largest oil company and most valuable company, Saudi Aramco, being based in Dhahran, as a result of the first oil well being dug in the area.
Highway 40 is a major east–west six-lane controlled-access highway in Saudi Arabia, spanning 1,395 km. The highway connects Jeddah, the second-largest city in the kingdom, on the western coast of Saudi Arabia to Dammam, the sixth-largest city on the eastern coast and the largest in the Eastern Province. Apart from Jeddah and Dammam, Highway 40 also runs near or through Mecca, Ta'if, Riyadh, Abqaiq and Khobar along its length, and provides access to the Mahazat as-Sayd and Saja and Umm Al Ramth wildlife sanctuaries.
Pan-Arabism is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, comprising the Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts the view that the Arabs constitute a single nation. It originated in the late 19th century among the Arab regions of the Ottoman Empire, and its popularity reached its height during the 1950s and 1960s. Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused Arab socialist principles and strongly opposed Western political involvement in the Arab world. It also sought to empower Arab states against outside forces by forming alliances and, to a lesser extent, economic co-operation.