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The Old Red Sandstone is an assemblage of rocks in the North Atlantic region largely of Devonian age. It extends in the east across Great Britain, Ireland and Norway, and in the west along the northeastern seaboard of North America. It also extends northwards into Greenland and Svalbard. These areas were a part of the ancient continent of Euramerica/Laurussia. In Britain it is a lithostratigraphic unit to which stratigraphers accord supergroup status and which is of considerable importance to early paleontology. For convenience the short version of the term, ORS is often used in literature on the subject. The term was coined to distinguish the sequence from the younger New Red Sandstone which also occurs widely throughout Britain.
The Argyll Group is a thick sequence of metamorphosed Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks that outcrop across the Central Highlands of Scotland, east of the Great Glen, as well as appearing in the north of Ireland. It is a subdivision of the Dalradian Supergroup and is itself divided into four units; from oldest to youngest these are the Islay, Easdale, Crinan and Tayvallich subgroups.
The Lias Group or Lias is a lithostratigraphic unit found in a large area of western Europe, including the British Isles, the North Sea, the Low Countries and the north of Germany. It consists of marine limestones, shales, marls and clays.
The Coal Measures Group is a lithostratigraphical term coined to refer to the coal-bearing succession of rock strata which occur in the United Kingdom within the Westphalian Stage of the Carboniferous Period. Other than in Northern Ireland the term is now obsolete in formal use and is replaced by the Pennine Coal Measures Group, Scottish Coal Measures Group and the South Wales Coal Measures Group for the three distinct depositional provinces of the British mainland.
The Caithness Flagstone Group is a Devonian lithostratigraphic group in northern Scotland. The name is derived from the traditional county of Caithness where the strata are well exposed, especially in coastal cliffs.
The Eday Group is a Devonian lithostratigraphic group in Orkney, northern Scotland. The name is derived from the island of Eday where the strata are exposed in coastal cliffs.
The Sherwood Sandstone Group is a Triassic lithostratigraphic group which is widespread in Britain, especially in the English Midlands. The name is derived from Sherwood Forest in Nottinghamshire which is underlain by rocks of this age. It has economic importance as the reservoir of the Morecambe Bay gas field, the second largest gas field in the UK.
The Exeter Group is a Permian lithostratigraphic group which occurs through East Devon in southwest England. The name is derived from the city of Exeter in Devon which is partly underlain by rocks of this age.
The Aylesbeare Mudstone Group is an early Triassic lithostratigraphic group in southwest England. The name is derived from the village of Aylesbeare in east Devon. The Group comprises the Littleham Mudstone Formation, the Exmouth Mudstone and Sandstone Formation and the underlying Clyst St Lawrence Formation. The strata are exposed on the coast between Exmouth and Budleigh Salterton where the type section is defined. The rocks of the Aylesbeare Mudstone Group have also previously been known as the Aylesbeare Group and the Aylesbeare Mudstone Formation.
The South Wales Coal Measures Group is a lithostratigraphical term referring to the coal-bearing succession of rock strata which occur in South Wales within the Westphalian Stage of the Carboniferous Period. The Group name is also applied to rocks of similar age across southern England from the Bristol Coalfield east to the concealed Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Kent Coalfields. In formal use, the term replaces the earlier Coal Measures Group The Group comprises the:
The Cosheston Group is an early Devonian lithostratigraphic group in west Wales. The name is derived from the village of Cosheston in south Pembrokeshire. The Group comprises the Llanstadwell, Burton Cliff, Mill Bay, Lawrenny Cliff and New Shipping formations. The strata are exposed in the Milford Haven area of southern Pembrokeshire where several partial type sections are defined. The outcrop extends around the northern and southern shores of the Haven. It is bounded to the north by the Benton Fault between the villages of Rosemarket and Lawrenny, and extends east to New Shipping and west almost to the town of Milford Haven itself. The rocks of this group have also previously been known as the Cosheston Beds.
The Milford Haven Group is a late Silurian to early Devonian lithostratigraphic group in west Wales. The name is derived from the estuary and town of Milford Haven in south Pembrokeshire. The Group comprises calcareous marls with occasional sandstones along with conglomerates and breccias.
The Exmoor Group is a late Devonian to early Carboniferous lithostratigraphic group in southwest England whose outcrop extends from Croyde in north Devon east across Exmoor to Minehead in west Somerset. The group comprises the following formations the:
The Stratheden Group is a Devonian lithostratigraphic group in southern Scotland and northernmost England. Occasionally pebbly, this red-brown and yellow sandstone dominated unit also contains siltstones and mudstones. It is encountered in Arran in the west and across the Midland Valley to the northeastern parts of Fife in the east. The name is derived from Stratheden in Fife. The rocks of the Stratheden Group have also previously been referred to as the Upper Old Red Sandstone. It unconformably overlies a variety of other rock sequences including the Strathmore Group around Dumbarton, Stirling and Arran and the Arbuthnott-Garvock Group in Fife and the Kinross area.
The Strathmore Group is a Devonian lithostratigraphic group in central Scotland. Its sandstones are interbedded with siltstones which interfinger with conglomerates. It is encountered from Arran in the west across the Midland Valley to Stonehaven in the east. The name is derived from Strathmore, Angus where this sequence occupies the axis of the Strathmore Syncline which runs for many tens of miles parallel to and south of the Highland Boundary Fault. The rocks of the Strathmore Group have also previously been referred to as the Strathmore Beds.
The Badenoch Group is a sequence of metamorphosed Tonian age sedimentary rocks that outcrop across the Central Highlands of Scotland, east of the Great Glen. This rock sequence has formerly been referred to as the Central Highland Migmatite Complex and the Central Highland Division.
This article describes the geology of the Cairngorms National Park, an area in the Highlands of Scotland designated as a national park in 2003 and extended in 2010. The Cairngorms National Park extends across a much wider area than the Cairngorms massif itself and hence displays rather more varied geology.
Not to be confused with former rock and roll group, The Tyrones.
The geology of Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park in the southwestern part of the Scottish Highlands consists largely of Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic bedrock faulted and folded and subjected to low grade metamorphism during the Caledonian orogeny. These older rocks, assigned to the Dalradian Supergroup, lie to the northwest of the northeast – southwest aligned Highland Boundary Fault which defines the southern edge of the Highlands. A part of this mountainous park extends south of this major geological divide into an area characterised by younger Devonian rocks which are assigned to the Old Red Sandstone.
The geology of Exmoor National Park in south-west England contributes significantly to the character of a landscape which was designated as a national park in 1954. The bedrock of the area consists almost wholly of a suite of sedimentary rocks deposited during the Devonian, a period named for the English county of Devon in which the western half of the park sits. The eastern part lies within Somerset and it is within this part of the park that limited outcrops of Triassic and Jurassic age rocks are to be found.
References
- ↑ http://www.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=ATGK (BGS on-line lexicon of rock units)
- ↑ http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html? Geology of Britain viewer
- ↑ British Geological Survey 1:50,000 scale geological map (Scotland) sheets